5.0 SURFACE WATER CONTROL MEASURES

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1 5.0 SURFACE WATER CONTROL MEASURES After performing the analysis summarized above, Burns & McDonnell civil engineers, construction personnel, and environmental personnel walked both Newgate/Phelps Road and Hatchett Hill Road areas on July 21 and 22, Another site walk of both areas was conducted on March 30, Prior to both visits to these areas it had rained steadily for 24 to 36 hours. Some surface runoff, primarily channel flow, was observed. Although not analytically confirmed, observations in the field lead Burns & McDonnell to believe the drainage problems in some areas may be partially due to ground water seepage rather than overland flow, particularly in the Newgate/Phelps Road area. During the summer of 2010 all individuals who indicated they had concerns regarding drainage/runoff issues were invited to meet with Project representatives at their properties to review and discuss these concerns. Many, but not all, of those who had previously indicated these concerns to the Project were interested in such a meeting. On August 3 and 4, 2010 and on September 2, 2010, Project representatives, including construction and environmental personnel, a civil engineer, and a community relations specialist met with several individuals to discuss their concerns. Although not all of these individuals stated they had existing drainage issues, the meetings provided valuable insight into the nature of the existing problems. Most of the existing problems were caused by upslope development (i.e. residential construction), and the grading or cutting of the natural topography that accompanied these developments. The meetings also resulted in confirmation that ground seepage rather than overland flow contributes to some of the existing issues. Based on these site walks and meetings, and further analysis by the civil engineer, the proposed erosion and sedimentation control measures for the Project were modified to provide increased levels of protection in some areas. The control measures are shown on the figures in Appendix A. 5.1 VEGETATION REMOVAL A dense tree canopy currently exists in both areas, however it would be necessary to remove 80 to 100 feet of this forested area along the east side of the existing transmission lines to construct Northeast Utilities 5-1 Burns & McDonnell

2 the Project. Although no impervious surfaces will be created, and only a small percentage of each sub-basin would be impacted, the vegetation removal would result in a small, short-term increase in surface water flow coming from both areas. This increase would be mitigated somewhat because the majority of the stumps from the cut vegetation would be left in place, as would the leaf and duff layer that has accumulated over time. The recommended control measures will ensure that the remainder of the small increase in runoff will be effectively controlled, and would also help minimize the potential for erosion, until site stabilization is achieved. Additionally, many of the hardwood tree and shrub stumps can be expected to start re-sprouting soon after the cutting, sometimes during the same growing season. Many of the stored seeds of a variety of tree, shrub, and herbaceous species in the leaf and duff layers would also respond vigorously to the increased light and water and quickly germinate. Therefore, these areas would very likely re-vegetate themselves quickly. The areas where hemlock is more prevalent (Hatchett Hill Road Area) would likely take longer to re-vegetate, therefore these areas would be more prone to increased erosion potential and higher surface water runoff rates. In all areas, the stability of the sites would be closely monitored by environmental inspectors, including the third party inspector that the CSC has ordered CL&P to hire. This third party inspector will perform weekly inspections of all disturbed sites, and on a bi-weekly basis will report directly to the CSC. If conditions warrant additional controls (beyond current recommendations), any of the following measures, at a minimum, could be used to temporarily stabilize the site until natural vegetation, which will be maintained in an early successional state according to NU s vegetation maintenance standards, has successfully re-established itself: installing staked hay bales, silt fences, filter socks/logs, mulch, and erosion control blankets; as well as seeding disturbed ground with fast growing herbaceous species. It is not anticipated, nor is it recommended, that planting of native trees and shrubs will be necessary within the cleared areas. As stated above, it is expected that the natural vegetation will quickly reestablish itself within these areas. Supplemental plantings of native trees and shrubs Northeast Utilities 5-2 Burns & McDonnell

3 would require regular maintenance (most importantly watering), would likely be impacted by deer and other wildlife browsing, and very likely would quickly be overtopped by the resprouting natural vegetation. As a result mortality of these supplemental plantings would likely be high. 5.2 NEWGATE/PHELPS ROAD AREA SURFACE WATER CONTROL The long-term quantity of runoff is not expected to increase because pre- and post- runoff coefficients are the same. However control measures are proposed to mitigate the small, shortterm increase in runoff and protect against the movement of sediment from disturbed portions of the Project. Due to the linear conditions of the Project Route, the most effective method to manage surface water flow and minimize erosion and sedimentation concerns in the Newgate/Phelps Road area is a combination of rock check dams and silt fence, quick stabilization of disturbed ground to re-establish ground cover, diligent inspection of construction activities as they proceed, and prompt repair or augmentation of the control measures should that be necessary. Due to the difference between concentrated flow and sheet flow, different erosion control measures are recommended. As shown on the Site Drawings in Appendix A, the majority of the sediment control consists of silt fence on the down slope side of the construction and clearing areas to control and filter sheet flow leaving the site. Because the largest threat of erosive volume and velocity results from the installation of on-site improvements, silt fence or wire-reinforced silt fence should be installed up slope from some of the crane pads. This installation provides two benefits: Protecting the crane pads (required to safely construct the Project) from water gaining enough velocity to cause erosive damage to them; and Slowing and managing the surface water as it moves across the site, providing an additional measure of protection for the residents down slope. The typical details for these types of control measures are shown in Appendix B Stone check dams will be installed within several areas of concentrated flow to control and filter surface water runoff leaving. These areas are shown on the Site Drawings in Appendix A, and Northeast Utilities 5-3 Burns & McDonnell

