Marine Processes and Ecology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Marine Processes and Ecology"

Transcription

1 T-TH 10:00-11:45 Discussion Sections TH 12:30-13:40 Textbook: Charlie Miller, Biological Oceanography Others listed in the syllabus (optional)

2 Textbooks available at the Science Library: Oceanography: An Illustrated Guide. Summerhayes, C.P. and S.A. Thorpe. Wiley, Science Library Call # GC11.2.O Marine Ecological Processes. Valiela, I.Springer, Science Library Call # QH541.5.S3.V Dynamics of marine ecosystems : biological-physical interactions in the oceans. Mann, K.H. and J.R.N. Lazier. Blackwell Science, QH541.5.S3.M Aquatic Photosynthesis. Falkowski, P.G. and J.A. Raven. Blackwell Science, QK882.F Concepts in biological oceanography: an interdisciplinary primer. Jumars, P.A. Oxford University Press, QH S3J

3 Class Format: Two Exams (short answer/essay) Final Exam (format?) Paper Discussions (from primary literature): 2-3 papers on a topic per week Students will lead the discussion Proposal/Term Paper Homework

4 Paper Discussions Work in teams Present the concepts and lead discussion (chalkboard) Proposal/Term Paper Graduate students will prepare an NSF-style proposal (10 pages max, excluding references) on a topic in B.O. Undergraduates will prepare a 7-10 page term paper on a B.O. subject Both groups will present an overview (10 minutes) using Power Point at the end of the quarter We will hold a Panel Review of the proposals

5 Why is biological oceanography important? Oceanic phytoplankton fix Gtons C yr -1 terrestrial systems fix Gt C yr -1 standing stock of phytoplankton Gt C, with a turnover time of 2-6 d terrestrial standing stock 800 Gt C, with a yr turnover time 5-25% of protein for food derived from fishing, dependent on area also fertilizer, poultry food regulation of global climate, both evolutionarily, climatically

6 Goal of biological oceanography To describe how physics (hydrography and light), chemistry (nutrients) and biology (primary production, food web processes) interact to determine: distributions composition (species or biochemical) biogeochemical activities trophic interactions of marine communities

7 What s in the water? Temporal scale 100yr 10yr 1yr 1mo 1wk 1d 1h 1min 1sec Viruses, bacteria (heterotrophic, chemosynthetic), phytoplankton (prochlorophytes, cyanobacteria, eukaryotes), zooplankton (micro, meso, macro; holo-, meroplankton), nekton, benthos Zooplankton Fish Bacteria Phytoplankton Mammals 0.1µm1µm 10µm100µm1mm1cm 10cm 1m 10m Spatial scale

8 Light Provides energy for almost all marine food webs (photosynthesis) Provides heat that stabilizes the surface layer of the ocean The submarine light field is strongly influenced by constituents in the water (absorption, scattering, fluorescence, bioluminescence) How does light affect marine life? Irradiance and photosynthesis Importance of quantity and spectral quality Inhibition of biogeochemical transformations Effects on trophic interactions

9 Primary productivity Phytoplankton growth Photosynthesis, process and measurement Chemical composition Essential nutrients, light, temperature Loss processes Biogeochemical cycles Nitrogen cycle Flux of carbon Fate of primary production in the upper ocean Food web processes Microbial loop

10 Zooplankton and secondary production Zooplankton groupings based on: Size Life-history characteristics (holo-, meroplankton) Trophic status (herbivore, omnivore, carnivore) Vertical distribution Hydrodynamics vs. behaviour Feeding Effects of food availability, behaviour Effects of the physical environment (turbulence) Effects on food web processes

11 Fisheries Growth, survival and recruitment of larval fish Hydrodynamics Temperature Food supply Predation Structure of oceanic food webs Exploitation of fish stocks

12 Benthos Benthic organisms (microbes, micro- and macroalgae, meio-, and macrofauna) Life history characteristics Animal-sediment relations Effects of substrate on biota (flux of food resources, colonization, predation) Effects of biota on substrate (stabilization, bioturbation, structure formation, flow modification) Ecological processes Predation, competition, disturbance

