16 Global Climate Change

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 16 Global Climate Change Slide #1

2 Rising Seas May Flood the Maldive Islands Slide #2 Sea levels are rising worldwide. Scientists link this to global climate change. Global climate change threatens the Maldives, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, with flooding, severe storms, erosion, and saltwater contamination. Talk About It Why are rising sea levels a concern for all people, not just those who live on the Maldives Islands?

3 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Slide #3 Without greenhouse gases, Earth would be too cold to support life. What is the difference between climate and weather?

4 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate -- Objectives Slide #4 1. Describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth 2. Discuss the role of wind patterns in determining climate 3. Explain how the oceans affect climate 4. Describe how climate is affected by topography, volcanoes, regional vegetation, and periodic changes in Earth s orbit Vocabulary: greenhouse effect greenhouse gas thermohaline ciruclation El Nino topography

5 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Slide #5 Three factors have more influence on Earth s climate than all others 1) The Sun causes A natural process in which greenhouse gases absorb heat and release it slowly back into the atmosphere a) The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases do not trap* energy that has been converted to heat at Earth s surface. * Did You Know? Greenhouse gases absorb heat and release it slowly, while an actual greenhouse traps warm air inside a structure. * instead the heat is released slowly, acting more like a blanket than a greenhouse

6 Three factors have more influence on Earth s climate than all others 1) The Sun causes Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate b) The Effect of Latitude on heating the earth Latitude is a measure of a place s distance from the equator. In general, the greater the latitude, the cooler a location s overall climate will be. The seasons are also caused by the changing angles at which sunlight strikes Earth. Slide #6

7 Three factors have more influence on Earth s climate than all others 1) The Sun causes Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate c) The Effect of Sunspot Cycle on heating the earth The more sunspots there are on the sun s surface, the more energy it emits. 11 year cycle Probably not a major nor long-term effect on climate Slide #7

8 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Slide #8 POP QUIZ: Use your notes to describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth

9 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Three factors have more influence on Earth s climate than all others Caused by convection currents resulting from rising warm air and falling cool air Transports moisture and heat Global wind patterns move warm air away from equator, toward poles. Cold air moves from poles toward equator. Winds pick up moisture and can carry it for long distances until it falls as precipitation. 2) Wind Slide #9

10 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Three factors have more influence on Earth s climate than all others Ocean currents, which are caused by a combination of unequal heating of water and unequal salinity*, affect climate by transporting heat. El Niño and La Niña are disruptions to normal climate patterns caused by variations in the typical interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. * = thermohaline 3) The Oceans Slide #10 Did You Know? The ocean absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide, causing a global cooling effect. The ocean can hold 50 times more CO 2 than is found in the atmosphere.

11 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Slide #11 Other Factors That Affect Climate 1 Topography: Higher altitudes have cooler temperatures; mountain ranges affect rainfall patterns.

12 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Slide #12 Other Factors That Affect Climate 2 Volcanoes: Gases and particles can temporarily block sunlight, causing air to cool. 3 Vegetation: Plant life promotes cloud formation and absorbs carbon dioxide. 4 Earth s orbit: Changes in Earth s orbit and the tilt of Earth s axis affect the distribution of solar radiation. Did You Know? Ice ages are at least partially caused by changes in Earth s orbit and axis. Mount St. Helens

13 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Recap Slide #13 Discuss with your tablemate and find evidence from your textbook to support these statements: Lesson 1 = The oceans influence Earth s climate Central Case = Earth s climates influences the oceans Be ready to share

14 Lesson 16.1 Our Dynamic Climate Recap Slide #14 1. Describe factors that affect how the sun warms the Earth 2. Discuss the role of wind patterns in determining climate 3. Explain how the oceans affect climate 4. Describe how climate is affected by topography, volcanoes, regional vegetation, and periodic changes in Earth s orbit Vocabulary: greenhouse effect greenhouse gas thermohaline circulation El Nino topography

15 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change Slide #15 According to NASA s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2009 tied for second warmest year on record, just behind The decade spanning was the warmest on record. Global climate change even made the morning the TV shows

16 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Objectives Slide #16 1.Identify evidence of global warming. 2.Explain three methods used to study climate change. 3.State the probable cause of global climate change. Vocab: global climate change proxy indicator fossil fuel global warming climate model

17 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change Slide #17 Evidence of a Warming Earth Rising global surface temperatures Changes in precipitation patterns Melting ice (glaciers, polar ice) Rising sea level (Maldives) Both photos show Sperry Glacier in Montana s Glacier National Park. Top: 1913: Bottom: ºC (1.33ºF) from complex ; Warm water expands, melting ice adds water Did You Know? Since 1986, the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica has lost an area more than 3 times the size of Rhode Island.

