Conserving Land and Soil (continued)

Transcription

1 Name Date Class Land, Water, and Air Resources Guided Reading and Study Conserving Land and Soil (continued) Types of Land Use 1. Complete the concept map. Uses of land that change the land include 2. Why can less than a third of Earth s land be farmed? 3. List three ways that new farmland can be created. a. b. c. 4. The construction of buildings, roads, bridges, dams, and other structures is called. 5. Circle the letter of each choice that is a result of development. a. Decrease in farmland b. Increase in wilderness areas c. Decrease in wildlife habitats d. Increase in cropland 6. The removal of nonrenewable resources from the land is called. 7. Complete the Venn diagram. Removes resources near the surface Removes resources from the ground Removes resources deep underground

2 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class 8. Is the following sentence true or false? Strip mining involves carrying minerals up through shafts dug in the ground. The Structure of Soil 9. Circle the letter of each choice that is a way people depend on soil. a. To provide plants with nutrients b. To store and filter water c. To break down wastes d. To recycle chemical substances needed for life 10. Circle the letter of each choice that is part of the structure of fertile soil. a. litter b. topsoil c. subsoil d. bedrock Match the soil layer with what it contains. Soil Layer 11. litter 12. topsoil 13. subsoil Contents a. Rock fragments, water, and air b. Dead leaves and grass c. Rock fragments, nutrients, water, air, and decaying animal and plant matter

3 Name Date Class Conserving Land and Soil (continued) 14. The rock that makes up Earth s crust is called. 15. Is the following sentence true or false? It takes about ten years to form a few centimeters of new soil. 16. How is bedrock broken down to form soil? Soil Management 17. List three problems that can result from poor soil management. a. b. c. 18. The process by which water, wind, or ice moves particles of rocks or soil is. 19. List the soil conservation practice that is shown in the drawing. 20. The process of soil becoming less fertile is called.

4 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class Match each soil conservation practice with its description. Soil Conservation Practice 21. leaving fields fallow 22. applying fertilizer 23. crop rotation Description a. Adding nutrients that help crops grow better b. Planting different crops in a field each year c. Leaving fields unplanted 24. What is desertification? 25. Is the following sentence true or false? In the past 50 years, a large amount of land has undergone desertification. 26. Complete the flowchart to show how climate can cause desertification. Drought occurs 27. The process of restoring land to a more natural, productive state is called. 28. Is the following sentence true or false? Land reclamation is currently underway all over the world. 29. Is the following sentence true or false? It is easier to restore damaged land and soil than it is to protect them. 30. How can an open mine be restored to agricultural land?

5 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class The Problem of Waste Disposal 1. What is municipal solid waste? 2. What are other sources of solid waste? 3. List three methods of handling solid waste. a. b. c. 4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about incineration. a. It refers to the burning of solid waste. b. It can be used to generate electricity. c. It gets rid of solid waste completely. d. It is a cheap way to handle solid waste. 5. A place where solid waste is buried is called a(n). 6. A polluted liquid that forms when rainwater dissolves chemicals in landfill waste is referred to as. 7. How does a sanitary landfill differ from an open dump? 8. Label each circle in the Venn diagram with the method of solid waste management it represents. May pollute groundwater May cause pollution May pollute the air

6 Name Date Class Waste Disposal and Recycling (continued) Recycling 9. What is recycling? 10. Is the following sentence true or false? Recycling reduces the volume of solid waste. 11. A substance that can be broken down and recycled by bacteria and other decomposers is said to be. 12. List the four major categories of products that are recycled. a. b. c. d. 13. What are some common metal objects that can be recycled? 14. What products can be made from recycled plastic milk jugs and soda bottles? 15. Is the following sentence true or false? Glass is one of the most difficult products to recycle. 16. Why can paper be recycled only a few times? 17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about recycling. a. It conserves resources. b. It creates no pollution. c. It saves energy. d. It can be used for all types of solid waste.