13 Ecosystems North Atlantic, North Pacific Upwelling ecosystems Oligotrophic Gyres HNLC Regions Coastal and Estuarine ecosystems

14 Unifying themes Quantitative approach Explicit consideration of interacting factors (physics, chemistry, biology) Focus on populations/communities/ ecosystems NOT on individuals

15 Organizing Structure for the class Boyd et al. Article on the SOIREE (Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment) as bookends To understand the SOIREE experiment is to understand major concepts in B.O. Representative of an overview Nature paper Lots of methods and techniques The concept of an NPZ model as an underlying theme

16 Phytoplankton Zooplankton Nutrients

17 The Big Picture 4/1 Oceanography review, Light in the Sea (CMBO Chapter 1) Marine Processes and Phytoplankton the Link Between Physics and Food Webs 4/6 Description of Phytoplankton (taxonomy), counting, measuring (CMBO Chapter 2) 4/8 Pigments, light harvesting Rate Processes and Growth 4/13 Photosynthesis (CMBO Chapter 3) 4/15 How do we measure photosynthesis? Nutrients 4/20 Abiotic/Biotic controls of photosynthesis 4/22 Uptake kinetics, growth rates, nutrient pulsing/community structure 4/27 New, Regenerated, Export production 4/29 Trophic Structure introduction Zooplankton 5/6 Microzooplankton description, sizes, dynamics 5/11 Microbial Food Web 5/13 Metazooplankton and copepods Connecting the Boxes 5/18 Spring Bloom, seasonal cycles, mixing in the Atlantic and Pacific 5/20 Steady State versus Non-Steady State and the role of models 5/25 Environmental Control small scale to mesoscale Anomalous Situations 5/27 Red Tides, Iron Fertilization 6/1 Regime Shifts, Episodic Events 6/3 From Wind to Whales

Includes the coastal zone and the pelagic zone, the realm of the oceanographer. I. Ocean Circulation

Includes the coastal zone and the pelagic zone, the realm of the oceanographer. I. Ocean Circulation Includes the coastal zone and the pelagic zone, the realm of the oceanographer I. Ocean Circulation II. Water Column Production A. Coastal Oceans B. Open Oceans E. Micronutrients F. Harmful Algal Blooms

More information

The Open Ocean. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University

The Open Ocean. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University The Open Ocean Regions of the Open Sea Beyond the shallow coastal seas over the continental shelves (neritic zone) lies the open ocean (oceanic zone). The photic zone is the layer that receives enough

More information

School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences

School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences 1 School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries science combines a general foundation in chemistry, mathematics and biological sciences

More information

Keystone Biology Remediation B4: Ecology

Keystone Biology Remediation B4: Ecology Keystone Biology Remediation B4: Ecology Assessment Anchors: to describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e. organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere) (B.4.1.1) to describe

More information

Coastal studies in Long Term Ecological Research. Dan Reed Santa Barbara Coastal LTER

Coastal studies in Long Term Ecological Research. Dan Reed Santa Barbara Coastal LTER Coastal studies in Long Term Ecological Research Dan Reed Santa Barbara Coastal LTER NSF s Long Term Ecological Research Program 24 sites representing a diverse array of biomes Major focus of research

More information

Impacts of global warming on bio-products of marine and coastal system Ling TONG Qisheng TANG

Impacts of global warming on bio-products of marine and coastal system Ling TONG Qisheng TANG Impacts of global warming on bio-products of marine and coastal system Ling TONG Qisheng TANG Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS Both environmental and human factors affect the bioproducts in

More information

Overview of emerging and new uses of the Ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction

Overview of emerging and new uses of the Ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction Overview of emerging and new uses of the Ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction Takehiro Nakamura Coordinator, Marine and Coastal Ecosystems Unit, United Nations Environment Programme Marine Ecosystem

More information

ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important

ECOSYSTEMS. Follow along in chapter 54. *Means less important ECOSYSTEMS Follow along in chapter 54 *Means less important How do ecosystems function? What is an ecosystem? All living things in an area and their abiotic environment Ecosystem function can be easily

More information

Production vs Biomass

Production vs Biomass Patterns of Productivity OCN 201 Biology Lecture 5 Production vs Biomass Biomass = amount of carbon per unit area (= standing stock * C/cell) Units (e.g.): g C m -2 Primary Production = amount of carbon