4 are identified by Line List Number (LL#). The LL# is a specific ID number given to each parcel of land along the ROW. They are the orange, four digit numbers shown on the Site Drawings in Appendix A. The proposed stone check dams are near LL#s 1092 and 1093, 1096, 1098 and up slope of LL#s 1130 and An area of concentrated flow identified by the owner of LL# 1083 originates from the forested area uphill and to the east of the ROW. In this area several very small, ephemeral streams in moderately-defined channels converge within the ROW to form one, main channel which carries water to Newgate Road in this area. There also appears to have been some grading done within the ROW in the past to create a berm to intercept water flowing down the hill, and direct it to the south. This berm is currently functioning quite well, and as a result it will be maintained during construction. The water flowing south along the berm has created the channelized flow that is now present. To ensure that the water moving off the ROW within this channel does not exacerbate any existing issues wire reinforced silt fence will be used down slope of the disturbed area to control and filter concentrated and sheet flow leaving the site in this location. During construction if it is determined that the wire reinforced silt fence is not adequate, a stone check dam can be added as an additional control measure. Another area of concentrated flow was identified up slope of LL# 1151 and In this area there are several well-defined ephemeral stream channels generally flowing from east to west. An ATV trail does play a part in intercepting some of this flow, but ultimately the confluence of these channels results in one main channel that directs flow to the south side of LL# Wire reinforced silt fence will be used down slope of the disturbed area to control and filter concentrated and sheet flow leaving the site in this location. During construction if it is determined that the wire reinforced silt fence is not adequate, a stone check dam can be added as an additional control measure. The Typical details for both types of control measures are shown in Appendix B Silt Fence During construction, a typical geotextile silt fence (GSF) would be installed on the downhill side of the disturbed areas. The GSF would provide erosion protection along embankment slopes and Northeast Utilities 5-4 Burns & McDonnell

5 control surface water where sheet flow occurs. (Embankments are all areas not defined as concentrated flow path.) It is expected that runoff entering the site will be minimal, so surface water and erosion and sedimentation control does not appear necessary up slope of the ground disturbing activities associated with the Project. However, silt fence, or in some cases wirereinforced silt fence is recommended up slope of some of the crane pads to provide an additional layer of protection for these disturbed areas Stone Check Dam In areas where concentrated flows have been identified, the use of a typical energy-dissipating stone check dam (SCD) system would be used. A typical, temporary stone check dam would be designed and constructed per section of the 2002 Connecticut Guidelines for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control to safely pass the peak flow expected from a ten-year frequency storm without structural failure and adverse tail water effects. These stone check dams would be particularly effective in protecting water quality at culverts and allowing the culverts to remain operational throughout construction Summary Because CL&P was made aware of pre-existing drainage/surface water runoff problems in this area, the proposed control measures surpass the typical expectations for a utility project of this type. As designed, the control measures would provide sufficient temporary control of sheet flow during a fifty-year storm event and concentrated flow during a ten-year storm event in this area. After a larger storm event the control measures will likely require maintenance. The control measures recommended in this report have been designed to provide adequate control of the existing surface water flow (sheet and concentrated), and a small, temporary increase in surface water flow that can be expected during construction. The control measures would remain in place until the areas have been stabilized. As part of the D&M Plan development, the location of control measures required to protect wetlands and watercourses, prevent sedimentation and erosion issues, and maintain the stability of all improved surfaces (access roads and crane pads) have been determined. The additional control measures proposed in this report will augment these erosion and sedimentation structures as well. The final D&M Plan, as submitted to the CSC, also includes all controls identified in this report. Northeast Utilities 5-5 Burns & McDonnell

