Canadian Biogas Study: Quantifying the Energy, Environmental and Economic Benefits of Biogas in Canada
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1 Canadian Biogas Study: Quantifying the Energy, Environmental and Economic Benefits of Biogas in Canada Maria Kelleher, Kelleher Environmental 27 th November,
2 Presentation Outline Biogas sources Energy potential, environmental and economic benefits of each source Advantages of biogas as an energy source 2
3 Canadian Biogas Study Objectives Biogas Association is a member driven association which represents all aspects of the biogas sector. In May, 2013, commissioned a study to quantify the potential benefits of increasing biogas energy across Canada Energy Environmental Social/Community Economic Summary Document will be released November, 2013 Technical Document will be released December,
4 What is Biogas? Mixture of methane (natural gas) (50% to 55%) and CO 2 produced when organic waste is broken down in the absence of oxygen VERSATILITY is a big advantage of biogas compared to other renewable energy sources: Burned directly to produce energy through: Burning directly (heat) Producing electricity Producing heat and electricity (co-generation) Upgraded to biomethane (RNG) and used to: Inject into the natural gas pipeline as renewable natural gas (RNG)/biomethane Produce vehicle fuel 4
5 Integration of Biogas 5
6 Five Sources of Biogas in Canadian Biogas Study Agricultural digesters Landfill gas Anaerobic digestion of residential Green Bin waste Anaerobic digestion of commercial organic/biodegradable waste Wastewater treatment plants 6
7 Potential Energy From Five Biogas Sources Wastewater 7% SSO Res 6% SSO Com 7% Landfill Gas 12% Agriculture 68% 7
8 Agricultural Digesters 8
9 Agricultural Digesters Can digest animal manures, crop residues, offfarm waste Ontario allows 50% off-farm waste 30 farm digesters in Ontario because of Feedin-Tariff Energy crops digested in Europe; not in Canada so far OFA study has identified potential to generate 400MW in Ontario from energy crops 9
10 Agricultural Digesters Energy and Environmental Benefits Assumed that 50% of animal manures and 50% of crop residues across Canada could be digested on farm Potential to build 400 farm digesters across Ontario at 500kW capacity Up to 200MW electricity; 630 Mm 3 /year RNG Reliable, distributed electricity base load for rural areas GHG reduction benefit of up to 9 Million tonnes eco2/year - equivalent to taking 1.9 million cars off the road 10
11 Agricultural Digesters Economic Benefits 400 farm digesters across Ontario could produce 200 MW Capital investment $2.7 billion Economic spin-off $8 billion 3,800 construction jobs for one year 500 on-going operational jobs Helps to sustain/expand over 80 companies in Ontario 11
12 12
13 13
14 Other Benefits of Agricultural Digesters Rural economic development Diversify farm income and provide direct and indirect jobs in rural areas Provides on-farm energy requirements Heat for greenhouses, other farm requirements (crop drying etc) Environmental Benefits of Digestion Reduces pathogens up to 99% Improved nutrient management Digestate provides fertilizer input and carbon structure to soil Digestate can be dried and used as animal bedding 14
15 Landfill Gas 15
16 Landfill Gas Environmental Benefits 10,000 landfills across Canada; 800 active Third largest source of methane emissions in Canada 3% of Canada s GHG emissions 66 landfill gas recovery projects across Canada now 7 million tonnes eco2 reduction Equivalent of taking 1.5 million cars off the road Captured Flared 16
17 Landfill Gas - Opportunity Largest GHG source over which municipalities have control New regulations require capture to reduce GHG emissions utilization rather than flaring depends on economics Environment Canada study 41 projects across Canada have net positive economics For Ontario, GHG reduction up to 1.7 million tonnes; 350,000 cars off the road 17
18 Landfill Gas Energy and Economic Benefits Potential to economically capture 110 up to Mm 3 /year RNG; 36MW Capital cost $120 million Economic spin-off $360 million Net revenue $22 million/year 770 construction jobs for one year 50 on-going operational jobs 18
19 Green Bin - Residential Source Separated Organics (SSO) 19
