Climate Change Pupil Notes
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1 Climate Change Pupil Notes Page 1 SCN 3-05b
2 Climate Change This will be a brief introduction to some of the issues surrounding Climate Change such as: Greenhouse Gases & the Greenhouse Effect Burning of Fossil Fuels * Some heat from sun reflected * Greenhouse gases absorb heat * Carbon Dioxide, Methane & Water * Increased Carbon Dioxide caused by people * Coal, Oil & Gas * Plants & Animals absorbed carbon while alive * Millions of years ago Alternative Energy Sources * Now burned to release Carbon Dioxide, CO 2 * Solar Panels & Solar Cells * Wind Turbines * Wood Burning * Others (as taught in Energy Sources ) Page 2 SCN 3-05b
3 Saving Energy * Insulation * Food Miles * Hybrid cars Impacts of Climate Change * Low Energy Light Bulbs * Droughts & Flooding * Melting Ice Caps * Rising Sea-Levels * Risks to Biodiversity Rather than learning specific outcomes you will be expected to be able to produce a short piece of extended writing on one of the issues above and are encouraged to plan accordingly. Page 3 SCN 3-05b
4 A B C AWARENESS BOILERS CARBON EMISSIONS Climate Change is a greater threat to the world than International Terrorism Central Heating boilers can account for over 60 % of household emissions Carbon Dioxide is the main Greenhouse Gas. The amount of Carbon Dioxide you produce is called your Carbon Footprint. D DESTABILISATION Rising Sea Levels, Crop Failures and Flooding are possible results of change. E EDUCATION Are the younger generation being well served by their Teachers or will they have to educate themselves about Climate Change? F G FOOD GREEN ⅓ of emissions are from Food Miles. To reduce Food Miles we should buy locally produced food. Having a greater awareness of Nature and the Environment is being Green. H I J K L M HYBRID CAR ICE JORDAN KYOTO LIGHT BULB METHANE As well as a Petrol Engine this uses an Electric Motor which takes over at lower speeds. Arctic Ice has reduced by 40 % since 1970 s and could lead to rising sea levels. Jordan is a DEFRA Climate Change Champion. (Department Environment, Food & Rural Affairs) This was where most of the leading nations in the world agreed to reduce their emissions. Energy Saving light bulbs last up to 12 times longer and use 75 % less electricity. Methane is the another important Greenhouse Gas and 100 million burping cows produce a lot! Page 4 SCN 3-05b
5 N O NATURAL DISASTERS OCEANS We are experiencing more Natural Disasters than ever before. Poorer countries in particular are suffering. Oceans cover over 70 % of the Worlds surface and rising sea levels could have a major effect. P Q R S T U V POLAR BEARS QUESTIONS RECYCLE SOLAR PANEL TRANSPORT UNBELIEVABLE VEHICLES Polar Bears are just one of many animals (and plants) that could become extinct. What do I need to know? It is no longer acceptable to bury all our waste in the ground or dump at sea, we must Recycle. Solar Panels can capture the heat from the sun or light can be converted into electricity. Travelling by car has to be reduced and air travel should be avoided wherever possible Many people still do not accept Climate Change but may find the unbelievable comes true. The increasing use of large 4 x 4 vehicles by town dwellers is under attack by Greens W WIND The wind can be used to turn Turbines to produce electricity. This is Renewable Energy. X Y Z extreme YOU ZERO TOLERANCE There could be extreme consequences caused by Climate Change. What can I do? Walk more, switch off lights and never leave appliances on stand-by. Zero Tolerance and force people to change or rely on educating and persuading people to change? Page 5 SCN 3-05b
6 Fossil Fuels are the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The carbon they absorbed during life is now being released through the burning of these fuels. Much of the heat that hits the Earth is reflected back into space. Gases in the atmosphere absorb and retain some of this heat keeping the Earth warmer. The GREENHOUSE EFFECT. Kyoto, in Japan, is where many of the leading countries in the world agreed to reduce their emissions. They aimed to reduce Greenhouse Gases by an average of 5% each year. Though we talk about Carbon emissions we really mean the gas Carbon Dioxide. This is produced when Fossil Fuels containing carbon are burnt. There are other Greenhouse gases but CO 2 is the problem Page 6 SCN 3-05b
7 Older computer chips were designed to run hot. The rest of the computer needed protecting from the heat so noisy fans are used to push the heat away. This wastes a lot of energy. A lot of water is stored as ice at the North & South poles. The melting of the ice caps could lead to rises in sea levels. At the moment, the ice also helps to reflect heat back into space. Office equipment accounts for about 15% of the energy used in UK. Even though PC s can be put to sleep they are still using energy and it would be better if they were switched off when not used. Food is now transported all round the World to satisfy demands for fresh food all year round. All the fuel burnt to transport the food would not be used if people bought more food locally. There are two kinds of Solar panels. Thermal panels absorb heat and produce hot water. PV panels absorb light and can produce electricity. They are expensive to buy and install. Page 7 SCN 3-05b