18 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change Slide #18 Both photos show Sperry Glacier in Montana s Glacier National Park. Top: 1913: Bottom: 2008 Did You Know? Since 1986, the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica has lost an area more than 3 times the size of Rhode Island.

19 Maldives Islands Slide #19

20 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change Slide #20 Studying Climate Change Direct measurement is used to study today s climate. Proxy indicators, such as patterns in tree rings, give clues about past climates. Models are used to make predictions about future climates. Complex, like the global climate atmosphere and ocean Cross-section of a tree trunk Proxies = ice, pollen in sediments, tree rings

21 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change Slide #21 Finding the Cause of Climate Change According to studies, increases in greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change. The increase in greenhouse gases is mainly due to burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use (cutting forests) Charles Keeling, Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii 1958 = 315 ppm CO = 387 ppm CO 2 May, 2013 = 400 ppm CO 2

22 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Recap Slide #22 Working with your tablemate, use your textbook and find the answers to these questions: 1. Give 2 reasons why increasing temperatures cause sea levels to rise 2.How can this affect the Maldives Islands of the Central Case?

23 Lesson 16.2 Climate Change -- Recap Slide #23 1.Identify evidence of global warming. 2.Explain three methods used to study climate change. 3.State the probable cause of global climate change. Vocab: global climate change proxy indicator fossil fuel global warming climate model

24 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #24 In 2003, a severe heat wave in Europe killed 35,000 people.

25 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Objectives Slide #25 1. State ways in which the warming atmosphere affects ecosystems and organisms. 2. Explain how climate change is affecting people now. 3. Predict future effects of climate change on people. Vocabulary: coral bleaching

26 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap detail Complete this scatter chart Ch 16-3 detail Slide #26 example example example Effects of Climate Change on Living Things detail example detail detail example

27 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #27 Effects on Organisms Habitats shift, usually toward the poles or to higher altitudes. Migrations start earlier in the spring. Problems Obtaining Food Loss of ice makes hunting seals difficult for polar bears. Did You Know? Robins arrive on a Colorado mountaintop about 2 weeks earlier than they did in Migrating sandhill cranes

28 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #28 Effects of a Changing Ocean An increase in ocean temperature is associated with a process called coral bleaching, in which zooxanthellae algae living within corals die. Without the algae, coral cannot survive. Changes in ocean acidity, resulting from an increase in dissolved carbon dioxide, can harm organisms. The color of healthy brain coral comes from algae. When the algae die, as above, coral bleaching occurs. H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid; increases acidity; lower ph;

29 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #29 ph Scale H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid; increases acidity; lower ph;

30 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #30 Current Effects of Global Climate Change Agriculture and forestry: Effects are complex. Can be positive: Lengthened growing season for some crops Can be negative: Droughts and forest fires; shortened growing season Economy: Decreased yields; increased property damage due to severe storms and climate conditions Human health: Extreme heat waves increasingly common, can cause heat stroke and death Damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, in 2005

31 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #31 Pictures from SuperStorm Sandy, 2010 (property damage due to severe storms)

32 Slide #32

33 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change Slide #33 Future Effects of Climate Change Diseases: Warmer temperatures can promote spread of diseases transmitted from animals to people. Sea level: Low-lying populated coastal areas may flood as sea levels rise. Water supply: Saltwater contamination of aquifers resulting from rising sea levels and a decrease in glacial ice may threaten freshwater supplies. Black-legged ticks, known to spread Lyme disease Did You Know? In the United States, 53% of the population lives in coastal areas.

34 Watch this video: Bill Nye explains climate change (4 mins) Bill Nye What if all the ice melted? (6 mins) Bill Nye Climate Change Grief Nat Geo (45 mins) 6 Degrees PBS (60 mins +) Slide # 34

35 Slide #35

36 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap Shifting habitats CA Lilac Robins Complete this scatter chart Effects of Climate Change on Living Things Problems obtaining food Ocean acidity Slide #36 Polar bears, migrating birds Affects corals & other ocean organisms Changes in migration times Warmer ocean temperature Coral bleaching

37 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap Slide #37 Working with your tablemate, use your textbook to answer these questions: 1. Give detailed examples of the effects of climate change on the Maldives 2. What is predicted to be the future impact of climate change on the Maldives?