6 5.3 HATCHETT HILL ROAD AREA SURFACE WATER CONTROL Long-term the quantity of runoff is not expected to increase because pre- and post- runoff coefficients are the same. However, control measures are proposed to mitigate for the small short-term increase in runoff and protect against the movement of sediment from disturbed portions of the Project. Also at the request of a resident (LL#1034) at the end of Adams Drive and the Town of East Granby a more permanent solution for an existing drainage issue has been developed. Because there were no point sources (concentrated flow) identified in the Hatchett Hill Road area, the most effective method of erosion and sediment control during construction would be the installation of silt fence in conjunction with quick stabilization of any disturbed ground to reestablish ground cover as quickly as possible, diligent inspection of construction activities as they proceed, and prompt repair or augmentation of erosion and sedimentation control measures should that be necessary. As shown on the Site Drawings in Appendix A, the sediment control consists of silt fence on the down slope side of the construction and clearing areas to control and filter sheet flow leaving the site. Furthermore, because the largest threat of erosive volume and velocity results from the installation of on-site improvements, silt fence or wire-reinforced silt fence would be installed up slope from some of the crane pads. This installation provides two benefits: Protecting the crane pads (required to safely construct the Project) from water gaining enough velocity to cause erosive damage to them; and Slowing and managing the surface water as it moves across the site, providing an additional measure of protection for the residents down slope. The typical detail for this type of control measure is shown in Appendix B. The resident s concern is that Marsh Pond often exceeds the capacity of its basin and water begins to backup towards his property. Based on GIS analysis and on site observations, CL&P has determined that surface water likely traverses the property from north to south, towards Marsh Pond. The property is also lower in elevation than the adjacent scrub/shrub wetland in the Northeast Utilities 5-6 Burns & McDonnell

7 ROW to the east. Therefore as water moves from north to south along the ROW and through this wetland it likely reaches this property. The drainage area contributing to LL# 1034 is approximately 41.0 acres (see Figure 4, Subbasin Map #1). Runoff from Hatchet Hill in this drainage area is roughly 33.5 cfs and 39 cfs for a ten-year and twenty five-year storm respectively. To help alleviate this condition, CL&P has developed a permanent solution to a pre-existing condition. CL&P proposes to install a permanent channel along the east side of the existing access road to divert the majority of the runoff (approximately 39 of the 41 acres) to the south beyond LL 1034 & 1033 towards Marsh Pond. The proposed channel will be trapezoidal with a 6-foot wide bottom, 1-foot minimum depth, 3:1 side slopes, and a slope of 2.86%. Rock check dams will also be inserted in the channel to minimize potential for any erosion in the channel. A little over two acres (area west of the existing access road) will continue to drain towards LL As part of the construction effort, temporary crane pads will be installed near existing structure 3161 and proposed structure 0028; and two sets of twin 24 diameter culverts will be temporarily installed to carry the flow under the access drives to the crane pads. These culverts and crane pads will be removed and the channel re-established once the work is completed. One set of twin culverts will be permanently installed to carry runoff under the access road south of proposed structure Both the channel and culverts are designed to adequately convey the surface water runoff for a 25+ year storm event. The channel, check dams and culverts will be maintained as necessary to ensure that they continue to function properly. While solutions to pre-existing surface water issues are not typically required for these types of projects, L&P has endeavored to include such elements in this Plan in an effort to be responsive to very real local concerns. It should also be noted that this Plan has been reviewed by, and has received the support of, the East Granby Town Engineer, who has been aware of this existing issue for the last 30 years. Northeast Utilities 5-7 Burns & McDonnell

8 5.3.1 Silt Fence During construction, a typical geotextile silt fence (GSF) would be installed on the downhill side of the disturbed areas. The GSF would provide erosion protection along embankment slopes and control surface water where sheet flow occurs. (Embankments are all areas not defined as concentrated flow path.) It is expected that runoff entering the site is anticipated to be minimal, so surface water and erosion and sedimentation control does not appear necessary up slope of the ground disturbing activities associated with the Project. However, silt fence, or in some cases wire-reinforced silt fence is recommended up slope of some of the crane pads to provide an additional layer of protection for these disturbed areas Summary Because CL&P was made aware of pre-existing drainage/surface water runoff problems in this area, the proposed control measures surpass the typical expectations for a utility project of this type. As designed, the silt fence would provide sufficient temporary control of sheet flow during a fifty-year storm event in this area during construction and until the area has been stabilized. After a storm event greater than a fifty-year, the control measures are likely to require maintenance by the contractor. These measures will not provide ground water control within or outside this area, nor will they permanently reduce the amount of runoff that ultimately leaves the area. However, the proposed drainage channel is designed as a more permanent control and will divert a significant amount of the runoff away from LL#1034, which should reduce the localized flooding that now accurs on that property. As part of the D&M Plan development, the location of control measures required to protect wetlands and watercourses, prevent sedimentation and erosion issues, and maintain the stability of all improved surfaces (access roads and crane pads) have been determined. The additional control measures proposed in this report will augment these erosion and sedimentation structures as well. The final D&M Plan, as submitted to the CSC, also includes all controls identified in this report. Northeast Utilities 5-8 Burns & McDonnell

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