8 PV stands for PhotoVoltaic, photo = light and voltaic = electricity. PV panels absorb light and can produce electricity. They contain silicon, a semiconductor, also used in computer chips. Energy is involved in all parts of a product s lifecycle. Energy is used to make and transport the raw materials. Energy is used to make the product and energy will be used to dispose of it too. The biggest and most expensive use of energy in a school is likely to be the boiler used to keep the school warm and produce hot water. Wood grows relatively quickly and absorbs CO 2 as it grows. Though the CO 2 returns to the air when the wood is burnt it is described as carbon neutral. Tower PC s use a lot of energy - as much as aeroplanes if all added together. Low-energy PC s and laptops use much less energy - 60 % or 80 % less. Page 8 SCN 3-05b
9 Insulation is important when trying to reduce energy used. It acts like a coat and prevents heat from escaping. The roof is where most heat is lost and should always be insulated first. Solar panels contain a fluid that absorbs the heat from the sun. As it flows through pipes inside the hot water tank heat is transferred to the water to be used in baths, showers etc. Wind turbines can capture the movement energy (Kinetic energy) from the wind and convert it into electrical energy. They are best placed on hills where it is windiest. Climate Change will effect every part of the World and everyone who lives there. Floods or droughts, hurricanes and tornadoes are all likely to increase in number and severity. More and more different types of lights are being made. Many of these are able to produce as much light as normal bulbs but will use much less energy. Page 9 SCN 3-05b
10 Clothes have become much cheaper in our High Street shops. However, these clothes are now made mainly in the Far East and large amounts of fuel are burnt to bring them to us. Many different materials can be used for insulation. Some, like paper, are recycled. Others, like wool, are natural while others are man-made materials. Roof insulation is like wearing a hat. Because heat rises, most of the heat in a house can be lost through the roof. Page 10 SCN 3-05b
11 Page 11 SCN 3-05b
12 part 2 - Climate Change Risks To Biodiversity There have always been changes in the Earth s Climate. These have often been caused by changes in the way the Earth orbits the Sun. Other factors such as Volcanic activity and Ocean currents have also had an effect. Levels of CO 2 have also changed as the Temperature of the Earth has changed million years ago, was the Earth in a Cold or Warm phase?... phase 2. During the last Ice Age, how much colder was the Earth? Without Greenhouse gases, the average temperature would be... C 4. What historical event triggered a large increase in CO 2? From 1860 CO 2 levels have risen from 280 ppm to... ppm Page 12 SCN 3-05b
13 part 3 - Relocation of Species Plants and animals have always had to be able to relocate during times of Climate Change but this has happened slowly over hundreds of years. Climate Change caused by man is happening too fast for most species to cope with. Species already living at high altitudes or near the North or South Pole are more at risk. 1. The end of the last Ice Age was... years ago. 2. Plants and animals had to relocate at between km per The present rate of change would require km per The Fraser Fir is likely to be replaced by... trees. 5. There are now only about... Iberian Lynx left in Spain and Portugal Page 13 SCN 3-05b
14 part 7 - Natural Rhythms The lives of many species are governed by the Seasons. Climate Change can lead to changes in the Seasons, for example, Spring can come earlier. Some species adapt quicker and better than others. 1. Oak trees are coming into bud 2. Winter Moth Caterpillars hatch 3. The Great Tit lays its eggs earlier / at the usual time / later earlier / at the usual time / later earlier / at the usual time / later 4. The Great Tit struggles to find enough... to feed it s chicks 5. Birds of prey like the... struggle to feed their young because there are not enough Great Tit chicks. Page 14 SCN 3-05b
15 part 9 - Biodiversity in the Arctic Though most of the pollution is produced many miles away, the Polar regions are the most affected. 1. Since 1990 temperatures in the Arctic have risen by... C 2. About... of the Pack Ice has been lost since Ice reflects... % of the Sun s rays, wheras water only reflects... % 4. With less ice... are unable to hunt as well and, since 1985 they have lost an average... % of their body weight 5. Trees growing in the... region will be unable to stand upright as they cannot firmly embed their roots. 6. Thawing of the... is causing the release of methane, a powerful Greenhouse Gas. Page 15 SCN 3-05b
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