MEXT Nuclear Energy R&D

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1 Tokyo, 1 th November 2011 MEXT Nuclear Energy R&D Masaaki NISHIJO Director, Office for Nuclear Fuel Cycles, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) 1

2 Future Nuclear Energy Policy In reaction to the accident at Fukushima No.1 Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company, the energy policy including nuclear power will be decided at the Energy and Environment Council in alignment with principles of the New Strategic Energy Plan and the New Framework for Nuclear Energy Policy Jul 2011 Atomic Energy Commission Energy and Environment Council Advisory Committee for Energy and Natural Resources Interim Coordination (Nuclear: Securing high safety and lowering dependence on nuclear power) Dec 2011 Interim Coordination (calculate cost of nuclear fuel cycle) Draw up basic policy (end of 2011) Basic attitude of best mix around 2012 Spring Interim Report (nuclear fuel cycle and FBR) Options of strategy (Mar 2012) Options of best mix around 2012 Summer Draw up New Framework for Nuclear Energy Policy Draw up Energy & Environment Policy Draw up New Strategic Energy Plan 2

3 Activity of MEXT regarding nuclear research, development and application in the immediate future Until direction of the Nuclear Energy Policy is foreseen in 2012 Summer, MEXT will act under principles shown below. 1.Strongly promote activities for restoration from nuclear disaster Environmental monitoring Developing decontamination techniques R&D for coping with the aftermath of the accident toward decommissioning etc 2.Keeping discussions of energy and nuclear policy in mind, implement activities that are required to secure nuclear safety, fundamental technology and human resources Consistently implement basic research and human resources development for nuclear energy Meanwhile, activities which are highly affected by the new policy such as FBR cycle are flexibly implemented with minimum budget 3.Consistently implement activities that contribute to green innovation allocate necessary budget for ITER Agreement, which is an international agreement 3

4 Nuclear Research, Development and Application Activities Activities toward restoration from nuclear disaster Strengthening of environmental monitoring Conduct environmental recovery works around the Fukushima Nuclear Power Station, monitoring over the land and sea in Fukushima Prefecture and the entire country for the health of children and public safety, aircraft monitoring and continuous development of radiation dose distribution maps through soil survey. Soil density map Development, evaluation and demonstration of decontamination technique Develop environment recovery technology by collecting information from inside and outside of the country, as well as develop technically evaluated highly feasible prescription, through verification test in model areas with the cooperation of the local authority. Decontamination test Basic research and human resources development which support safety Support R&D and human resources development at universities for enhancing the safety of nuclear energy and being prepared for nuclear accident. Research for handling the aftermath of the accident Along with the roadmaps made by public and private organizations, conduct necessary R&D to cope with the aftermath of the accident Example of toward decommissioning. secondary waste Activities of Nuclear R&D and Human Resources Development Basic research, Human resources Development Nuclear Basic Research Cultivation of Nuclear Human Resources Activities for peaceful use of nuclear energy Nuclear non-proliferation/safeguards initiative Cooperation to international organizations and Asian countries FBR cycle technology Fund for R&D for prototype FBR Monju Fund for R&D for practical use of FBR Activities toward radioactive waste disposal R&D of high-level radioactive waste disposal Activates for the R&D acceptable to the local community and obtaining public understanding Activities for the R&D acceptable to the local community Promotion of Green Innovation, others Implementation of ITER project Based on international agreement, implement ITER project which is indispensable for realization of fusion energy which has possibilities to solve energy and global environment problems at the same time. J-PARC 4

5 Enhancing R&D and Human Resources Development for Restoration from Nuclear Disaster Focus on R&D and Human Resource Development for early restoration of Fukushima No. 1 NPP shown below. (1) Technology development, evaluation and verification for establishing more effective and efficient decontamination technology. (2) R&D for coping with the aftermath of the accident toward decommissioning. (3) Enhancing nuclear safety, and conducting R&D and human resources development required to manage nuclear disaster. Especially (1) and (2) will be implemented mainly by tentatively called Fukushima International Environment and Safety Center which will be established in Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the only agency in Japan that has comprehensive R&D program on nuclear, making the most of its human resources and research facilities. Activities for establishing decontamination technology Develop environment recovery technology by collecting information from inside and outside of the country, as well as develop technically evaluated highly feasible prescription, through verification test in model areas with the cooperation of the local authority. Decontamination tests 1km 1km R&D for coping with the aftermath of the accident Along with the roadmaps made by public and private organizations, conduct necessary R&D to cope with the aftermath of the accident toward decommissioning.. (Examples of R&D) Understanding characteristics of secondary waste (zeolite and sludge) from contaminated water treatment. Establishing basic data for sever accident such as examination and review of accident progress behavior. Basic research and Human resources development Support efforts for enhancing safety of nuclear energy and resolving new challenges such as development of knowledge and human resources at research institutions including universities, as well as broaden the base of nuclear energy. (Example of basic research) Investigation of the corrosion mechanism of the material of fuel cladding at the molecular level. Development of new measures to evaluate/predict fuel behavior at the time of accident. (Example of human resources development) Lectures/training on radiation measuring technique of broad ranging environmental samples. Cultivation of risk communicators in the field of nuclear energy. Evaluation tests for extracted cesium processing Example of secondary waste Emission behavior test of nuclear material Corrosion of cladding 5 Training facility

