Toronto & Region Conservation Authority. July 30, The Drake Landing Solar Community

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1 Toronto & Region Conservation Authority July 30, 2008 The Drake Landing Solar Community - Seasonal Energy Storage in Action Okotoks, Alberta Bill Wong, P.Eng. SAIC Canada 7/31/2008 1

2 No leveling off in sight 7/31/ Source: EIA - DOE

3 ENERGY OUTLOOK Huge increases in demand in the Far East (China, India) Vulnerability of supply disruptions (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Nigeria, Venezuela) Concerns about supply capacities from existing reservoirs Bigger reservoirs are becoming harder to find and more expensive to develop A 20 year global forecast from US-DOE indicates: 60% growth in energy consumption 45% increase in coal use 58% increase in oil consumption 93% increase in natural gas use 7/31/2008 3

4 Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage One of the many tools in energy management. Solar thermal is one of the heat sources. 7/31/2008 4

5 Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage Comparing how much sun we get here vs. Miami. Solar Radiation on Slope=Latitude Miami Toronto Monthly total solar in GJ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec May September 100% April September 96% 7/31/2008 5

6 7/31/2008 6

7 7/31/2008 7

8 Residential Energy Use Residential Energy End-Use 0.7% 21.9% 13.3% 4.2% 59.9% Space heating Space DHW heating Space cooling Hot water Appliances Space cooling Lighting Appliances lighting End-Use Energy Data Handbook , NRCan, June /31/2008 8

9 Rocky Mountains Turner Valley Black Diamond Sheep River The Calgary Region Okotoks 7/31/2008 9

10 The Sheep River 7/31/

11 Why Okotoks? Sustainable Community Plan Necessity, Desire, Willingness, Commitment 7/31/

12 Drake Landing Solar Community Objectives Demonstrate the technical feasibility of achieving substantial fuel energy savings using seasonal storage of solar energy for residential space heating. 7/31/

13 Drake Landing Solar Community First solar seasonal storage community in North America; First in world >90% solar fraction; Reduction of 5 tonnes GHG per home per year Largest subdivision of R single family homes in Canada (52 homes). 7/31/

14 Project Time Line Technology Study & Conceptual Design Detailed Design parametric studies; controls and operation. Construction April 2003 March 2004 Mid 2004 Early 2005 March 2005 start District system commissioning Homeowners started moving in Solar energy system commissioning Feb March 2006 Fall 2006 June /31/

15 Simplified Schematic 7/31/

16 7/31/

17 7/31/

18 The Energy Centre 7/31/

19 Solar Performance Annual Solar Resource: 6.1 GJ/m 2 (1690 kwh/m 2 ) Solar Collector Area: 2300 m 2 Solar Peak Output: 1.5 MW th Annual Collector Efficiency: 29% Solar Delivered to Storage: 1.6 GJ/m 2 (455 kwh/m 2 ) Solar Delivered to Load: 1.0 GJ/m 2 (284 kwh/m 2 ) 7/31/

20 PV Emergency Power System 3.6 kw array on roof of Energy Centre 27 kwh battery bank plus inverters Provides back-up power to prevent overheating of glycol if power lost on sunny day Power fed to loads during normal operation 7/31/

21 Thermal Storage Short Term Storage: Seasonal Storage: m 3 (31,700 gal) insulated water tanks 144 boreholes, single U-tube 35 m deep X 35 m diameter Soil Volume: 33,700 m 3 Water Equiv: 15,800 m 3 7/31/

22 Borehole Thermal Energy Storage 7/31/

23 Energy Centre and Borehole Field 7/31/

24 Thermal Energy Distribution 7/31/

25 R-2000 Homes & Air Handler Unit 7/31/

26 Air Handler Unit 7/31/

27 Ownership Model Owned and operated by local utility (ATCO Gas) Energy meters installed in each home with outside readout. Digital hand held devices used to record monthly consumption Fixed monthly payments ($60/mth) for first 5 years Above average energy users charged extra at year end Below average energy users qualify for rebate at year end (up to 20%) 7/31/

28 Ten Year Solar Performance Solar Fraction Fraction of Load Year Solar Fraction STES Fraction BTES Fraction 7/31/

29 Drake Landing Solar Community 7/31/

30 Annual GHG Emissions in Tonnes per Home Space Heating Hot Water Total Baseline R Solar + R Project Impact /31/

31 7/31/

32 Drake Landing Project Team: Natural Resources Canada SAIC Canada IF Technology International Enermodal Engineering National Solar Testing Facility Thermal Energy Systems Specialist Howell & Mayhew Engineering FVB Energy Hurst Construction Management EnerWorks Nu-Air Golder & Associates JL Richards Town of Okotoks ATCO Gas United Communities Sterling Homes TOTAL TEAM EFFORT! Technical Steering Committee: Frank Cruickshanks,, EC Tang Lee, University of Calgary Chris Snoek, NRCan Steve Harrison, Queen s University Wil Mayhew, NRCan Jan-Olaf Dalenback,, Chalmers University Manfred Reuss,, ZAE Bayern 7/31/

33 Drake Landing Project Cash Funding Partners: Natural Resources Canada Green Municipal Fund (FCM) Province of Alberta Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC) Climate Change Central ATCO Gas United Communities Sterling Homes Many organizations with in-kind contribution to make this project happen. 7/31/

34 BTES Requirements BTES systems can be designed to work almost anywhere that a suitable aquifer for an ATES system is not found. Ideal Geological Conditions: Low permeability promotes conduction of heat rather than convection. High porosity, saturated high water content results in a high heat capacity. Homogeneous material uniform radial diffusion of heat. Moderate thermal conductivity aids the transfer of heat into the subsurface store. If above do not exist; if rocks are highly fractured or there is a high permeability aquifer, consider an ATES system. 7/31/

35 A few observations: Solar seasonal energy storage can be integrated with subdivision development; Low temperature district heating is workable in Canada (low exergy systems); Start sustainable community planning early; Land developer, homebuilder, utility operator and municipal government co-operation operation is key; and ATES could provide both heating and cooling if there is a suitable aquifer. 7/31/

36 7/31/

37 Future Work Required Larger scale projects 200 to 1000 units Higher density load applications Larger scale collector modules building integrated Improved borehole designs concentric More efficient storage medium advanced thermo-chemical storage Community energy planning 7/31/

38 Community Energy Planning Energy Profiles of Our Buildings.. 7/31/

39 Community Energy Mapping SUMMER Heating Cooling Energy Intensity (GJ/m 2 ) WINTER Heating Cooling 7/31/ Townhouses Apartments Office Retail

40 Considerations in Community Energy Mapping: 1. Estimate heating and cooling loads in summer and winter; 2. Work with existing energy resources in the community; 3. Balance annual energy flow taking into account of storage losses and delivery efficiencies; and 4. Bring in renewable energy to balance and to reduce energy import into the community. 7/31/

41 We are just at the beginning Bill Wong P.Eng Program Manager Renewable Energy and Climate Change Program SAIC Canada (613) ext 333 7/31/

42 Sustainable Okotoks We didn t inherit the Earth from our parents. We re borrowing it from our children Chief Seattle ( ) Leaving a Legacy 7/31/

43 7/31/

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