13 th February, 2015 Yasushi Yasui

Transcription

1 NEDO Forum Clean Coal Technology Session "Current situation and future outlook for CO2 capture technology Focusing on clean coal technology 13 th February, 2015 Yasushi Yasui Director General Environment Department New Energy Development and Industry Development Organization

2 2 1. Development of Clean Coal Technology by NEDO Carbon Capture Technologies NEDO Projects Establishment of Technology (Year) Low carbonization in coal-fired power generation Improvement of power generation efficiency Development of CO 2 capture technology IGCC (EAGLE STEP 1) 2006 Clean-up of synthesis gas for IGFC 2017 Entrained flow steam gasification 2030 Chemical/physical absorption (EAGLE STEP 2 & 3) Oxy-fuel IGCC Chemical looping combustion Low carbonization in iron and steel industry CO 2 capture & emissions reduction CO 2 emissions reduction in iron and steel industry (COURSE50 Project) Utilization of low rank coal Drying & upgrading Consideration of business model/ Demonstration abroad

3 Mtoe Mtoe 3 2. Global Primary energy demand and power generation by sources Coal is known as very important energy resource that has the characteristics distributed over a wide area and stable low price relatively, compared with others energy resources. Coal shares will be about 25% in Global Primary energy demand and about 40% in Global power generation in % 24% 47% 37% World primary energy demand by source World power generation by source Reference: World Energy Outlook 2002, 2004, , 2014

4 [g-co 2 /kwh] 3. Comparison CO 2 emission by power generation Even most efficient coal fired thermal power generation discharge about 2 times CO2 compared to LNG-Fired. Coal fired thermal power generation needs Improvement of the efficiency and introduction carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) Reduction by CCS 695 DOT:500 g-co 2 /kwh EIB: 550 g-co 2 /kwh India Chaina U.S. Germany World Coal Fired (Japan) USC IGCC IGFC Coal Oil Power (Japan) with CCS LNG LNG (steam)(gas turbine combined) Coal Fired thermal power in the World Coal Fired thermal power in Japan Reference :Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry(2009) CO 2 Emissions Fuel Combustion (2012) 4

5 4. Cumulative CO 2 emissions reduction thorough 2050 in a 2 by CCS When we doesn t perform carbon dioxide emission, the quantity of annual CO 2 emission increases to 50 billion tons in 2050, and world average temperature will increase approximately 6 degrees. It is necessary to reduce annual CO 2 emission to approximately 15 G tons to keep raise of world mean temperature to 2 degrees in the IEA model. CCS is expected to carry 14% of the quantity of CO 2 reduction. G tons/year Power generation efficiency and fuel switching Nuclear Renewable Energy 6 increase 50Gtons End-use fuel switching End-use fuel and electricity efficiency 14% 2 Increase 15Gtons GCCSI Global Status of CCS 2014

6 4.1 World present development of IGCC-CCS Improvement of gasification technology Higher efficiency, realization of CCS and lower cost Many demonstration plants are planned in the world Example of Project Kemper US Southern Company Power output 582MW Operation 2014 Capture capacity3.0mtpa IGCC: Country, Power output, Operation year IGCC-CCS: CCS operation year, Capture capacity 1500m Green Gen China GreenGen PhaseⅠ( ) 2,000tpd IGCC Tianjin Phase Ⅱ( ) 3,500-2,000tpd IGCC+ Hydrogen+CCS Phase Ⅲ( ) 400MW IGCC+Hydrogen+FC+CCS IGCC 700m Puertollano (Spain,318MW,1997) Polk Power (UA,315MW,1996) Wabash River (UA,296MW,1995) Buggenum (Netherland,284MW,1994) IGCC+CCS Into practice CCS by Pre-Combustion carbon capture method Nakoso (Japan,250MW,2007) IGCC Taean (Korea,300MW,2015) Edwardsport (UA,630MW,2013) Teeside (GB,2018,4.2Mtpa) Don Valley Hatfield (GB,2018,4.75Mtpa) Cash Creek New Gas (UA,2018,5Mtpa) HECA (UA,2018,3Mtpa) Summit (UA,2018,2Mtpa) Green Gen (China,2016,2Mtpa) Kemper (UA,2014,3.5Mtpa) Osaki CG (Japan,2019,0.3Mtpa)

7 4.2 Large scale CCS projects in the world CO 2 /EOR is mainstream under the present conditions 出展 :GCCSI Global Status of CCS 2014

8 4.3 Present Challenges on CCS Policy CO 2 /EOR is carried out mainly because CO 2 can sell for the present conditions. CCS of the aquifer is not economy of the business because it rises the electricity cost, it is come true only when the measures of the policy are taken. CCS except CO 2 /EOR notes the PA(Public Acceptance) for long-term CO 2 storage, and it is necessary to be able to go ahead with the consensus of stakeholders. Technology Carbon capture is feasible technology under present conditions by combination of present technologies, but expensive. As for capture, it is necessary to develop the high precision prediction technology of the CO 2 storage area for the large scale storage of millions of tons per year and low cost continuous CO 2 monitoring technology after site closedown. CCS の概要 ( 帯水層貯留 ) CO2/EOR の概要 ( 枯渇油田の再生 )