More information

Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology

Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology E Stuart Chapin III Pamela A. Matson Harold A. Mooney Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology Illustrated by Melissa C. Chapin With 199 Illustrations Teehnische Un.fversitSt Darmstadt FACHBEREIGH 10

More information

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs How Ecosystems Work Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs make their own food so they are called PRODUCERS Heterotrophs get their food from another source so they are called CONSUMERS Two Main forms of

More information

Patterns of Productivity

Patterns of Productivity Patterns of Productivity OCN 201 Biology Lecture 8 Primary Production - the production of autotrophic biomass Secondary Production - the production of heterotrophic biomass Production vs Biomass Biomass

More information

Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake

Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake Ocean Production and CO 2 uptake Fig. 6.6 Recall: Current ocean is gaining Carbon.. OCEAN Reservoir size: 38000 Flux in: 90 Flux out: 88+0.2=88.2 90-88.2 = 1.8 Pg/yr OCEAN is gaining 1.8 Pg/yr Sum of the

More information

Southern Ocean food web research &

Southern Ocean food web research & Southern Ocean food web research & Southern Ocean Sentinel Andrew Constable Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre & Australian Antarctic Division Thanks to many involved in ACE, AAD,

More information

Ecology: Part 2. Biology Mrs. Bradbury

Ecology: Part 2. Biology Mrs. Bradbury Ecology: Part 2 Biology Mrs. Bradbury Model 1: Food Chains Food Chain simple model showing the movement of matter and energy through ecosystems. Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers Arrows show energy transfer

More information

Introduction (Welcome!)

Introduction (Welcome!) Introduction (Welcome!) OCN 401 Biogeochemical Systems LECTURES Lectures will generally be given using PowerPoint presentations. As a convenience to students, copies of the PowerPoint slides will be

More information

Monitoring the Ems-Dollard ecosystem

Monitoring the Ems-Dollard ecosystem Monitoring the Ems-Dollard ecosystem towards a common integrated monitoring program Martin Baptist & Katja Philippart Waddenacademie Symposium Towards a sustainable Ems-Dollard estuary Delfzijl, 25 June

More information

MONDAY, 27 FEBRUARY 2017

MONDAY, 27 FEBRUARY 2017 MONDAY, 27 FEBRUARY 2017 Room 301 B 302 A/B 304 A/B 305 A/B 306 A 306 B 308 A/B 199 168 258 162 150 168 194 9:00-9:50 9:50 - MORNING PLENARY - Marcia McNutt - 9:00 to 9:50 Session# 71 96 12 9 34 58 65

More information

Examine annual or seasonal scale changes in

Examine annual or seasonal scale changes in Primary production approach 5: Estimate Net community production based on in situ variations in oxygen, nutrients, carbon, or biomass (often chlorophyll) Examine annual or seasonal scale changes in O 2,

More information

Life in Water. Chapter 3

Life in Water. Chapter 3 Life in Water Chapter 3 Outline Hydrologic Cycle Oceans Shallow Marine Waters Marine Shores Estuaries, Salt Marshes, and Mangrove Forests Rivers and Streams Lakes 2 The Hydrologic Cycle Over 71% of the

More information

Biology Ecology

Biology Ecology Biology - 10. Ecology Unit Title/Skill Set: 10. Ecology Overview: This unit examines the interactions of organisms with one another and their interrelationship with the environment. Unit Essential Question(s):

More information

10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea. Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton

10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea. Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton 10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton Microbial Loop 2 Larger consumers Microbial loop DOC & POC Viruses Bacteria Herbivores

More information

Nitrogen Cycling, Primary Production, and Water Quality in the New River Estuary. Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP)

Nitrogen Cycling, Primary Production, and Water Quality in the New River Estuary. Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) Nitrogen Cycling, Primary Production, and Water Quality in the New River Estuary Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) Introduction: A key theme of the ongoing DCERP program is monitoring

More information

Food Chains, Food Webs, and Bioaccumulation Background

Food Chains, Food Webs, and Bioaccumulation Background Food Chains, Food Webs, and Bioaccumulation Background Introduction Every living organism needs energy to sustain life. Organisms within a community depend on one another for food to create energy. This

