Ration Guard in Total Mixed Rations

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1 Ration Guard in Total Mixed Rations Keep rations fresher and cooler during the hot summer months!

2 Heat Stress on Dairy Cows F Stress Level 75 NO STRESS MILD MEDIUM SEVERE RELATIVE HUMIDITY Chart modified from Frank Wierama, Dept of Engineering, U. of Arizona As shown in the chart, heat stress in dairy cows can begin with temperatures as low as 75 Fahrenheit

3 Effects of Heat Stress Can decrease dry matter intake May drop by 10-20% Can decrease milk yield Can drop by 10-25% Can decrease milk quality Can increase herd health problems Can increase reproduction problems Keeping feed intake up is the biggest challenge during heat stress!

4 TMR Recommendations FOR DAIRY COWS DURING HEAT STRESS PERIODS Products are available that help reduce growth of yeast and mold when added to the TMR. By reducing the potential for yeast and mold growth, bunk life may be enhanced. Randy Shaver, Extension Dairy Nutrition Specialist, UW-Madison Use feed additives to control mold growth and reduce secondary fermentations and excessive heating in the feed bunk. Alvaro Garcia, Extension Dairy Specialist, South Dakota State University Applying a feed stabilizer to the TMR at mixing time can extend bunk life and improve feed palatability. Michael F. Hutjens, Dept. of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois

5 Hot Feeds Cause Problems What causes a TMR to heat?

6 Contributors to Heated TMR 1. Silages have been removed from the silo and exposed to air 2. Ambient temperature and relative humidity 3. Byproduct ingredients 4. Mixing action

7 Heat Caused by Silages All forages start to deteriorate when mixed with air Even in well-preserved forages, fungi (yeast & mold) break down nutrients after exposure to air Fungi utilize carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins so they are no longer available to the cow Odors are given off and reduce palatability and intakes Significant growth of yeast and mold release heat and begin to heat up the TMR If heating can be felt in the feed, nutrient losses are severe!

8 Heat Caused by Weather As summer temperature and relative humidity increase, yeast and mold begin to grow faster If TMR is exposed to direct sunlight, natural heating occurs as well Temperatures of TMR should be checked during the day This ration is exposed to direct sunlight and will heat up quickly!

9 Heat Caused by Byproducts Wet brewers grain 7 days after delivery to the farm Wet brewers grains or wet corn gluten feeds (often called hot ingredients) are sometimes used in the TMR They provide moisture & energy, a perfect environment for yeast and mold to grow Sometimes mold and yeast can be seen, sometimes they are hidden

10 Heat Caused by Mixing Action 1. Increased amount of oxygen Whipped into ration by mixing 2. Increasing the ph of silages By adding dry ingredients to mix 3. Diluting fermentation acids By adding other ingredients to mix The mixing action of the TMR truck or wagon aerates the diet, encouraging the growth of yeasts and molds that cause aerobic spoilage!

11 Effects of a Heated TMR 1. Reduces feed quality 2. Reduces palatability and intake 3. Leads to reduced milk production 4. Leads to reduced milk quality 5. Leads to reduced animal health 6. Leads to problems with reproduction High ambient temperature and high relative humidity increase the speed of yeast and mold growth!

12 Keep Ration Cooler Start adding to TMR when ambient temperature reaches 75 F or sooner A patented formula of sulfur salt compounds which scavenge oxygen within the TMR Slows down yeast/mold growth Acts as both a preservative and antioxidant Keeps ration cooler Helps maintain higher intakes Helps maintain feed quality Maximizes available nutrients

13 Application Rates for TMR NOTE: Add to TMR mixer after forages are added Start with the addition of 2 pounds per ton of TMR As temperature and humidity increase, 3 lbs./ton may be needed 2 to 3 lbs. should definitely be used during the hot summer months Ration Guard will help keep the TMR cool for up to 36 hours

14 Florida TMR Research Trial Large Commercial Dairy (7,000 cows) Length of trial: July 12 through September 18 Trial herd size: 260 lactating cows Treatment level of Ration Guard: 2 lbs./ton Temperatures of TMR taken Every day for the entire period 6 times per day at 8:00 am, 10:00 am, Noon, 2:00 pm, 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm

15 Temperature (F) Cooler TMR All Day Long 104 Florida TMR Trial Average Hourly Temperature (P <.01) Control Ration Guard 90 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM Results Analyzed - McGill University, Canada

16 Temp (F) Cooler in Afternoon Hours TMR Temperature (Average temperature from 2-6 pm) F Cooler (P <.01) Treated Control

17 Temperature (F) Up to 6.9 Cooler in August Florida TMR Trial: Mid-July through Mid-September Average Weekly Temperature (P <.01) Control Ration Guard Week (from July - Sept 99) Results Analyzed - McGill University, Canada

18 Temp (F) Cooler During Hot Summer Average 10-week TMR Temperatures (July 12 through September 18) F Cooler (P <.01) Treated Control Treated Control

19 Florida Green Chop Trial Large Commercial Dairy (10,000 head) Dry Matter between 22 40% Chopped daily at 10:00 am Trial to determine if Ration Guard can reduce temperature gains while Green Chop sits in feed bunk 4 week trial: Temperatures taken 4 times daily

20 Green Chop Trial Facts Green chop fed every morning by 11:00 am Temperatures taken of Green Chop at feeding Temperatures taken at 2 pm, 5 pm, and 6 am the next morning First 15 days no treatment Daily high temperatures ranged from 75 to 93 F Second 15 days Ration Guard at 2 lbs./ton Daily high temperatures ranged from 86 to 97 F

21 Temp (F) Cooler Feed in Higher Temps Avg. Gain in Temp Untreated Treated pm 5pm 6am Untreated (first 15 days): ambient temps = 75 to 93 Treated (second 15 days): ambient temps = 86 to 97 Difference = 10.1 F

22 The Cold Hard Facts Are: Research proven to keep Florida rations cooler in hot summer months Provides fresher feed to encourage higher intake Helps reduce yeast and mold growth to preserve quality of the feed Easy to add to ration Results in greater retention of nutrients Use Ration Guard to protect your TMR diets! Ration Guard is a registered trademark of International Stock Food Corp.

More Feed = More Milk. Dry Matter Intake Used To Express Feed. Intake ASC-135. Donna M. Amaral-Phillips, Roger W. Hemken, and William L.

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