38 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap Slide #38 answers: > flooding > severity of storms >damage to reefs (protection and food) >threats to drinking water supply (salt water incursion) Future = uninhabitable

39 Lesson 16.3 Effects of Climate Change -- Recap Slide #39 1. State ways in which the warming atmosphere affects ecosystems and organisms. 2. Explain how climate change is affecting people now. 3. Predict future effects of climate change on people. Vocabulary: coral bleaching

40 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #40 Fossil fuel combustion generates 70% of the electricity used in the United States. Energy conserving light bulbs

41 Slide #41 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Objectives 1. List ways to reduce greenhouse gases related to the use and generation electricity. 2. Describe some of the ways of reducing greenhouse gases related to transportation 3. Describe other strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. 4. Explain how nations are working together to try to address climate change Vocab: carbon footprint carbon tax carbon offset Kyoto Protocol carbon sequestration Energy conserving light bulbs

42 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #42 Use and Production of Electricity Carbon footprint: The amount of carbon dioxide for which an individual or group is responsible Most electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Reducing electricity use reduces carbon footprints. Ways to reduce electricity use: Use energy-efficient technologies, which lessen the electricity needed to do a job. Reduce the use of electrical devices and appliances.

43 Slide #43

44 Slide #44 Carbon Footprint Calculate your carbon footprint w/o an ipad Or try this link if you are using an ipad Don t put your real birthday, and you have to select Holland Elementary School

45 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #45 iz_results/

46 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #46

47 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #47

48 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #48 Your footprint is 9.68 metric tons per year The average footprint for people in United States is metric tons The average for the industrial nations is about 11 metric tons The average worldwide carbon footprint is about 4 metric tons The worldwide target to combat climate change is 2 metric tons or.aspx

49 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #49 Alternate Sources of Electricity Alternative Sources of Electricity Nuclear power Solar power Wind power Hydroelectric power Geothermal power Wind turbines

50 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #50 Advances in Vehicle Technology Transportation is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, second only to electricity. Alternatives to fuel-only cars include: Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles Vehicles that use alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas Vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells. Energy Loss in a Car

51 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #51 Reducing Dependence on Cars Biking, walking, and using public transportation are all ways to reduce fossil fuel use. Many communities lack good public transportation. Did You Know? The average American family makes 10 trips by car each day.

52 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #52 Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gases Agriculture / forestry: Reduce soil erosion and replace cut trees, to curb CO 2 emissions Cap-and-Trade: System of emission allowances that can be sold or traded, gives companies incentive to reduce emissions Carbon tax: A tax per unit on emissions Carbon offsets: Instead of directly reducing emissions, companies can make a voluntary payment to a group that reduces or curbs greenhouse gases. Carbon sequestration: Technology is used to trap and store carbon dioxide emissions.

53 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change Slide #53 Cooperation Among Nations The Kyoto Protocol is a binding international effort to reduce greenhouse gases to below 1990 levels. The United States did not sign the Kyoto Protocol. Many nations are planning to develop a new binding agreement to address global climate change some time in the future. The Kyoto Protocol required developed nations to reduce emissions but did not require the same of developing nations, such as China and India, because industrialized nations created the current greenhouse gas problem so we should take the lead in solving it. What do you think of this?

54 How might these groups respond to global climate change? Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Recap Slide #54 Individual Corporations Governments Energy conserving light bulbs

55 How might these groups respond to global climate change? Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Recap Slide #55 Individual Corporations Governments ride bike energy conservation at home fuel efficient car improve energy efficiency better farming practices Cap & Trade improve public transportation legislation (carbon tax) Energy conserving light bulbs

56 Lesson 16.4 Responding to Climate Change -- Recap Slide #56 1. List ways to reduce greenhouse gases related to the use and generation electricity. 2. Describe some of the ways of reducing greenhouse gases related to transportation 3. Describe other strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. 4. Explain how nations are working together to try to address climate change Vocab: carbon footprint carbon tax carbon offset Kyoto Protocol carbon sequestration Energy conserving light bulbs

57 Firefox Slide #57