9 Cost of Electricity (yen/kwh) CO2 の費用 ( 円 / トン CO2) CO2 の費用 ( 円 / トン CO2) CO 2 Cost(yen/t-CO 2 ) 5. Cost of electricity with CCS in the present conditions 洋上基地 Offshore Base Storage from onshore base Aquifer CO 2 Storage area Increase 3yens/kWh by Carbon capture Storage from offshore base Carbon capture cost is 3,500yen/t-CO 2 Aquifer CO 2 Storage area 3 円 /kwh (1) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 O&M of Storage CAPEX of Storage (2) O&M of Transportation CAPEX of Transportation 6,187 Fuel 12,000 9,892 10,000 8,000 6,000 (3) (4) 10,973 6,187 11,343 9,892 10,973 Storage 8,246 Transportation 1 1 4,000 2,000 O&M of Power Generation CAPEX of Power Generation 4,000 2,000 Liquefier and Pressurize Energy penalty (Cost increase by lowering of efficiency) Capture (3,500yen) Without CCS Storage from onshore base Cost of electricity of IGCC with CCS 0 0 Storage from ケース1 ケース2 Storage ケース 31 from Storage ケース 42 from ケース 53 ケ offshore base onshore base offshore base ( 輸送無 0km) (1259km) ( 輸送無 (1074km) 0km) (1259km) (704km) (120km) (1074km) (1 ( Cost of CO 2 分離 回収エネルギーペナルティ分離 回収液化 昇圧エネルギーペナルティ輸送液化 昇圧貯留

10 CFBC IGCC PC Boiler 6. CO 2 Capture Technologies Post Combustion CO 2 Capture Developed by Private Companies Oxy-fuel CO 2 Capture Private Company development supported by METI Pre Combustion CO 2 Capture (Chemical or Physical) CO 2 Membrane Separation Oxy-IGCC Chemical Looping NEDO Development With Capture Unit Without Capture Unit 10

11 6.1 Development CO 2 Capture Technology Reduction of Efficiency Loss of Power Generation with Carbon Capture IGCC PC (USC) A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 Base condition : IGCC (Without CO 2 capture) (Dry gas treatment) Loss: 2 points (Recover 90% of CO 2 ) Loss: 6 points (Recover 90% of CO 2 ) Loss: 7 points (Recover 90% of CO 2 ) Loss: 9 points (Recover 90% of CO 2 ) A-1) Conventional CO 2 Capture(Amine) [ref: DOE/NETLReport 2010] A-2) EAGLE Chemical adsorption A-3) EAGLE Physical adsorption A-4) Oxy-IGCC B-1 B-2 Target:Reduction of CO 2 capture cost Base condition : PC(USC) ( Without CO 2 capture ) Loss: 0 points (Recover 100% of CO 2 ) Loss: 9 points ( Recover 90% of CO 2 ) B-1) Conventional CO 2 Capture(Amine) [ref: DOE/NETLReport 2010] B-2) Chemical Looping 11

12 6.2 Development of Carbon Capture Technology (EAGLE STEP-2 & 3) Physical adsorption EAGLE Pilot Plant (150 tons/day) CO 2 Separation facilities Gas purifier Air separation facilities Gasifier (150 tons/day) Chemical adsorption Gas turbine house (8 MW) STEP 1 ( ) STEP 2 ( ) STEP 3 ( ) - Oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier was developed - Gas cleanup technology was established - CO 2 capture technology (chemical absorption) was developed - Coal type diversification (high ash fusion temperature coal) was carried out - Development of CO 2 capture technology (physical absorption) 12

13 6.4 Development of CO 2 capture technology Chemical/Physical Absorption (EAGLE Stage-2 & 3) Method of CO 2 Capture Net Thermal Efficiency Loss of Efficiency With CO 2 Capture (Recovery Rate: 90%) Without CO 2 Capture 45.6% Chemical Absorption Heat Regeneration (conventional) Heated Flash Regeneration (newly-developed) 34.8% 10.8% 38.2% 7.4% Physical Absorption 39.2% 6.4% (With a 1,500ºC class gas turbine) Improvement: 3.4 points Further Improvement: 1.0 point A drastic reduction in loss of efficiency for CO 2 capture was achieved. It will be studied whether the cost of CO 2 capture can be reduced from USD 0.03/kWh to USD 0.02/kWh. (Higher Heating Value Basis) 13

14 6.5 Oxy-fuel IGCC IGCC with CO 2 capture which has no CO 2 capture unit nor shift reactor. Target net thermal efficiency is 42% with CO 2 capture. (Loss of efficiency is 2 points for CO 2 capture) The cost for CO 2 capture could be reduced from USD 0.03/kWh to 0.02/kWh. Syn Gas Combustor GT ST G Power Gasifier Coal CO: 66% H 2 : 24% CO 2 : 5% O 2 CO 2 recycle CO 2 GT: Gas Turbine ST: Steam Turbine G: Generator O 2 CO 2 recycle CO 2 capture Recover 100% of CO 2 Establishment of Technology: in

15 6.6 Chemical Looping Combustion A technology for middle-sized coal-fired power stations (100 MW MW). Neither air separation unit nor CO 2 capture unit is required. Target net thermal efficiency is 46% with CO 2 capture. (No loss of efficiency for CO 2 capture) The cost for CO 2 capture could be reduced from USD 0.04/kWh to 0.02/kWh. Steam (for Power Generation) Metal oxide reactor Air N 2 MO X Coal MO X N 2 HRSG Cyclone HRSG Cyclone Coal combustor Steam N 2 : (98%, dry) CO 2 : (98%, dry) HRSG: Heat Recovery Steam Generator MO X-1 Establishment of Technology: in

16 16 7. Conclusion 1. Reduction of CO 2 capture is important challenge in the case of CCS which CO 2 is resaved in the aquifer or in the case of CCUS which CO 2 is used and sold. 2. NEDO has carried out the reduction of capture cost of 30% from the coal firing power plant. 3. We continuously take effort for cost down of CO 2 capture and contribute for CCS or CCUS to realization of the important choice for the global warming measures.