Agriculture Advancements and Cellulosic Ethanol
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1 Agriculture Advancements and Cellulosic Ethanol Steve Barr DuPont Engineering Research and Technology NSF FEW Workshop Arlington, VA December 7, 2015 Copyright 2015 DuPont. All rights reserved 1
2 DuPont FEW Efforts DuPont Pioneer Water use Nutrient management Yield improvements DuPont Industrial BioSciences Enzymes for enhanced first generation biofuel production Cellulosic ethanol
3 Water is a limiting factor for global agriculture 1 out of 6 people have insufficient fresh water to meet their primary needs for consumption Agriculture uses 70% of fresh water - in developing countries, it may be as much as 80-90% Global annual impact of drought on maize: Financial: >$13 b/yr, Yield losses: 15% Annually, drought affects: 85% of North American maize Sources: UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, WRI, ISAAA Brief 39, 2008; FAO, PHII 2011
4 Optimum AQUAmax Yield Advantage Water Limiting Environments % Difference MT/ha 90 bu/a No. Comparisons
5 Minimal leaf-rolling June, 2011 Nuckolls County NE Pioneer brand Optimum AQUAmax product P1151HR Competitive Check V11 stage dryland corn Herculex I Insect Protection technology by Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred. Herculex and the HX logo are registered trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Liberty, LibertyLink and the Water Droplet Design are trademarks of Bayer. Roundup Ready is a registered trademark used under license from Monsanto Company. 5
6 Improving Nitrogen Use Trait Technology Increase yield through improved nitrogen use efficiency, targeting: Nitrogen uptake, Nitrogen storage and remobilization Root architecture. Goal: increase productivity across a range of nitrogen levels - Gene Output Traits (ethanol + Gene / feed) - Gene + Gene
7 Improving Nitrogen Use Rate, Timing, Type, Placement Sensors aligned over corn rows Diagnose crop needs on the fly And provide variable rate application Achieves top end yield and low GHG emissions / high N utilization
8 NUE Context Crop-available nitrogen is difficult to predict Only 50-60% of applied N actually being used by the crop; the remainder is either leached, turned to gas or tied up by soil microbes 8
9 Fertilizer Trends 1960 to Present U.S. Total Nitrogen Use By Year ,000 Nutrient Tons USDA ERS - Fertilizer Use and Price
10 Increased productivity and good stewardship Field to Market (2012). Environmental and Socioeconomic Indicators for Measuring Outcomes of On-Farm Agricultural Production for corn in the United States, Summary Report: Second Report (Version 2)," Revised December 2012,
11 Sustainability - Products and Services Encirca SM View Real-Life Decisions in Real-Time - NUE Gene + NUE Gene Superior Genetics Agronomic GM Traits Agronomic Services
12 Productivity in Agriculture and Ethanol Production 190% 180% 170% 160% gal/bu bu/acr gal/acre 150% 140% 130% 120% 110% 100% Copyright 2015 DuPont. All rights reserved
13 Corn Ethanol Production Improvements Nat Gas / Gal Gal Water / Gal kwh / Gal Gal / bu corn Taken from : University of Illinois-Chicago, Argonne National Lab, USDA
14 Example: Enzyme innovation continue to drive productivity improvements Grain Ethanol In the Past DuPont Performance System Liquefaction Enzymes Dissolve starch Reduce Viscosity SPEZYME RSL More robust Saccharification Enzymes Starch to Sugar DISTILLASE CS WB More activities to get to fuller conversion FERMGEN 2.5X Oil recovery OPTIMASH Trehalase Yield increase Lower total sugar left OPTIMASH Phytase Supports other enzyme Reduces fouling
15 The Future of 1 st Generation Ethanol Mainstream: ethanol is becoming fuel, not only biofuel Global Ethanol Demand Forecast Credit Suisse July 2014 A growing market & industry Supplied with increasing productivity from field to fuel tank Driven by technology improvements Commodity Cyclicality Reference: Exhibit 1 from Global Ethanol Markets ; Credit Suisse; July 11, 2014
16 DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol FEEDSTOCK ü Non-food biomass ü Collected from local farms CONVERSION ü Pre-processing ü Fermentation ü Recovery DISTRIBUTION ü Ethanol for transportation fuels ü Ethanol for laundry formulations ü Lignin co-products for energy
17 DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol in Iowa
18 Corn Stover Baling 12/16/15 DuPont Confidential 18
19 DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol Life Cycle Assessment Greenhouse Gas Footprint 12/16/15 DuPont Confidential 19
20 The Future of 2 nd Generation Ethanol: Global Biofuels Feedstocks and Opportunity US: Corn Stover EU: Straw & Energy Crop China: Corn Stover US: Energy Crops China: Energy Crop ASEAN: EFB South America: Bagasse & Straw
21 Suggested FEW Research Summary Great strides have been made to get to the current state of agriculture and biofuels There is room for further improvements Water use Nutrient use efficiency First generation biofuel production improvements Cellulosic biofuel production is just getting started Similar improvement curves to first generation ethanol are likely, with continued research Sustainable biomass harvesting guidelines
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