6 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) Cycle Technology As Japan has few energy resources, securing long-term stable energy supply is a crucial issue for the basis of our country s existence. FBR contributes to supplying long-term stable energy * 1 and reducing HLW * 2 *1: tens of times more effective use of uranium compared to that of LWR *2: reducing the specific volume per unit electricity generated about a quarter compared to that of once-through use in LWR Aiming for international standardization of Japanese technology, our FBR technology is of significance ensuring international competitiveness against France (GEN IV fast reactor (FR) is scheduled to start operation in 2020), China (experimental FR started generating electricity in 2011) and India (actively promoting R&D of FBRs) Major Activities Regarding a prototype fast reactor Monju, we are addressing the improvement of safety measures based on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident and will respond flexibly in accordance with the review of Japan s energy policy. Regarding Fast Reactor Cycle Technology Development (FaCT) project, R&D activities except for necessary actions such as maintenance are suspended. Experimental FR Joyo Prototype FBR Monju FaCT Project Plutonium Fuel Production Facility producing MOX fuel for Monju and conducting related R&Ds The Japan Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) (graphic image) 6

7 2. Plant Summary Feature: Monju produces more fuel (Pu) than it consumes Japan s first FBR at R&D stage Construction cost: Approx. 600billion JPY Operation cost: Approx billion JPY (as of 2010 FY) Location: Tsuruga, Fukui prefecture Electrical Output: 280MW (General power plant s output is 1000MW) Role: Essential nuclear power plant for commercial use in the transitional stage from experimentation to commercial 3. History of Monju April 1994: August 1995: Dec. 1995: May 2010: July 2010: August 2010: Dec. 2010: June 2011: Fast Breeder Reactor MONJU 1. Purpose Monju plays a key role of FBR technology. Monju is expected to complete its missions: reliability demonstration as a power plant and establishment of sodium handling technology through the operating experience Initial criticality First connection to the grid Sodium leak accident Restart of System Start Up Test (SST) Completion of Core Confirmation Test (CCT) Drop of In-Vessel Transfer Machine (IVTM) Announcement of SST schedule based on IVTM repair work Completion of IVTM withdrawal 4. Current Status of Monju and Future Plan - Overhaul inspection of IVTM - Tackling of safety measures after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident -R&D development of FBRs including Monju will be studied based on the future revision of nuclear and energy policies Fuel: Plutonium-Uranium mixed oxide (MOX fuel) Reactor Vessel Container Vessel IHX Control rods Sodium has been used as the coolant, an excellent heat transfer capability Primary sodium Heat is carried away to the secondary system coolant (sodium) SG Steam Secondary sodium Turbine Generator Sea water The steam goes to the turbine 7

8 Promotion of ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)Project and BA(Broader Approach) Activities Promote the ITER project and the BA Activities under the international agreement (treaty approved in the Diet) toward the practical realization of fusion energy as ultimate energy of mankind. ITER Project:feasibility demonstration of scientific and technical aspects through construction and operation of the ITER BA Activities:advanced fusion energy research and development for supplement ITER toward ITER Project Agreement:went into effect 24 th of October, 2007 Parties:Japan, EU, USA, Russia, China, Korea India Site:Cadarache, France Fusion Power:500MW (No electric generation is required) DG of ITER:Dr.Osamu Motojima (from 28 th of July,2010) Cost share of each party(construction phase): EU Japan USA Korea China Russia India 45.5% 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% 9.1% Project (Plan): Construction:10 years, Operation:20yeaers, De-activation:5 years BA Activities Agreement:went into effect 1 st of June,2007 Parties:Japan and EU Site:Rokkasho Aomori and Naka Ibaraki Total cost: 92 BLN, and half is borne by EU Project:10 years (rate as of March, 2005) Implementation Project 1The International Fusion Energy Research Centre DEMO Design R&D coordination Centre ITER Remote Experimentation Centre Computational Simulation Centre 2The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility 3The Satellite Tokamak Programme (Support ITER by implementation of preliminary experiment) 8

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