More information

Dynamics of Ecosystems. Chapter 57

Dynamics of Ecosystems. Chapter 57 Dynamics of Ecosystems Chapter 57 1 The Water Cycle Nutrient Cycles Trophic Levels Primary Productivity Outline The Energy in Food Chains Ecological Pyramids Interactions Among Trophic Levels Species Richness

More information

What does each part of the equation mean? q=cm T

What does each part of the equation mean? q=cm T Assignment #10 Energy Pyramids LO: I can define trophic levels and explain the energy flow. I can apply those ideas to food webs EQ: Where does all the energy from the sun go? (4-5 sentences) LEVEL ZERO

More information

MARINE SCIENCE (MASC)

MARINE SCIENCE (MASC) MARINE SCIENCE (MASC) 1 MARINE SCIENCE (MASC) MASC 51. First-Year Seminar: Global Warming: Serious Threat or Hot Air?. 3 Credits. Students will examine evidence that human activity has caused global warming,

More information

University of the Philippines in the Visayas COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN SCIENCES 5023 Miagao, Iloilo

University of the Philippines in the Visayas COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN SCIENCES 5023 Miagao, Iloilo University of the Philippines in the Visayas COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN SCIENCES 5023 Miagao, Iloilo CURRICULUM MASTER OF SCIENCE IN OCEAN SCIENCES MAJOR IN _ First Year 1 st Semester Units 2 nd Semester

More information

Multiple Choice. Name Class Date

Multiple Choice. Name Class Date Chapter 3 The Biosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following descriptions about the

More information

Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide

Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide Name: Date: Block: Biology Ecology Unit Chapter 2 Study Guide 1. Directions: Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. Ecology Biotic factors Nonliving Environments Atmosphere Humans

More information

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through

More information

Chapter 36: Population Growth

Chapter 36: Population Growth Chapter 36: Population Growth Population: Population Concepts interbreeding group of same species Carrying Capacity: maximum population size an ecosystem can sustainably support Critical Number: minimum

More information

AP Environmental Science

AP Environmental Science AP Environmental Science Types of aquatic life zones MARINE Estuaries coral reefs mangrove swamps neritic zone pelagic zone FRESHWATER lakes and ponds streams and rivers wetlands Distribution of aquatic

More information

Ecology. Limiting factors. Introduction to Marine Ecology. Ecological communities and ecosystems

Ecology. Limiting factors. Introduction to Marine Ecology. Ecological communities and ecosystems Introduction to Marine Ecology Physical limiting factors light, temperature, salinity, nutrients, gases variation within the ocean: depth and geography Marine habitats: where to make a living Marine feeding

More information

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through

More information

Deep sea gradients in [DOC]

Deep sea gradients in [DOC] Deep sea gradients in [DOC] NMR and carbohydrate analyses of deep sea HMWDOC monosaccharide distribution surface relative % 5200m relative % NMR and carbohydrate analyses of deep sea HMWDOC 13 C- and 1

More information

Marine Ecology of the Arctic

Marine Ecology of the Arctic Marine Ecology of the Arctic Connectivity, change, and resilience Arny Blanchard Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Oceanography 2015 Philadelphia, PE, June 22, 2015 Alaska s Arctic

More information

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a. carbohydrate cycle c. hydrologic cycle b. atmospheric cycle d. sedimentary cycle

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a. carbohydrate cycle c. hydrologic cycle b. atmospheric cycle d. sedimentary cycle Environmental Science Semester Exam Study Guide Chapter 4: Ecology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Ecology is the study of how a. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment b.

