Small Reactors R&D in China. ZHENG Mingguang Ph D Presented on the meeting of TWG-LWR June 18 th -20 th 2013 IAEA, Vienna

Transcription

1 Small Reactors R&D in China ZHENG Mingguang Ph D Presented on the meeting of TWG-LWR June 18 th -20 th 2013 IAEA, Vienna

2 CONTENT 1 Introduction of SMR 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC 4 ACP 100 developed by NPIC/CNNC 5 HTR-PM developed by INET 6 Comparison of SMR 7 Cooperation b/w WEC and SNPTC 8 Future of SMR 9 Summary -2-

3 1 Introduction of SMR needs SMR has a quite flexible application market. It has exceptional advantage in some fields, such as district heating, small thermal power plants replacement, marine usage as floating platform, cargo, small and remote island fresh water and electricity supply etc. SMR is a good choice for the supplement to large NPPs due to its low site restriction in future. In case off site emergence response planning for SMR is eliminated, amount of suitable sites in china will be much more than current status. District heating Driving cargo ships Small and remote grid Offshore platform power Desalinization

4 1 Introduction of SMR Concepts CNP300 CAP150 CAP-FNPP ACP100 HTM-PM 998MWt 340MWe Tavg 302 Ts 280 Ps 6.0MPa CEFR 65MWt 20MWe Th 530 Tc 360 Ts 480 Ps 14MPa -4-

5 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC General Goals The integral type small modular reactor aims at the most advanced PWR technology. It has a more simplified system and more safety than current third generation reactors. It is mainly developed for markets considering remote electric supply and district heating thus to replace the thermal power plants. Based on the design philosophy of existing advanced reactor concept worldwide, to innovatively bring out a new G-III+ LWR. Higher safety than current G-III reactor. Reasonable and competitive economy. Good engineering feasibility by implementing proven technologies and self-reliance key components. -5-

6 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Main parameters Thermal power: 450MWt (150MWe) Design life: 80 years Refueling cycle: Approximately 3 years Availability factor: Around 95% No operator intervention: More than 7 days The seismic design basis is 0.3g, and the plant is floodresisting CDF and LRF is 10 times lower than current advanced passive large reactors and comparable with other innovative reactors for near term deployment -6-

7 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Integrated component of RV midpart and SG Outer head Proven Fuel FA300-3: In-use Improved Zr4 cladding 42GWD/tU RV lower part Core and barrel Integrated component of Inner head and PZR Integrated RCS and components FA300-4: Large grain size pellet, Zr-Nb cladding, 50GWd/tU -7-

8 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Preliminary PSA results CDF:< /reactor year LRF:~ /reactor year NP Economy in China (comparing with large reactors) CAP1400 CAP150 Diff. Capital Cost ~USD3000/kW >USD5000 /kw >75% Electricity cost <7 Cent/kWh <9Cent/kWh >20% To make better balance of safety and cost -8-

9 2 CAP150 developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Summary Proven Fuel and Core Design Integral NSSS Active plus Passive Safety Systems Diverse Residual Heat Removal Systems Self-reliant RCP, CRDM, RPV, etc. Simplified auxiliary and BOP system Intrinsic Safety Reasonable Economy Good Engineering Feasibility -9-

10 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Floating NPPs is ocean based on the compact type small modular reactor. The development focuses on engineering construction in near future. So proven technology is preferred to be applied in large floating vessels, cargo, ocean platform which have great potential to provide comparatively cheap and long term stable electricity and fresh water for the living, transportation as well as the construction, marine resource exploitation and tourism in small and remote island as well as the cities along with coast without sufficient fresh water supply. While conventional transportation and fresh water supply is limited not only in the costs, but also in the restriction of ocean environment and climate condition. -10-

11 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Basing on the passive PWR technology. Small space occupation compact RCS layout. Stable and reliable operation under ocean environment. Key specifications Power: 200MWt; Application: Electricity and fresh water supply Construction period: < 3 years; Design life : 60 years; Full power operation cycle: >5 years; Actual cycle reaches 10 years at load factor of 50%; At least 7 days passive safety without intervention -11-

12 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Proven fuel and core design Proven fuel assembly. Proven codes and operation control strategy. Full core refueling so as to extend operation cycle and simplify refueling strategy -12-

13 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Compact RCS layout & Proven components Simplified system and proven components are utilized to improve reliability and economy. Easy maintenance, high availability, standardized and modular design, factorial manufacture and construction. -13-

14 3 CAP FNPP developed by SNERDI/SNPTC Summary Proven fuel and core design codes Compact RCS Proven and Reliable main components Passive safety systems Highly centralized radiation control area On board refueling and spent fuel storage systems A long-life movable power station -14-

15 4 ACP 100 developed by NPIC/CNNC - An integral PWR Developed by NPIC/CNNC - Mainly targeted at combined heat, power and fresh water supply. - It is reported that Design would be completed in The first unit construction would be planned in 2014.