20 Residential SSO 3.2 million tonnes of municipal solid waste disposed each year from residential sources in Ontario 0.9 million tonnes is food/organic waste Green bin programs are in place across Ontario to meet waste diversion targets Typically divert 20% of municipal residential waste stream Most currently compost green bin waste with no energy recovery Toronto only city using AD so far; Surrey BC initiating biofuels project (with RNG used for truck fleet) 12 municipal AD facilities in planning stages in Quebec 20
21 Toronto Dufferin AD Plant
22 Organics Arriving At Dufferin AD
23 Organic Material Processing
24 Residential SSO Background AD has been slow to take off in Canadian and US municipalities Significant AD capacity in Europe (> 4 million tonnes/year) Drivers different to Canada: EU Landfill Directive High Feed In Tariffs for renewable energy Very high tipping fees for other options In past, costs of AD were higher than composting, but gap is narrowing; similar costs at 60,000 t/year with FIT contract 24
25 Residential SSO Environmental Benefits AD has much smaller footprint than composting Allowed Toronto to build processing within City borders Dufferin and Disco Digesters Source of GHG reduction credits and green power for municipalities Source of RNG for municipal fleets Surrey; Simcoe; Ottawa, etc. moving to CNG trucks Each truck conversion from diesel to CNG equivalent to taking 474 cars off the road 25
26 Commercial Source Separated Organics (SSO) 26
27 AD of Commercial/Industrial SSO A number of private AD facilities already at industrial food processing facilities to deal with high strength wastes Two private, commercial merchant AD facilities just opening in London, Ontario and Richmond, BC Potential ~ 15 AD facilities at 60,000 tonnes/year for Ontario 22MW or 60Mm 3 /year of biomethane 27
28 Commercial AD Opportunity in Ontario Capital investment $650 million Indirect economic spin-off $2 billion 700 construction jobs for one year 170 on-going operational jobs 28
29 Wastewater Treatment Plants 29
30 AD At Wastewater Treatment Plants 4,000 wastewater treatment plants produce 660,000 dry tonnes of biosolids across Canada Of 50 largest wastewater treatment plants in Canada, about 55% digest biosolids Large facilities already have digesters Most use biogas for heating; flare in summer Some facilities have co-generation Woodward Ave Hamilton first wastewater treatmet plant in Canada to produce RNG and inject into NG grid Potential to capture 70 Mm 3 /year of biomethane (23MW) 30
31 Wastewater Treatment Plants Economic Benefits Direct capital investment $230 million in Ontario Economic spin-off $700 million 400 construction jobs 100 on-going operational jobs A lot of equipment already on-site; project costs lower. Trained staff already on site Other capital projects get higher priority at budget time Need an internal champion to push projects 31
32 CANADIAN BIOGAS STUDY SUMMARY STATISTICS 32
33 Energy Potential of Biogas Projects in Canada Electricity (MW) RNG (Mm 3 /year) Agriculture Landfill Gas SSO Res SSO Com Wastewater Total , % of Canada s Electricity Demand 0.87% 0.15% 0.08% 0.09% 0.10% 1.28% % of Canada s Natural Gas Demand 2.06% 0.36% 0.18% 0.20% 0.23% 3.03% 33
34 Environmental Benefits of Biogas Projects In Canada Agriculture Landfill Gas SSO Res SSO Com Wastewater Total GHG Reduction (mt eco2/year) Cars Off the Road 5,100, , , , ,000 7,500,000 34
35 Economic Impacts of Biogas Projects in Canada Construction jobs (for one year) Agriculture Landfill Gas SSO Res SSO Com Wastewater Total 10,200 2,000 1,800 1,700 1,000 16,700 On-going operating jobs 1, ,650 Capital investment ($Billions) $3 $0.3 $1.7 $1.3 $0.6 $7.0 Indirect economic spinoff ($Billions) $9.3 $1.0 $5.1 $4.0 $1.7 $
36 Benefits of Biogas Unique features of biogas as a renewable energy source: Reliable, flexible, distributed renewable energy, 24/7, regardless of weather; can be stored; can be used for heat, electricity or fuel, more flexibility than other renewables Environmental Benefits GHG reduction Significant reduction in pathogens Closed loop waste management Economic and Community Benefits Local jobs and investment Income for farmers; keeps additional family member on farm 36
37 Conclusions Solution for agriculture Economic, environmental, community benefits Solution for sustainability Major GHG, air and water quality benefits Waste management solution Captures energy from waste, diverts from landfill, reduces odour, can fuel waste trucks Renewable energy solution Can produce 3% of our natural gas demand or 810 MW of reliable, clean, green electricity Should be a part of all energy portfolios 37
38 Questions Maria Kelleher, Principal, Kelleher Environmental 38
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