1 st Six Weeks Pre-Test

Transcription

1 Name Period 1 st Six Weeks Pre-Test You enter the classroom and your teacher tells you to stand on one side of the room. You see on your laboratory table a lab procedure, a glass beaker with a blue liquid in it, a pipette, glass, graduated cylinder, petri dish, leaves and goggles. 1 What is the first thing you should do? put the goggles on waft the beaker wait for teacher directions read the procedure 2 Which of the following is a safety risk for your eyes, and would be a reason for wearing goggles? I. unknown blue liquid II. glass beaker III. glass graduated cylinder IV. glass petri dish I I, II, III II, III, IV I, II, III, IV 3 fter observing a compost bin, a student wanted to investigate what microscopic organisms were living in it. What equipment would be needed to view the microscopic organisms. graduated cylinder, meter stick, thermometer balance, hand lens, beaker microscope, microscope slides, notebook 1 st Six hot Weeks plate, Pre-Test stereoscope, tape measure 1

2 4 Which diagram best represents the process of photosynthesis? 5 What kind of energy is necessary to initiate the process of photosynthesis? radiant heat electrical wind 2

3 6 o plants need energy to grow? If yes, where do they get it from? 7 escribe what you consider food and how do you use it. 8 escribe what plants use for food and how they use it? 9 o plants depend on light to grow? Why or why not? 10 In the space below, draw a diagram showing photosynthesis. Make sure you label all of the products and reactants and give a written description. 3

4 11 The annual goal of the Preservation Middle School Environmental lub is to reduce the amount of solid waste it contributes to the landfill by collecting and composting food waste from the school cafeteria. Students then take the rich soil from the compost bins and put it in the school flower gardens. This composting is a form of. respiration pollution recycling fermentation 12 Leftover food can be put into compost bins, and after a few weeks turns into soil. What is occurring in the compost bin? ecaying causes the food to become cold. Energy leaves the food. Matter is recycled through decay. New elements are formed 4

5 13 ompost bins are containers where items such as food scraps, paper, and yard trimmings are combined with water and air, and are allowed to break down and decompose. This produces a nutrient rich product that can be used for fertilizer. What happens to the energy from these materials as they decompose? There is no energy in dead organisms. No energy is lost as the materials decompose. The energy stays in the compost bin. Some of the energy is released as heat. 14 Josie added grass clippings, fungi, and worms to her class s compost bin. What is the best way to show the flow of energy among the organisms found in the compost bin? 5

6 15 escribe how energy enters an ecosystem. Using the diagram below of a grassland ecosystem, answer the following questions: 16 raw and label an energy pyramid to represent this ecosystem. 17 ompare the amount of energy available in each of the levels of the pyramid. 18 escribe in words how the energy is flowing through this ecosystem. 6

7 19 Mario diagrammed a food web of algae, snails, ducks, frogs, and snakes that he observed during a summer trip to his grandparents farm. What is the correct arrangement of these organisms on an trophic level pyramid. 7

8 Use the desert food web below to answer the following questions: Mrs. Keadle JH Science 20 How is this ecosystem MOST likely to be affected by a large increase in the number of rats? The snake population will decrease. There will be an increase in the number of snakes, coyotes and hawks. There will be a decrease in the number of coyotes and hawks. There will be an increase in the number of cacti and sagebrush plants. 21 Who are the producers? cacti and sagebrush hawks and coyotes ants and tarantulas rats and snakes 8

9 22 Which of the following organisms can utilize photosynthesis? 23 What happens to the solar energy absorbed by plants during photosynthesis? I. animals II. plants III. fungi It is recycled by plants and returned to the atmosphere. I and II I and III It is converted into oxygen and carbon dioxide. II and III II only It is stored as heat within the plant for cellular functions It is converted into chemical energy 24 Michigan s Isle Royale is a small island in the northwestern part of Lake Superior which is home to a few thousand moose and wolves. Wildlife scientists have studied the island s food chains for years. uring the 1980 s, scientists noticed that as the old moose population increased, the number of wolves increased, and as the numbers of old moose decreased, the number of wolves decreased. What can be concluded from this passage? Wolves prey on older moose. Young moose are protected by their mothers. Vegetation on Isle Royale decreases as the moose population ages. Wolves do not prey on female moose and their calves. 9

