1 st WUI Symposium on Sustainable Urban Water Environment

Transcription

1 1 st WUI Symposium on Sustainable Urban Water Environment SIGNIFICANT CRITERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD SANITATION FACILITY IN SPECIFIC SETTLEMENT AREAS (CASE STUDY: COMMUNITY OF RIVER/SWAMP AND COASTAL AREA, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE) PRAYATNI SOEWONDO, PRADWI SUKMA AYU PUTRI, DIAN P. APRIADI AND DYAH WULANDARI PUTRI Programme Study of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jakarta, March 14 th, 2016

2 Background - Get to know floating and flooded communities - Problem statement Methodology - Location of Study - CFA Result and Discussion Conclusions

3 Background Specific area (Challenging areas) is a an area which either geographic condition and weather is hard to implemented. In this case, the challenging area can be proceed because of land provider, improper land condition, the wet land, pit latrine and the difficulties when construct the pipe. The challenging areas following by; a. coastal area, b. river bank area, c. swampy area, d. floading area, e. high moisture area like close to the lake. Indonesian people who live in specific areas have problems in the provision of sanitation facilities (Djonoputro et al., 2010) Most of the sanitation facilities provided by the government or non unsustainable use and maintanance (OP) The first step is assessing sustainability : to interpret the needs of users (community) into criteria Community capacity Criteria in Specific Settlement area

4 COASTAL Latrine Type SWAMP Floating latrine Stilt House RIVER

5 Problem Statement Communities Part of urban slum area, exist and grow mainly because of economical reason Mostly are illegal settlement, not priority area to be developed Providing Wastewater System Some technical and nontechnical problems in Applying wastewater system for those communities Need evaluation for applied wastewater system in floating and flooded communities Lack of Sanitation facilities, including wastewater system facilities

6 Location of Study Specific settlement areas: Ulu district, Palembang City 2. Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency

7 Research Methodology Objectives : Measuring community capacity level in specific settlement areas Hyphothesis: Sustainability is supported/influenced by Internal and external factors of communities Instrument measuremnet and data collection Analysist Methodology Level of community capacity Questionnairre Field Observation Quantitative Analysist Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Qualitative Analysist Descriftif Statistic Category : - High - Medium - Low

8 Questionnaire Design Used Variable Social - Cultural Sampling technique Random Sampling Motivation Capacity Sampling Size Slovin Method : 200 responden Stakeholder s roles Management Analysis Choosing the significant variable using CFA method Community capacity level : descriptive statistics and scoring method

9 Result and Discussion Condition Existing Community in swamp area Water Supply Resources Community in Coastal Area

10 Result and Discussion 1 Condition Existing Type of Private Toilet 2 3 Wastewater treatment facilities as container Wood latrien Directly charge to river Fabricated toilet which pipe drectly charge to the river

11 Result and Discussion Condition Existing 1 2 Public Toilet 3 Untreated public toilet condition Failure in treatment system Several public toilet in locked condition

12 Result and Discussion Condition Existing Local community still have unfeasible wastewater treatment system Local community still have lack of awareness for public toilet facilities

13 Qualitative Analysis : Descriptive Statistics Social Culture Motivation Stakeholder Capacity management Explanation Motivation Capacity Knowledge, reason behind action, sanitation preferences Participation, knowledge, access and material availability, willingness to pay Management Commitment, opinion about public facilities

14 Qualitative Analysis : Descriptive Statistics Social Culture Motivation Stakeholder Capacity management Knowledge of toilet waste Important to know where the waste removed? Knowing important waste from toilet that discharged directly to the river will pollute the river? know, but do not know what to do or can do any other way to dispose the waste Awareness 55% 74% low Why choose the river? Easy and its free Why not build your own toilet? Because it is too expensive Motivation Reason bathing and defecating into rivers 87.5% 60%