More information

Approaching Coastal Aquaculture from an Ecosystem Perspective

Approaching Coastal Aquaculture from an Ecosystem Perspective Approaching Coastal Aquaculture from an Ecosystem Perspective M. Rawson 1, Chen 2 C., Ji R.1, Zhu 3 M., Wang 4 D., C. Yarish 5, J. Sullivan 1 1 Georgia Sea Grant College Program, School of Marine Program,

More information

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Reading Questions

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology. Reading Questions APES Name 22 Module 7 Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 17 Module 6 The Movement of Energy 18 Ecosystem Field Walk 19 Module 7 The 23 Module 8 Responses to Disturbances

More information

Ecosystem implications of projected climate change on the Baltic Sea

Ecosystem implications of projected climate change on the Baltic Sea Ecosystem implications of projected climate change on the Baltic Sea Markku Viitasalo & coauthors of the BACC II Marine Ecosystems chapter HELCOM Climate Change Workshop, Warnemünde 5.2.2013 MPI-MET, 2006

More information

Dead-Zones and Coastal Eutrophication: Case- Study of Chesapeake Bay W. M. Kemp University of Maryland CES Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge, MD

Dead-Zones and Coastal Eutrophication: Case- Study of Chesapeake Bay W. M. Kemp University of Maryland CES Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge, MD Dead-Zones and Coastal Eutrophication: Case- Study of Chesapeake Bay W. M. Kemp University of Maryland CES Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge, MD Presentation to COSEE Trends Orientation at UMCES HPL 4 August

More information

Name: Section: Biology 101L Laboratory 8: Ecology and Food Webs (Exercise and homework adapted from Bio Food webs of Western Oregon University)

Name: Section: Biology 101L Laboratory 8: Ecology and Food Webs (Exercise and homework adapted from Bio Food webs of Western Oregon University) Biology 101L Laboratory 8: Ecology and Food Webs (Exercise and homework adapted from Bio 101-6 Food webs of Western Oregon University) Objectives (1) You will explore some of the key trophic relationships

More information

Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work

Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work Ecology Part 2: How Ecosystems Work Name: Unit 2 1 In this second part of Unit 2, our big idea questions are: SECTION 1 How is energy transferred from the Sun to producers and then to consumers? Why do

More information

What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions.

What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions. Ecology What is ECOLOGY? The study of the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment and their interactions. Biotic Factors Living things in the environment. Animals Plants Fungi Protists Bacteria Abiotic

More information

Stable versus unstable planktonic food webs in oceans

Stable versus unstable planktonic food webs in oceans Stable versus unstable planktonic food webs in oceans L. Legendre 1, F. Rassoulzadegan 2 1 Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada 2 Station Zoologique, BP 28, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer,

More information

BSc Minors in English

BSc Minors in English BSc Minors in English Wageningen University Overview BSc Minors for Exchange Students All minors presented on this information sheet are taught in English. For more information please surf to: www.wageningenuniversity.nl/minors

More information

Energy Transfer p

Energy Transfer p Energy Transfer 22-1 p. 415-419 Essential Questions 1. Identify and describe the main types of producers and consumers in an ecosystem. 2. Calculate the amount of energy stored in biomass transferred from

More information

Climate: describes the average condition, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a given area

Climate: describes the average condition, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods in a given area Ch. 6 - Biomes Section 6.1: Defining Biomes Biome: a group of ecosystems that share similar biotic and abiotic conditions, large region characterized by a specific type of climate, plants, and animals

More information

Ecosystem goods and services Ecosystem goods and services

Ecosystem goods and services Ecosystem goods and services Course goals 1) Have you develop a firm understanding of the concepts and mechanisms of ecosystem ecology; 2) Have you enhance your understanding of how human society is altering ecosystems, some of the

More information

Trace Metal Iron (Fe), an important element to measure at sea. Dr. Thato Nicholas Mtshali

Trace Metal Iron (Fe), an important element to measure at sea. Dr. Thato Nicholas Mtshali Trace Metal Iron (Fe), an important element to measure at sea Dr. Thato Nicholas Mtshali Southern Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic Seminar (Cape Town): 5 December 2017 A CSIR-led multidisciplinary and multi-institutional

More information

microzooplankton ( µm, e.g. ciliates); mesozooplankton (200 µm-20 mm, e.g. calanoid copepods); macrozooplankton (2-20 cm, e.g.

microzooplankton ( µm, e.g. ciliates); mesozooplankton (200 µm-20 mm, e.g. calanoid copepods); macrozooplankton (2-20 cm, e.g. Zooplankton Classifications Size: Life history: microzooplankton (20-200 µm, e.g. ciliates); mesozooplankton (200 µm-20 mm, e.g. calanoid copepods); macrozooplankton (2-20 cm, e.g. ctenophores) holoplankton

More information

Ecosystem Management Adaptive Management

Ecosystem Management Adaptive Management Ecosystem Management Adaptive Management Geog/ENVS 657 What is an Ecosystem? a system that has a source of energy includes living and nonliving components. living components: plants and animals, human

More information

Marine Ecology. Biotic The biotic factors are the interactions among living organisms. Zonation Two major divisions in the marine world.

