Irrigation Design (1) IHD302
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1 Irrigation Design (1) IHD302 Instructors : 1-Prof Dr. Kamal Abou Alhasan 2- Dr. Ashraf Saad 3- Dr. Soha Elayoty 4- Dr. Mohamed Attia 5- Dr. Hany Gomaa Topics Design of irrigation system Design of Bridge Design of Escapes Design of Culvert Design of Syphon and R.W. Design of Aqueduct Canal Lining Number of Lectures
2
3 Design of Irrigation System The common goal for all the developing countries is to increase the agricultural production. This goal can only be achieved through a combined program of verticaland horizontalexpansion
4 Vertical Expansion Improvement in the agricultural inputs such as: Water Fertilizers Pesticides Seeds agricultural practices Machinery Removal of all institutional and policy constraints
5 Horizontal Expansion This can be achieved through Desert land which is constrained by the availability of water, capital, labor, and land resources
6 The Irrigation system It is the infrastructure responsible for irrigation process The Drainage system It is the infrastructure responsible for drain (get rid of) excess water not used in the irrigation process
7 Photos
8 The irrigation system generally consists of the following elements: Water Source Conveyance Elements Upland reclamation land low reclamation land (pump station, canals, (canals scheme) pipe line)
9 Water Source: Surface water (river-lake) Ground water (pumping wellsprings) Reusable water (agricultural drainage-industrial-domestic-waste water) desalination
10 Conveyance elements : Canals Pipe lines
11
12 Storage facilities To increase the utilization of the rivers flow or any water source Dams Barrages
13 Control structures (regulators, weirs,intake) Energy providing elements (pumping station) Irrigation application equipments (surface,sprinkler, drip, centre pivot, )
14 To construct a new irrigation project Contour map Proposed crop pattern Source of water Source of drainage Climate Labor Cost Type of soil Source of energy Soil salinity Soil permeability Cut and fill work Existing building road way railways Drainage area
15 Steps for design 1. Site investigation 2. Canal and drain layout 3. Canal structures 4. Controlling and crossing structures 5. Design of canal and drain cross section
16 Steps for design 1. Site investigation 2. Canal and drain layout 3. Canal structures 4. Controlling and crossing structures 5. Design of canal and drain cross section
17 Steps for design 1. Site investigation 2. Canal and drain layout 3. Canal structures 4. Controlling and crossing structures 5. Design of canal and drain cross section
18 Classification of canals Main canal Branch canal Major distributaries Minor distributaries Major field distributaries Minor field distributaries
19 Classification of drains Minor field collector Major field collector Minor collector Major collector Branch drain Main drain
20 Classification of canals and drains Area length slope of side Served water surface slope
21 Canal Type Drain Type Area Served (feddans) Length (Km) Water Surface (cm/ Km) Main Canals Main Drains Over 50,000 Over Branch Branch 5,000 Canals Drains 50,000 Distributarie s Canal Collector Drains 1,000 5, Mesqas Field Drains Up to 20
22 Canal Side Slopes Material Side Slope Solid rock, cut section ¼:1 Loose rock or cemented gravel, cut Section ¾:1 Heavy clay, cut section 1:1 Heavy clay, fill section 2:1 Sand or silt with clay binder, cut or fill Section 1-1/2 :1
23 Canal layout According to contour lines land topography may be classified as: Flat (horizontal) Weavy Mild inclination Medium inclination Steep inclination Combined of all the above
24
25 Steps for design 1. Site investigation 2. Canal and drain layout 3. Canal structures 4. Controlling and crossing structures 5. Design of canal and drain cross section
26 Steps for design 1. Site investigation 2. Canal and drain layout 3. Canal structures 4. Controlling and crossing structures 5. Design of canal and drain cross section
27 Design of canal and drain cross section Main concepts: 1- flow is uniform (depth do not change in the reach of the canal slope of energy line, water surface, and canal bed are equal 2-the longitudinal grade follows the natural ground with 5-40 cm/km with maximum velocity 0.7 m/s for earth canal while cm/km with maximum velocity 1.50 for lined canals. 3-use straight horizontal alignments where ever practical
28 Design of canal and drain cross Q = section R 2/3 S 1/ 2 1) n 2) Q 3) S A n 1)B 2)y 3)A 4)P 5) R
29 1) Manning Roughness Coefficient (n) (dimensionless) Canal Type n Earth Earth - Clean Earth Gravelly Earth- Weedy Earth - Stony Concrete - Finished
30 2) Discharge (Q) m 3 /sec 1. Given certain values for the discharge (volume per certain time) 2. Given certain water duty and known area served (volume per certain time per certain area served) 3. Given the crop patterns and known area served (volume per time for certain crop per certain area served)
31 Solved example
32
33 1) n Design of canal and drain cross Q = section A n 2) Q R 2/3 S 1/ 2 3) S
34 Design of canal and drain Longitudinal Slope (S) Synoptic diagram It is a relationship between the distance,land level and water level Synoptic =Profile+ water levels 1. Canal Longitudinal Slope (Canal synoptic diagram) 2. Drain Longitudinal Slope (Canal synoptic diagram)
35 Rotation System Design of drains and canal cross sections
36 Typical cross sec and free boards
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