EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN INDIA THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ENERGY USE. Dr Gouri Datta (Delhi University, India) Presentation no
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1 EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN INDIA THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ENERGY USE Dr Gouri Datta (Delhi University, India) Presentation no
2 The Beast of Burden & A Burden.The Rural Indian Woman Victim of Social Evils She s Just A Girl! Someone Else s Property The Beast of Burden... It is still commonplace in many households in Rural India that the Girl Child is perceived as a burden! With social evils such as Dowry & infant mortality persisting, household work consisting of hard physical labour & with environmental conditions (in which she operates everyday) not remotely meeting the basic safety norms The Indian woman has turned in to A Beast of Burden
3 1.2 billion people living on an equivalent of $ 1 /day 70% of them are Women A Matter of Billions. Approximately 2 Billion people throughout the world rely on traditional fuels
4 Cooking Gas : Efficiency ~65% The ENERGY Ladder LPG (India) 5% Kerosene : Efficiency ~50% Kerosene (India) 14 % Wood, Dung & Other Bio Mass Efficiency ~15% Traditional Fuels : Wood, Waste & Cow dung (India) 81% The ENERGY Ladder SOME INTERESTING POINTS : - Developed Countries on an average consume between 5 to 10 times of Household Energy than Developing Countries India s Household Fuel Consumption is less than 5 GJ/ Year 625 Million people in India do not have to access to modern cooking fuels The usage of Bio Gas in India is limited to only 0.5 % (of it s overall fuel consumption) Using wood, dung & biomass leads to deforestation, soil erosion and environmental pollution
5 Spend ~4 Hours in Household Chores/Day : Fodder & Firewood Collection: 2.9 hours Misc. Work: 1.3 Hours Fact file on the Sexes Spend over 8 Hours in Household Chores Day: Fodder & Firewood Collection: 4.4 hours Cooking: 2 Hours Spending time with Children: 0.7 Hours Misc. Work: 1.7 Hours
6 The DEVIL Within The most poisonous and polluted atmosphere is not found in big cities like Delhi or Mumbai but in... inside the kitchens of homes in rural India Indoor air pollution causes 1.6 million deaths per year in developing countries around the world (500,000 no. of deaths in India, 90% children under age of five)
7 The Devil s Work Continued In India, pollution levels in households can be 500 times the international safety norms Around 450 million are affected with chronic and severe health problems Some health problems Most Common : Headaches (50%), & Neck aches (80%) Fairly Common : Bruises, Backaches,Skin problems & Eye Sores Others : Chronic Respiratory problems and even Cancers in advanced cases
8 Mantra 1 : Improve existing energy sources - To take an example, Improved cook stoves removes smoke through chimneys and improve both efficiencies and conditions - 40% reduction of pollutants - Cost $5-10 Mission Possible: On the road to Empowerment
9 Mantra 2: Using existing energy sources in an alternative but more efficient manner For Example: One can use Biomass for a Gasifier or to produce Biogas which would result in -Cleaner utilization of fuels - Effective utilization of electricity / Production of biogas - A much cleaner cooking environment Mantra 3: Transition of Energy Usage by Shifting up the Energy Ladder leading to Energy conservation Example: When an effort is being made to move up the Energy ladder by Substituting A kerosene lamp by a 16 watt CFL Lamp: - Fuel use is reduced by nearly 90 per cent - The Lighting is improved - No Emissions
10 Mantra 4: Using Newer Alternatives & Renewable Sources of Energy - Examples: Using renewable energy like a small Solar panel with CFL lamp for lighting / solar lantern - Solar Cookers for pollution free cooking Mantra 5: Budget for Gender - Enhance the employment opportunities for women - Promotion of local resources - Continuation of current programs - Provide special trainings and special fellowships for Women - Capacity building and assistance to manage energy programs - Widen access to rural electrification, including decentralized programs - Launching mass education programmes especially for the girl child - Use of media and electronic communication to educate the public and raise awareness
11 The EMPOWERMENT Mantra The One Km Promise: Reducing drudgery for women & increasing time for alternate/productive work Energy Priority Mapping: Focus energy planning on poor people s need. The right energy choice =provision for technology Expanding Energy Choice & Price Stabilization: Expansion & Stabilization across domestic, micro & small businesses
12 Light at the End of the Tunnel - Consequences of Improved Energy Services What? - More Income How? - Income from energy related productivity gains - Extending the working day through lighting Effect? - Improved Status in Household Energy - Empowerment Expanding Energy Choice & Price Stabilization: Expansion & Stabilization across domestic, micro & small businesses What? - Increased Well Being How? - Improved household & street lighting - Improvement in fuels & stoves & reduced burden on fuel collection & processing - Improvement & better access to services such as Health, Education & the Information Technology Effect? - Reduced Pollution & Improved Health Standards - Empowerment through access to TV, Radio, - Reduction in time consuming tasks and more time at hand to spend with children
13 What? - Reduced Vulnerability How? - Improved Overall Security (Better Lighting for Communities) - Improved Health conditions - Better Income due to more productivity - Time to build a better future for the Children Effect? - Reduced Stress as more time in hand, better productivity and better health for women and children leading to a happier life Expanding Energy Choice & Price Stabilization: Expansion & Stabilization across domestic, micro & small businesses Light at the End of the Tunnel - Consequences of Improved Energy Services
14 THANK YOU & HERE S TO AN EMPOWERED TOMORROW! THANK YOU. & TO AN EMPOWERED TOMMOROW
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