16 4 ACP 100 developed by NPIC/CNNC - Integral type PWR type NPP fuel assembly - Magnetic force type CRDM - Canned motor pump - Once through steam generator - Passive emergency core cooling system - Passive emergency residual heat removal system - Steel containment - Double reactors layout -16-

17 4 ACP 100 developed by NPIC/CNNC Purposes: power/steam/heat/fresh water supply -17-

18 4 ACP 100 developed by NPIC/CNNC Number of modules Reactor thermal power (Single module) Maximum generation capacity (Single module) Maximum heat production (Single module) Maximum steam production (Single module) Maximum water production (Single module) 2~6 310MWt ~100 MWe 1000GJ/h 420t/h 12000t/d Availability >95% Refueling period Design life Construction period Core damage frequency Large release frequency 2 years 60 years 3 years <10-5 reactor year <10-6 reactor year -18-

19 5 HTR-PM developed by INET HTR-PM - A demonstration HTR Developed by INET, Tsinghua University. - Construction license granted by NNSA at 4 Dec, FCD : 21 Dec, Plan to join the grid before

20 5 HTR-PM developed by INET Characteristics MWe per module - Inherent safety - Self contained TRISO fuel - Technically no need for off-site emergency response - High efficiency - No nuclear proliferation - Continuously refueling - Simplified system - Modular design -20-

21 5 HTR-PM developed by INET Application of HTR-PM - High efficiency electricity generation due to high core outlet temperature for: - Steam turbine, - Gas-turbine - Cogeneration - Flexible unit output: multiple modules plant, meeting requirement of various grid. - Process steam supply for heavy oil recovery, etc. - Process heat supply for chemical process, hydrogen production, etc. -21-

22 6 Comparison of SMR CAP150 SNERDI CAP FNPP SNERDI ACP100 CNNC Reactor type PWR PWR PWR HTR HTR-PM INET Thermal power 450 MWt 200 MWt 310 MWt 2*250 MWt Electric output ~150 MWe ~40 MWe ~100 MWe 211 MWe RCS pressure 13 MPa 15.5 MPa ~15 Mpa 7 MPa FA type FA Short 17x17 Short 17x17 Pebble fuel FA No ,000 elements Fuel cycle 3 years 5 years 2 years - Core diameter 2.06 m 2.04 m 3 m Core height 2.9 m 2 m 11 m SG type U-tube SG U-tube SG Once through Once through helical type SG No Steam parameter 6MPa, 295 4MPa, MPa, MPa, 566 PZR Steam PZR Steam PZR Steam PZR RCP 8 canned RCPs 2 canned RCP 4 canned RCP 1 Helium blower CRDM type Magnetic force type Screw-nut Magnetic force type RV / RCS Ф4.5m, 18m 3.5mx12mx18m Inner diam. 3.2m -22-

23 7 Cooperation between WEC and SNPTC SNPTC and WEC has signed the MOU on the 2th May 2013 to cooperate each other in the development of SMR and its application worldwide. The specific SMR will be land based type and basically be focusing on the modular reactor with electric power below 300MWe and the size easily transportable by train. SMR-WS would also be multifunctional in the application. -23-

24 8 Future of SMR Favorable factors for SMR - Electricity consumption increases rapidly in recent years. In 2012, the total electricity consumption reached 4960 TWh. Nuclear power install capacity and power generation account only 1.3% and 2% of total by the end of So SMR has the space. - SMR has multi-functions including desalinization, district heating, electricity supply for city, small and remote island, cargo,vessels and platform etc. -24-

25 8 Future of SMR Difficulties of SMR development in China 1. Due to low power level, CDF of current SMRs per kw appears close to Gen III LWRs even though each unit is small. 2. The prospect of SMRs depends on whether the revolutionary improvement of nuclear safety is able to achieve. 3. Elimination of off site emergency response should be the first priority in SMR development in China for city district heating. However reactor is nuclear reactor. How simple is possible? = -25-

26 8 Future of SMR 4. Licensing system for SMR is not complete yet. - Current commercial SMR reviewing in China still follows conventional LWR procedure. For instance, ACP100 uses large NPP site. - Without clear reviewing and licensing strategy, the elimination of off site emergency response planning is hard to achieve and SMR reflects little advantages on its flexibility and safety. 5. Economy lacks competitiveness in power generation. - Unit power capital cost of SMRs is much higher than large NPPs. Electricity cost is also higher. While efficiency is relatively low. - Advantage of low financial threshold reflects less interested in China compared with U.S.. NPP owners in China are easy to get the financial resources. -26-

27 9 Summary SMR development in China needs to: Identify an accurate market positioning and need to develop the utility demands. The function requirements or application field shall be clearly defined to get the proper economy. Establish a wholesome and reasonable reviewing and licensing system or performance requirements to address safety and flexibility features of SMRs so as to reduce licensing uncertainty and to make up for economy weakness. -27-