Biogas Production From Raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using A Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor

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1 Biogas Production From Raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using A Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor By Chinnapong Wangnai, PhD. Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI) King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) Biogas Technology: Status and Trend in Asia May 2011 The Windsor Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand

2 Presentation Outline: Introduction Objectives Experiment Set-up Results and Discussion Conclusion

3 Introduction: Palm Oil Industry: Thailand Thailand: Palm Oil Industry Statistics 1, Harvest Area; CPO Production 1, FFB Yield Year Harvest Area (x1000 ha) FFB Yield (tons/ha) CPO Production (x1000 tons/year) Ref: Office of Agricultural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, 2005

4 Introduction: Palm Oil Industry: Thailand > 60 palm oil mills Wet processing mill High water consumption High water discharged

5 Introduction: Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Fresh fruit bunches sterilisation Sterilisation Steam Empty fruit bunches Bunch stripping Fruits digestion Palm oil mill POME effluent POME discharged m 3 /ton FFB Boiler Oil extraction solid residues handling purification Oil Fibres Shells Nuts Kernels Crude palm oil

6 Introduction: Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Dark-brownish Low ph High COD&BOD High SS High O&G High Temperature

7 Introduction: POME Treatment Systems Anaerobic ponds/opened pond system

8 Introduction: POME Treatment Systems Anaerobic ponds/opened pond system

9 Introduction: POME Treatment Systems Closed anaerobic digester tank - CSTR

10 Introduction: High-Rate Anaerobic Reactors Anaerobic contact reactor (AC) Anaerobic Filter (AF) Anaerobic Fixed-Film reactor (AFF) Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR) AFF + UASB

11 Research Motivation: Practical wastewater treatment system: Easy to operate and maintain - No need of pre-treatment system - Capable to convert high SS and O&G contents to biogas 80% COD removal 0.5 m 3 biogas/kg COD removed Low capital cost

12 Objectives: To assess the feasibility of an AHR combining fixed-film and sludge bed reactors in treating raw POME: start-up To evaluate the AHR efficiency in terms of COD reduction and biogas production

13 Experiment set-up: Pilot-scale AHR back-wash biogas moisture trap biogas sampling port vent biogas meter effluent media sludge POME

14 Experiment set-up: Pilot-scale AHR Coated-metal sheet tank Total volume: 7 m3 Working volume: 6 m3

15 Experiment set-up: Pilot-scale AHR

16 Experiment set-up: Packing Media Packing Media Type: Plastic screens Specific Surface Area: 100 m 2 m -3

17 Experiment set-up: Feedstock - POME

18 Experiment set-up: POME Characteristics Parameter Unit Amount ph Alkalinity mg L ,000 Total Volatile Acids mg L -1 2,200-3,000 Total COD mg L -1 66,420-81,450 Soluble COD mg L -1 33,500-41,500 BOD mg L -1 33,000-41,000 TKN mg L ,000 Total Phosphorus mg L Oil & Grease mg L -1 4,700-5,500 TS mg L -1 49,000-56,000 SS mg L -1 28,000-38,000 VSS mg L -1 26,000-35,000

19 Experiment set-up: Seed Sludge Anaerobic pond sludge

20 Experiment set-up: Seed Sludge

21 Experiment set-up: Reactor Operation Influent: raw POME (no pre-treatment) Feeding pattern: Upflow & semi-continuous Stepwise OLR increasing Reactor performance monitoring: - Reactor stability; ph, ALK, TVA - COD & SS reduction efficiency - Biogas production & contents

22 Experiment set-up: Analytical Methods ph, COD, TS and SS: Standard Methods (APHA) Alkalinity and TVA: Titration method (Anderson & Yang, 1992) Biogas contents: IR sensors

23 Results and Discussion:

24 Results and Discussion:

25 Results and Discussion: Organic Removal

26 Results and Discussion: Biogas Production

27 Results and Discussion: Biofilm

28 Results and Discussion: Biofilm

29 Conclusion: The AHR using plastic screens as packing media could be applied as economic wastewater treatment and biogas production system for palm oil industry. Long-term operation efficiency and scum accumulation should be investigated.

30 To be continued 5000 m 3 full-scale AHR study

31 Any Questions?

32 Thank you for your attention Chinnapong Wangnai, PhD. Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian) 49 Soi Thian Thale 25, Bang Khun Thian Chai Thale Road, Tha Kham, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand Phone: Fax: chinnapong@pdti.kmutt.ac.th

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