7 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class Land, Water, and Air Resources Guided Reading and Study What People Can Do 18. Complete the concept map. Three ways individuals can control solid waste are to 19. Helping natural decomposition processes break down waste is called. 20. How can compost be used? Hazardous Wastes 21. Is the following sentence true or false? Hazardous waste is any material that can harm human health or the environment. Match the category of hazardous waste with its definition. Category of Hazardous Waste Definition 22. toxic a. Waste that reacts very quickly 23. explosive b. Waste that dissolves many materials 24. flammable c. Waste that is poisonous 25. corrosive d. Waste that easily catches fire

8 Name Date Class Land, Water, and Air Resources Guided Reading and Study Waste Disposal and Recycling (continued) 26. Is the following sentence true or false? Some radioactive waste can remain dangerous for thousands of years. 27. Is the following sentence true or false? A person can be exposed to hazardous wastes only by eating or drinking them. 28. Is the following sentence true or false? Long-term exposure to hazardous wastes can be life threatening. 29. List the methods of hazardous waste disposal. a. b. c. d. 30. Is the following sentence true or false? Scientists have been able to develop completely safe methods for disposing of radioactive wastes. 31. How are high-level radioactive wastes currently stored? 32. Is the following sentence true or false? The best way to manage hazardous wastes is to produce less of them in the first place. 33. What can you do at home to reduce hazardous wastes?

9 Name Date Class Water Pollution and Solutions Use Target Reading Skills Before you read, preview Figure 13. Then write two questions that you have about the diagram in the graphic organizer below. As you read, answer your questions. Water Pollution Q. What are some household causes of water pollution? A. Q. A. Water A Limited Supply 1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth s water supply. a. Water is a scarce resource. b. About half the water on Earth is in the form of fresh water. c. Salt water cannot be used for drinking or watering crops. d. About three quarters of Earth s fresh water is in the form of ice. 2. Water stored in layers of soil and rock beneath Earth s surface is called. 3. How does the water cycle purify water? 4. What is a drought? Water Pollution 5. Substances that cause pollution are called. 6. How can pollution affect water in areas far from its source?

10 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class Land, Water, and Air Resources Guided Reading and Study 7. Is the following sentence true or false? Most pollution is the result of human activities. 8. List four human activities that produce wastes that can end up in water. a. b. c. d. 9. The water and human wastes that are washed down sinks, toilets, and showers are called. 10. List three kinds of agricultural wastes. a. b. c. 11. Particles of rock and sand in running water are called. 12. How do sediments affect organisms in water? 13. How can hot water cause pollution? Keeping Water Clean 14. Complete the concept map. Three ways to keep water clean are

11 Name Date Class Water Pollution and Solutions (continued) 15. Is the following sentence true or false? Few communities treat wastewater before returning it to the environment. Match each major step in sewage treatment with its description. Step 16. primary treatment 17. secondary treatment Description a. Using bacteria to break down wastes b. Using filters to remove solid materials 18. What are two ways industries can reduce pollution? 19. Is the following sentence true or false? Oil is a pollutant that nature can handle in small amounts. 20. How do bacteria break down oil in the ocean? 21. Is the following sentence true or false? Gasoline or oil that leaks from an underground tank is easy to clean up. 22. How can polluted groundwater be cleaned up? 23. How can individuals prevent water pollution at home?

12 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class Air Pollution and Solutions This section describes how air becomes polluted and explains how air pollution causes acid rain. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, identify three causes of air pollution. Write the information in the graphic organizer below. Causes Factory and power plant emissions Effect Air pollution 1. Pollutants that are released into the air are called. 2. What is the largest source of emissions that cause air pollution today? 3. Name one natural cause of air pollution. Smog 4. A thick brownish haze formed when certain gases in the air react with sunlight is called. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? The major sources of photochemical smog are the gases emitted by factories. 6. What is the major chemical found in smog? 7. What is a temperature inversion?

13 Name Date Class Land, Water, and Air Resources Guided Reading and Study Air Pollution and Solutions (continued) 8. Which layer of air shown in the drawing below is the warmest during a temperature inversion? A B C 9. Why does a temperature inversion make smog more concentrated and dangerous? 10. What are the health effects of smog? Acid Rain 11. Precipitation that is more acidic than normal because of air pollution is called. 12. Complete the flowchart to show how acid rain forms. produces Nitrogen oxides react with water vapor to form Burning coal and oil Sulfuric acid produces react with water vapor to form

14 Land, Water, and Air Resources Name Date Class 13. What are the effects of acid rain? Indoor Air Pollution 14. What substances cause indoor air pollution? 15. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about carbon monoxide. a. It is colorless and odorless. b. It forms in rocks underground. c. It is harmless to people. d. It cannot be detected. 16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about radon. a. It is colorless and odorless. b. It is caused by incomplete burning. c. It may cause cancer. d. It is radioactive. Reducing Air Pollution 17. The key to reducing air pollution is to control. 18. Complete the Venn diagram. Found in factories Reduce emissions Found in cars and trucks 19. Why does using less energy reduce air pollution?