15 Motivation to participate in local development program Sanitation Preferention Reason does not want to participate? No time 42.3% interest in rural development programs: Low Reason active in the village development programs? Useful for me and my family 45% 57% Midle Wet toilet Why choose wet toilet? Because it has become a culture / habit Private toilet Why choose private toilet? Because it does not need to be shared and there is no line to get into the toilet 100% 74,4% 95% 56.5% Participation Preferention

16 Qualitative Analysis : Descriptive Statistics Social Culture Motivation Stakeholder Capacity management Explanation Motivation Capacity Knowledge, motive / sanitation behavior preference Participation, knowledge, access and material availability, willingness to pay Management Commitment, opinion about public facilities

17 Forms of participation Only participated at planning/ implementation level 34.2% As workers 58.7% More likely being invited 85.9% Participating frequencies: 1-2 times / year 39.5% improved latrine is: WC+waste container+pipelines+won t clogged Main consideration in building latrine : its function An improved and healthy latrine building: WC+clean water+pipelines+septic tank Perceptions in improved & healthy latrine 54.6% 46.5% 78% high participation low knowledge

18 Capacity Access and materials availability Where to buy: material shop near home 72.5% Willingness to Pay (WTP) materials availability 84% Accessibility 78.5% Willingness to pay 61% Willingness to pay : Rp / month Willingness to pay for suctioning : Rp WTP to build toilet: < IDR 84.5% 98% 66.5% High Accessibility Low WTP

19 Qualitative Analysis : Descriptive Statistics Social Culture Motivation Stakeholder Capacity management Explanation Motivation Capacity Knowledge, motive / sanitation behavior preference Participation, knowledge, access and material availability, willingness to pay Management Commitment, opinion about public facilities

20 Qualitative Analysis : Descriptive Statistics Social Culture Motivation Stakeholder Capacity Management Commitment to pay Facility Management : public toilet Always pay dues for the benefit of the village? Never 44% average Desired management for public facilities? Managed together by: community, village officials and government 62.5% Commitment to pays Management preferences

21 Community capacity level High High Accessibility Knowledge of latrine treatment system Low Low Low Participation of participation Awareness Motivation WTP Medium Medium Participation Preferences Matrix for community capacity Commitment to pays Management preferences Variabel High Average Low Capacity Motivation Managemen t 1 1 1

22 Perceptual Maps of Community Capacity Level in Study Area High Capacity Average Motivation Management Low

23 Comparison Capacity Level High Capacity level High Motivation Capacity Average Average Motivation Management Management Low Low Map Quadrant 1: motivation and capacity are located in lower quadrant tends to be high, management located in moderate to lower quadrant Map Quadrant 2: motivation located in moderate quadrant, capacity located in moderate quadrant tends to be high, management located in moderate to lower quadrant

24 Scoring predictions for continuation management of household toilet facilities potential Sustainability score prediction Continuation category predictions Sanimas facility 1 20 Low Sanimas facility 2 13 Low Sanimas facility 3 24 Middle Sanimas facility 4 23 Middle

25 Scoring predictions for continuation management of household toilet facilities potential Aspects of assessment Sanimas facility 1 (RT 55) Sanimas facility 2 (RT 06) Sanimas facility 3 (RT 19) Sanimas facility 4 (RT 13) Score Score Score Score Year built (facilities age) Administrator Number of families user Dues per month Access using the toilet Social conflict Physical condition of the building Cleanliness Water availability Management Operations & maintenance (septic tanks suction ) Total

26 Conclusions From 5 variables: social culture, motivation, capacity, Stakholder, and management. With assumption variable, CFA shown that the three significants variables are capacity, motivation and management. From Scoring result, the prediction of potential sustainability for domestic facilities shown that potential prediction from mangament tend to medium category Results of the study showed that the level of community capacity in specific settlements area particularly river/swamp and coastal settlements in South Sumatera Province is categorized into medium to low level of capacity These results is expected to support the framework of specific settlements sanitation program in the future.

27 THANK YOU Stimulating Local innovation on Sanitation for Urban Poor in South East Asia and Africa, by : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Programmed Study of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung