What are successful examples of policy interventions that have contributed to addressing environmental and socio-economic root-causes of sand and

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1 What are successful examples of policy interventions that have contributed to addressing environmental and socio-economic root-causes of sand and dust storms? What are key policy areas and interventions that have not yet been harnessed for mitigating sand and dust storms? 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development including Multilateral Environmental Agreements What are concrete new technologies and innovations (social, cultural and business innovation) that can be used for mitigation purposes? Artificial Intelligence - Nanomaterials Sensor web arrays What are existing technologies and innovations that can be adapted to support sand and dust storm mitigation? Earth observation - Open data, citizen science and local observations - Traditional knowledge - Operational practices for combatting desertification

2 Policy options, technology innovation and resource mobilisation Addressing the root causes of sand and dust storms through sustainable development Balancing Big Data and Small Data for Science Society and Policy

3 Q2 Addressing sand and dust storms through the Sustainable Development Goals requires integration across science, policy and governance, monitoring and reporting and public engagement

4 Agenda 2030 Knowledge Management Fully integrated and complex Focus on fundamental drivers of change Managing trade-offs and synergies Sound knowledge Statistics and indicators Effective governance Integrated policies and actions

5 Synergies between Global Statistical Framework for 2030 Agenda & Multilateral Environment Agreements Synergies

6 Water accounts: transparency and open access Robust statistics & indicators Ecosystem accounts Services & Natural capital accounts

7 Land Degradation, Desertification and Drought Since 2016, insufficient rainfall and ongoing serious drought has led to crop failure, loss of livestock and food insecurity. At least 192,000 people have been displaced since November By 2020, between 75 and 250 million Africans are likely to be exposed to increased water stress Sand and Dust Storms Climate change is an important factor in the loss of productive land, livestock and dwellings. The Mediterranean region is particularly at risk from the Sahara, which contains 75% of the global natural source of sand Sea level rise Nearly 940 million people or 11% of global population are projected to live in low-lying coastal areas by On current trends, Egypt is especially vulnerable 6.1m people and 4,100 sq km of productive land could be lost by 2050 Infrastructure and land grabbing From ,10 million people worldwide were displaced each year by infrastructure projects Source UNEP Frontiers 2017

8 Integrated policy

9 What are concrete new technologies and innovations (social, cultural and business innovation) that can be used for mitigation purposes? Artificial Intelligence Nanomaterials Sensor web arrays

10 Artificial intelligence Anticipating sand and dust storm events and extent

11 Combining Big and Small Data Opening And Connecting Efforts to Transform Actions and Interventions Knowledge Workers Managers Environmental Professionals Policy Makers Citizens Creating A Vast Network Of Collective Environmental Knowledge

12 Combining Big Data and Small Data Artificial intelligence KM Platform

13 Sustainable Development Interface Ontology Classes from environmental (green), chemical (blue), gazetteer (yellow), and community (purple) ontologies, other classes created as needed (grey). Both instance-level (e.g. objects present in the real world) and class-level (e.g. an urban biome with common properties). Data, documents, or other informational entities (pale yellow hexagons) can be linked into this web for semantically-aware mobilisation Ontologies

14 Nanomaterials

15 Can be used for - Compliance - Pollution Management Plans - Civic Awareness - Source Apportionment Sensor web arrays

16 Slide Credit: Professor Rod Jones Pilot network in Nairobi

17 Sample Site: Kibera Girls Soccer Academy PM1 PM 2.5 PM 10 NO2 SO2

18 Sample Site: Kibera Girls Soccer Academy

19 What are existing technologies and innovations that can be adapted to support sand and dust storm mitigation? Earth observation Open data, citizen science and local observations Traditional knowledge Operational practices for combatting desertification

20 Copernicus and other space missions 2030 Agenda Global Statistical Framework Earth observation Mapping changes in areas at risk

21 Monitoring Environmental Change Open Data Biodiversity Mineral Mining Deforestation Forests and Ozone (EoE) Coastal Pollutin Ocean Health Index Currents Micro Climate Change Historic Drought Coastal Erosion

22 Responding to Natural Disasters Open Data Firestorm Fire Simulation Sand and Dust storms Tsunami Forecast, Earthquake Damage Assessment Flooding Hurricane Damage Assessment Situational Awareness (COP) Quake Tracking

23 Citizen Science

24 Traditional knowledge Responding to environmental change

25 Managing Natural Resources Operational Practices Forest Inventory Forest Disease Forest Health Coastal Ecosystems Maritime Protection (EoE) Water management France Carbon Accounting Geologic Exploration Groundwater Ecosystem Habitat Wildlife Habitat Oil and Gas

26 Geospatial Infrastructure Operational Practices... Realizing SDI

27 Planning for the Future Operational Practices Economic Development Urban Design Land Use and Noise Villages and Conservation Land Use Growth Housing Solar Potential Conservation Capital Improvements