Marine Ecology. Biotic The biotic factors are the interactions among living organisms. Zonation Two major divisions in the marine world. Marine Ecology Marine ecology is the branch of ecology dealing with the interdependence of all organisms living in the ocean, in shallow coastal waters, and on the seashore. The marine environment for

More information

Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients!

Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients! Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients! Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Critical Depth Recycled Nutrients! Oxidized Nutrients! Detritus! Rest of Ocean Biological and Solubility Pumps New (Export) vs. Regenerated

More information

MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: EFFECTS ON CLIMATE AND RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: EFFECTS ON CLIMATE AND RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: EFFECTS ON CLIMATE AND RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE Gattuso, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS-UPMC, B. P. 28, F-06234 Villefranche-sur-mer Cedex, France. Keywords:

More information

The Global Carbon Cycle

The Global Carbon Cycle The Global Carbon Cycle Laurent Bopp LSCE, Paris Introduction CO2 is an important greenhouse gas Contribution to Natural Greenhouse Effect Contribution to Anthropogenic Effect 1 From NASA Website 2 Introduction

More information

The Carbon cycle. Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon

The Carbon cycle. Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon The Carbon cycle Atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and ocean are constantly exchanging carbon The oceans store much more carbon than the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere The oceans essentially

More information

Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems Life Depends on the Sun Chapter 5: How Ecosystems Work Section 1, Energy Flow in Ecosystems Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through

More information

MARINE SCIENCE AND LIMNOLOGY (MSL)

MARINE SCIENCE AND LIMNOLOGY (MSL) Marine Science and Limnology (MSL) 1 MARINE SCIENCE AND LIMNOLOGY (MSL) MSL F111X The Oceans (n, a) Study of the oceans from the broad perspective offered by combining insights from biology, physics, chemistry

More information

Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem

Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem Chapter 22: Energy in the Ecosystem What is ecology? Global human issues Physical limits Ecosystems Organisms Populations Species Interactions Communities Energy flows and nutrients cycle C, H 2 0, P,

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Spatial and temporal variability in nutrients and carbon uptake during 2004 and 2005 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Spatial and temporal variability in nutrients and carbon uptake during 2004 and 2005 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean Manuscript prepared for Biogeosciences Discuss. with version 3.5 of the LATEX class copernicus discussions.cls. Date: August SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Spatial and temporal variability in nutrients and carbon

More information

SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS MARINE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SERVICE OCEAN STATE REPORT 2016

SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS MARINE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SERVICE OCEAN STATE REPORT 2016 SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS MARINE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SERVICE OCEAN STATE REPORT 2016 C O P E RNICUS M ARINE E NVIRO N MEN T M ONIT ORING SE R VICE OCEAN STATE REPORT No.1, 2016 Journal of Operational

More information

Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide

Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide Bio 112 Ecology: Final Study Guide Below is an outline of the topics and concepts covered on the final exam. This packet also includes a practice test, along with answers to questions 1-44. You may submit

More information

Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater

Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities can be classified as freshwater or saltwater. The two sets of communities interact and are joined by the water cycle. Gravity eventually returns all fresh water

More information

Marine Primary Productivity: Measurements and Variability. Matt Church Department of Oceanography MSB 612

Marine Primary Productivity: Measurements and Variability. Matt Church Department of Oceanography MSB 612 Marine Primary Productivity: Measurements and Variability Matt Church Department of Oceanography MSB 612 Sunlight CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 2 O + O 2 + H 2 O + heat Gross Primary Production (GPP): The rate of organic

More information

Ecosystems Part 2. Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy

Ecosystems Part 2. Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy Ecosystems Part 2 Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy Autotrophs Organisms that use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) Also called Producers because they produce

More information

ANSWER KEY - Ecology Review Packet

ANSWER KEY - Ecology Review Packet ANSWER KEY - Ecology Review Packet OBJECTIVE 1: Ecosystem Structure 1. What is the definition of an abiotic factor? Give one example. A nonliving part of an ecosystem. Example: water 2. What is the definition

More information

RIVER SEDIMENTS AND COASTAL FISH PRODUCTION: WHAT ABOUT THE MEKONG?

