SIMPLE CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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1 SIMPLE CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1. Magnesium burns in air giving a very bright light. (a) Complete the word equation below to show this reaction. magnesium The diagram shows four gas-jars. Each contains a different gas. Burning magnesium is put into each jar. air exhaled air nitrogen oxygen (b) In one of the gas-jars, the magnesium goes out immediately. Name the gas in this jar.... Explain your answer... Maximum 3 marks 2. The exhaust gases of a car with a petrol engine are analysed during its MOT test. The results are shown below. gas carbon monoxide carbon dioxide oxygen other gases % volume SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 1

2 (a) The air going into the engine contains about 20% of oxygen. Explain why there is only 0.4% of oxygen in the exhaust gases coming out of the car engine (b) (i) Petrol is a mixture of compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen. Complete combustion of petrol produces carbon dioxide and one other substance. What is this other substance? (ii) When petrol is burned in the car engine, carbon monoxide is produced as well as carbon dioxide. Explain why carbon monoxide is dangerous and may kill you. Maximum 3 marks 3. (a) Reshma had a mixture of iron filings and sand. What could she use to separate the iron filings from the mixture?... (b) Reshma put 10 cm3 of water and 2 g of a different solid into each of four testtubes. She shook each test-tube. The drawings show the test-tubes after 10 minutes. SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 2

3 A B C D salt sand sugar limestone Why can the salt and sugar no longer be seen in test-tubes A and C? (c) Reshma added hydrochloric acid to some pieces of limestone as shown below. hydrochloric acid limestone limewater (i) Look at the diagram above. How can you tell that a gas is given off in this experiment? SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 3

4 (ii) Reshma passed the gas through limewater. This showed that the gas was carbon dioxide. What happened to the limewater? Tick the correct box. It stayed clear. It turned blue. It turned cloudy. It turned red. maximum 4 marks SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 4

5 4. A teacher designs a flow chart to show how to find the names of three gases. Complete the flow chart. Add four drops of lime water to a test tube containing the gas The lime water changes. Its appearance becomes The lime water does not change. The gas is Put a burning splint into another test tube containing the gas. The gas burns with a quiet pop. The burning splint burns more brightly. The gas is The gas is 4 marks SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 5

6 5. Ben put a beaker weighing 50 g on a balance. He added 50 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and 2.5 g of calcium carbonate to the beaker. The total mass of the beaker and its contents was g. hydrochloric acid calcium carbonate (a) The hydrochloric acid reacted with the calcium carbonate. How could Ben tell that a chemical reaction was taking place in the beaker? (b) The word equation for the reaction which took place is: hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water When the reaction stopped, the total mass had decreased from g to g. Some water had evaporated from the beaker. What else caused the drop in mass? Use the word equation to help you answer the question. (c) When the reaction stopped, Ben tested the contents of the beaker with universal indicator paper. The calcium carbonate had neutralised the acid. What is the colour of universal indicator paper in a neutral solution?... SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 6

7 (d) Which two materials in the list below are mainly calcium carbonate? Tick the two correct boxes. coal glass limestone marble sandstone 2 marks (e) Metals react with acids. What gas is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?... Maximum 6 marks 6. Indra collects samples of three gases. carbon dioxide oxygen hydrogen She carries out the following tests. 1. She adds a few drops of limewater to one test tube of each gas and shakes it. 2. She puts a burning splint (spill) into the other test tube of each gas. SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 7

8 Complete each box in the table below to describe the results of her tests. If there is no effect, write no effect. gas effect of the gas on limewater effect of putting a burning splint into the gas carbon dioxide oxygen hydrogen Maximum 6 marks 7. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. (a) Winston used universal indicator solution to find the ph of some hydrochloric acid. (i) Suggest the colour of the mixture of universal indicator solution and the hydrochloric acid.... (ii) Suggest the ph of the hydrochloric acid.... SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 8

9 (b) Indigestion can be caused when too much hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach. Magnesium carbonate can be used to treat indigestion. Winston crushed some indigestion tablets containing magnesium carbonate. He added them to hydrochloric acid in a test-tube. The mixture fizzed. hydrochloric acid crushed indigestion tablet The word equation for the reaction is shown below. magnesium + hydrochloric magnesium + carbon + water carbonate acid chloride dioxide (i) Use the word equation to explain why the mixture fizzed when the reaction took place. (ii) Winston continued to add crushed tablets to the acid until the mixture stopped fizzing. Why did the fizzing stop? SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 9

10 (c) When magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride is formed. Which two words describe magnesium chloride? Tick the two correct boxes. a compound a mixture an element a salt a metal a solvent 2 marks (d) It is important that the hydrochloric acid in the stomach is not completely neutralised by indigestion tablets. Why is hydrochloric acid needed in the stomach? maximum 7 marks 8. This table shows where different pollutants in the air come from. source of pollutants pollutants percentage from power stations percentage from road traffic percentage from other sources sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides smoke carbon monoxide (a) Which two pollutants in the table above cause acid rain? marks SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 10

11 (b) Lichens are organisms which grow on buildings and trees. They are affected by some pollutants. Use the information in the table to suggest why few lichens survive close to power stations but many survive alongside roads.... (c) The two products of complete combustion of petrol are not shown in the table. Give the names of the two products of complete combustion of a fuel such as petrol marks (d) Smoke contains particles of carbon. These can burn when there is enough oxygen present. Write a word equation for the reaction of carbon with excess oxygen. (e) Which term best describes the combustion process? Tick one box. decomposition oxidation pollution respiration Maximum 7 marks SHIRE OAK SCHOOL 11

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