10 25 Mushrooms and bacteria serve an important role in an ecosystem, that of decomposer. ecomposers break down the organic material of once living organisms such as carbon and nitrogen. Why are decomposers important to the ecosystem? They release stored energy and nutrients from dead organisms into the ecosystem. They eat the dead animals in the ecosystem, cleaning the habitat. They provide a direct food source for producers and consumers in the ecosystem. They are not an important component in the ecosystem. 26 escribe how a secondary consumer is dependent on the sun for energy. 27 When energy is passing through a food web, some of the energy is lost. How much of the energy is passed from one level to the next? 1% 10% 50% 90% 10

11 28 Wetlands are made up of many individual parts that make up the total wetland system. Which statement best describes how an abiotic part of the wetland can affect the wetland as a whole? acteria break down the waste and remains of plants Sunlight enables plants to capture energy and make food. Layers of partially decayed moss compress to form peat. ecomposers consume the waste and remains of animals. 29 What will happen to the consumers in this ecosystem if the producers die? The consumers will use sunlight to grow and reproduce. The consumers will leave the area to find other food sources. The consumers will die from lack of oxygen. The consumers will get all their nutrients from the water. 11

12 30 In a germinating seed, the downward growth of roots and upward growth of leaves and stems are the plant s response to. sunlight gravity osmosis water 31 What is a stimulus? 32 What caused this plant s behavior? a change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to respond a violent disturbance in the atmosphere clouds that form in flat layers the opening on the underside of most leaves gravitropism thigmotropism lack of turgor pressure negative homeostasis 12

13 33 Marcia places her plant near the window for one week. She waters the plant every day. What will happen to the plant after one week? it's leaves and flowers will stay the same it's leaves and flowers will grow toward the floor it's leaves and flowers will grow toward the light in the window it's leaves and flowers will grow away from the light in the window 34 scientist planted two morning glory vines. He put a stake near the first vine.the first vine grew upward, coiling around the stake, while the second vine grew low to the ground. Why did only the first vine grow upward? it responded positively to the stimulus of touching the stake it responded more strongly to light than the second vine it responded less strongly to gravity than the second vine it responded negatively to the stimulus of touching the ground 13

14 35 venus fly trap closing in response to a fly is an example of phototropism thigmotropism gravitropism hydrotropism 38 cat hisses when it sees a dog. The hissing is an example of a stimulus a response courtship behavior a circadian rhythm 36 n organism that grows or moves away from light or any other stimulus is said to show positive tropism photosynthesis negative hormones negative tropism 39 Which of the following instruments is best for measuring the mass of an object? spring scale graduated cylinder triple beam balance beaker 37 student needs to measure 9.75 ml of a liquid. What measuring device should the student use for the most accurate measurement? beaker petri dish measuring cup graduated cylinder 14

15 40 Identify the situation in which NO work is being done. 41 Identify a situation in which work is being done. turning a page in a science book reading a science book resting a science book against the wall holding a science book 42 What evidence proves that no work is being done on an object? an objects remains stationary an object moves an object has mass an object is heavy 43 How much work is done if 2N of force is used to move a box 4m?.5J 2J 4J 8J 15

16 44 batter walks up to home plate with his bat, stands with his bat in the air, swings his bat, and makes contact with the ball. In which part of this situation is NO work occurring? batter walks up to home plate with his bat batter stands with his bat in the air batter swings the bat batter makes contact with the ball 2N 6m 4N 3m 45 In the diagrams above, who is doing more work to move the barrel into the truck? 46 In the diagram above, who has to use more force to move the barrel in the truck? The man using the short ramp is doing more work. The man using the short ramp has to use more force. The man using the long ramp is doing more work They are both using the same amount of work. There is not enough information to tell. The man using the long ramp has to use more force. They are both using the same amount of force. There is not enough information to tell 16

17 Your teacher has asked you to set up an experiment on how the angle of a ramp affects the amount of force needed to move a 1kg object. Think about how you would set up that experiment and answer the following questions. 1kg 47 Which of the following pieces of equipment would you use for the experiment? 48 Which of the following data tables should be used to collect the data? I II III IV V ramp triple beam balance spring scale graduated cylinder 1 kg mass I, II, and V I, III, and V I, II, III, and V I, III, and IV 17

18 Use the following data from a force experiment to make a conclusion. 49 Trial 1: when the ramp was set at 90 degrees, it took 10N of force to move the 1 kg object. Trial 2: when the ramp was set at 60 degrees, it took 8.6N of force to move the 1 kg object. Trial 3: when the ramp was set at 30 degrees, it took 5N of force to move the 1 kg object. First, label the diagrams for trial 2 and 3 to illustrate these results. Trial 1 has already been done for you as an example. Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 10N 1 kg What conclusion can you make from this data? Make sure you write in complete sentences. 18