RIVER SEDIMENTS AND COASTAL FISH PRODUCTION: WHAT ABOUT THE MEKONG? people Ÿ science Ÿ environment Ÿ partners! RIVER SEDIMENTS AND COASTAL FISH PRODUCTION: WHAT ABOUT THE MEKONG? Eric BARAN Eric GUERIN Project A Climate Resilient Mekong: Maintaining the Flows that Nourish

More information

Guided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy

Guided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy Name: Date: Block: Chapter 13: Principles of Ecology I. Concept 13.3: Energy in Ecosystems II. a. Review Vocabulary b. Autotrophs Guided Notes Unit 3B: Matter and Energy i. Producers: convert the light

More information

Nutrients elements required for the development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms.

Nutrients elements required for the development, maintenance, and reproduction of organisms. Nutrient Cycles Energy flows through ecosystems (one way trip). Unlike energy, however, nutrients (P, N, C, K, S ) cycle within ecosystems. Nutrients are important in controlling NPP in ecosystems. Bottom-up

More information

Energy Flow UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Energy Flow UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS Energy Flow UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS Learning Objectives Components of an Ecosystem Give the meanings of the words; habitat, population, community and ecosystem What is Ecology / Environmental

More information

Ecosystem and Eutrophication

Ecosystem and Eutrophication Ecosystem and Eutrophication Learning Objectives 1. Define eutrophication and explain how human behaviors lead to eutrophication. 2. Explain how algae blooms are detrimental to aquatic ecosystems. 3. Explain

More information

Cultural accelerated by anthropogenic activities

Cultural accelerated by anthropogenic activities EUTROPHICATION IMPLICATIONS OF N & P Intent of this lecture? Link our discussions of terrestrial N & P dynamics with its influences on receiving water bodies How the relative amounts of N & P can influence

More information

Radioecology in 2014 Current research directions and trends for the future. Union Internationale de Radioécologie International Union of Radioecology

Radioecology in 2014 Current research directions and trends for the future. Union Internationale de Radioécologie International Union of Radioecology Radioecology in 2014 Current research directions and trends for the future What is Radioecology A multidisciplinary scientific discipline: biology, chemistry, physiology, ecology, biogeochemistry, geophysics,

More information

1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods?

1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods? Use with textbook pages 68 87. Nutrient cycles Answer the questions below. Comprehension 1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods? 2. Name a biotic process and an abiotic

More information

WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer

WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology is a science of relationships WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ENVIRONMENT?

More information

AnT- ERA/SCAR Spring Course, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Call for applicants: Graduate and PhD students and post- docs Deadline: 30 November 2017

AnT- ERA/SCAR Spring Course, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Call for applicants: Graduate and PhD students and post- docs Deadline: 30 November 2017 "BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS" AnT- ERA/SCAR Spring Course, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 23-29 September 2018 Call for applicants: Graduate and PhD students and post- docs Deadline: 30 November

More information

State of phytoplankton and. zooplankton in the Estuary and northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence during Summary. DFO Science

State of phytoplankton and. zooplankton in the Estuary and northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence during Summary. DFO Science Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Pêches et Océans Canada Sciences DFO Science Laurentian Region Stock Status Report C4-18 (2) State of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Estuary and northwestern Gulf

More information

Need & Opportunities for more integrated farming practices in coastal and offshore aquaculture. Patrick Sorgeloos Ghent University, Belgium

Need & Opportunities for more integrated farming practices in coastal and offshore aquaculture. Patrick Sorgeloos Ghent University, Belgium Need & Opportunities for more integrated farming practices in coastal and offshore aquaculture Patrick Sorgeloos Ghent University, Belgium The Ny-Ålesund Symposium 2016 Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard-Norway, September

More information

What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment.

What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment. Chapter 18 What is Ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms and the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of their environment. What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is the sum

More information

5/2/13. Zooplankton! Phytoplankton! Nutrients!

5/2/13. Zooplankton! Phytoplankton! Nutrients! Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Nutrients! 1 Phytoplankton! Zooplankton! Critical Depth Recycled Nutrients! Oxidized Nutrients! Detritus! Rest of Ocean Biological and Solubility Pumps 2 New (Export) vs. Regenerated

More information

Changes in coastal environment and mass occurrence of jellyfish in Tokyo Bay. Haruto ISHII. (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology)

Changes in coastal environment and mass occurrence of jellyfish in Tokyo Bay. Haruto ISHII. (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology) Changes in coastal environment and mass occurrence of jellyfish in Tokyo Bay Haruto ISHII (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology) Ecosystem in hyper eutrophicated bay High concentrations of

More information

Forest Production Ecology

Forest Production Ecology Objectives Forest Production Ecology Overview of forest production ecology C cycling Primary productivity of trees and forest ecosystems ecologists and ecosystem managers are unlikely to achieve desired

More information

Cycles of Matter. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Cycles of Matter. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cycles of Matter 1 of 33 The purpose of this lesson is to learn the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. This PowerPoint will provide most of the required information you need to accomplish

More information

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Potential Environmental Impacts and Fisheries

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Potential Environmental Impacts and Fisheries Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Potential Environmental Impacts and Fisheries Christina M Comfort, M.Sc. Candidate University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Oceanography Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

More information

RTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY

RTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY ars-c G85b :0135 'no U3 2 cop 14 " 33l I RTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY NENALEM R. TILLAMOOK BAY" SCHOOL of SCIENCE OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY i Energy Conversion and Element Transfer In Lower Trophic Levels In the

More information

Gas Guzzlers. Biological Pump

Gas Guzzlers. Biological Pump Gas Guzzlers Biological Pump Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8 Coral Reefs Open Ocean Deep Sea Marine equivalent of tropical rain forests Habitats for one-fourth of all marine species Coral polyps, which

More information

DOC and major carbon reservoirs and fluxes

DOC and major carbon reservoirs and fluxes The Composition and cycling of Dissolved organic matter-i Review of DOC distribution Review of radiocarbon in DOC Sources of DOC Seasonal cycling of DOC above the permanent thermocline Composition of DOC

More information

12. How could forest fire change populations in the ecosystem? Populations could be destroyed or have to relocate,

12. How could forest fire change populations in the ecosystem? Populations could be destroyed or have to relocate, Name: Ecology Review Sheet 15-16 Directions: This review should be completed by using your Interactive Notebook (IAN). This review is worth +5 points on your Ecology test, if it is completed and turned

More information

EUTROPHICATION. Student Lab Workbook

EUTROPHICATION. Student Lab Workbook EUTROPHICATION Student Lab Workbook THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. Research Background literature research about a topic of interest 2. Identification of a problem Determine a problem (with regards to the topic)

More information

21 st Century Climate Change Impacts on Marine Fisheries

21 st Century Climate Change Impacts on Marine Fisheries 21 st Century Climate Change Impacts on Marine Fisheries Anne B. Hollowed, NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA USA International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries, Rarotonga,

More information

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1

How Ecosystems Work Section 1. Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems DAY 1 Life Depends on the Sun Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when plants use sunlight to make sugar molecules. This happens through

More information

2) Biomass. Ecosystem. 6) Nutrients

2) Biomass. Ecosystem. 6) Nutrients Part I Vocabulary #s 1-16 is a par5al review study all vocabulary words that are listed on PAGE 5!! 1) Carrying Capacity the largest number of individuals that an environment can support and maintain over

More information

MODELING BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

MODELING BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS MODELING BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS Grégoire, M. GHER, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B5, B-4000, Liege, Belgium Oguz, T. METU, Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 28, Erdemli,

More information

Principles of Ecology

Principles of Ecology Principles of Ecology Ecology Study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environments Living things are affected by nonliving and living parts of the environment Abiotic factors:

More information