Potential for Phytotoxicity of Mogeton 25 WP (Quinoclamine) on Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum )

Transcription

1 Potential for Phytotoxicity of Mogeton 25 WP (Quinoclamine) on Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Ron Lane Dylan Hodgkiss Project Interregional Research Project #4 Project Number A October 21, 25 Donors/Supporters Suncrest Nursery, Watsonville, CA UC Davis Environmental Horticulture IR4 Center Department of Plant Sciences University of California One Shields Ave. Davis, CA http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ir4

2 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Investigator (Name, Address, Phone#, e- mail, etc) Dr. Heiner Lieth Department of Plant Sciences University of California One Shields Ave. Davis, CA Ph FAX jhlieth@ucdavis.edu Location of Trial TRIAL TYPE (field, container, greenhouse, etc) Chemical - Common Name UC Davis Greenhouse containers Quinoclamine - Formulation Wettable Powder 25% - Batch Number - Product Mogeton - EPA Registration Number CAS number Manufacture Crompton USE INFORMATION - Plant Common Name Fountain Grass - Plant Scientific Name Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum - Pest (s) / Pathogen(s) / Weed(s) Liverworts Soil Type or Type of Potting Mix UC Mix % Sand % Silt % Clay % OM ph Enter each DATE for Seeding Emergence Transplanting 8/8/25 Enter each SPACING for Plant or Pot 6 inches Row 6 inches Enter each SIZE for Pot 6-inch Plot 45 feet 2 Experimental Design Randomized Complete Block Number of Reps 3 blocks X 3reps/block = 9 replicates total for each treatment 2

3 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 APPLICATION PARAMETERS1 Type of Application (aerial, ground, foliar, drench, ppi, chemigation, broadcast, directed, etc) Number of Applications Application Type Nozzle Type/Size Foliar spray 2, four weeks apart Over the top Manual spray bottles Nozzle Pressure Delivery Rate Calibration Date(s) APPLICATION SUMMARY APPLICATION DATE RATES (a.i./1 gallons water) (Be sure to provide units) Brief Description of Growth Stage (Dormant, New Growth Present, Bud, etc) 8/16/25, 2, 4, 8 oz./gal Vegetative, 1 week post-transplant 9/13/25, 2, 4, 8 oz./gal Vegetative, 4 weeks post-transplant RAINFALL/IRRIGATION RECORDS INCLUDE RAINFALL/IRRIGATION INFORMATION (printouts, IR-4 forms, etc.) The plants were watered daily during the 9-week experiment with half-strength Hoagland s solution using a drip irrigation system delivering 1 gallon per hour. 3

4 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 OTHER PESTICIDES, FERTILIZER, LIME AND ADJUVANTS USED PRODUCT AMOUNT DATE Dursban 5W 2.5 g/1 gal 9/23/25 Pylon 1.5 ml/1 gal 9/23/25 Silwett.5 tsp/1 gal 9/23/25 Avid 7 ml/3 gal 1/7/25 Sevin 5W 6 tsp/3 gal 1/7/25 Tame 2.4EC.5 oz/3 gal 1/21/25 Heritage 18 g/3 gal 1/21/25 Silwett.25 oz/ 3 gal 1/21/25 Safari.32 oz/ 4 gal 1/24/25 Avid.32 oz/4 gal 1/24/25 NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF METHODS AND RESULTS (Use more pages if needed) Materials and Methods Plant Material and Culture. Liners of Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum were received from Suncrest Nursery July 26, 25. These were transplanted into 6-inch pots containing UC Mix on August 8, 25 and maintained in a greenhouse under natural day length for 1 week until the experiment began on August 16, 25. For the experiment, the plants were transferred to a greenhouse under natural day length with day/night temperatures of 75 /62 F (24 /16 C) (Figure 1). The trial was terminated at week 9 due to the fact that the plants were rapidly outgrowing the containers. So rather than subject plants to the additional stress (water stress due to plants being much too large for the pot; overcrowding on the bench), the trial was terminated at week 9 rather than at week 12 as specified in the IR4 protocol. The plants were watered daily during the 9-week experiment with half-strength Hoagland s solution using a drip irrigation system delivering 1 gallon per hour. Applications of pesticides as part of a normal pest management program were made as needed (see above). Experimental Procedure. Thirty-six plants were randomly chosen and individually tagged for treatment with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gal Mogeton with 9 replicates per treatment. These dosages were prescribed in IR4 Ornamental Protocol 5-4 dated 5/5 (Appendix A). The plants received the first foliar spray application on August 16, 25 and the second application 4 weeks later on September 13, 25. The plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 blocks and 3 treatment replicates per block (Figure 2). Phytotoxicity ratings and plant height and width measurements were taken at week, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9. Visual phytotoxicity evaluations were based on a numerical rating scale ranging from (no injury) to 1 (complete kill) (Table 1). Plant height (cm) was measured from the container soil surface to the top of the canopy. Plant width (cm) was measured twice along perpendicular lines at a point 7 cm above the soil surface, resulting in W 1 and W 2. For each observation a canopy volume index was calculated so as to be able to determine if canopy volume was affected by the application of Mogeton. The calculation was made as H*W 1 *W 2, where H is the height and W 1 and W 2 are two width measurements. The usefulness of this index is based on the fact that many of the models for such a volume calculation are of the form a*h*w 1 *W 2. The constant a depends on the assumption of the shape of the canopy. Since analyses of variance are scale-independent, the conclusion will thus be for the volume of the plant canopy. 4

5 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Statistical Analysis. The data were analyzed using Proc GLM of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The phytotoxicity and change in mean value from the starting plant height, width and volume index were analyzed for significant differences using t-tests. Results All phytoxicity index value increases over the initial condition (week ) were less than 1. (Table 2, Figure 3, Appendix B). Even where the mean increase in the control and the mean increase in the treatment (at a particular week) were found to be significantly different, the amounts were so small as to represent no damage to the plants. The height increases ranged from 173 to 181 cm and the width increases ranged from 34 to 44 cm over the 9 weeks of the trial (Table 2, Figures 3 and 4, Appendix B). No significant differences in the height increases were observed between the treatments. For the width increase, there was a trend to slightly narrower plants with increasing treatment dosage. However this trend was significant only at the 1% level. The volume index increases also showed a declining trend with increasing dosage. The individual 9-week mean increases of the plant growth variable of the control and 1X (2 oz/gal) treatment were not significantly different. Discussion Mogeton had no phytotoxic effect on Pennisetum setaceum. The plants grew very rapidly and Mogeton did not affect the height. There seemed to be an effect on plant width and canopy volume but with the typical vigorous growth of this plant, this is more likely to be an advantage than a disadvantage. Thus we conclude that Mogeton is safe on Pennisetum setaceum. GOOD RESEARCH PRACTICE STATEMENT I acknowledge that I have read and followed the IR-4 Research protocol and completed this trial following good agricultural practice, or reported any deviations (note any changes from authorized protocol in narrative). SIGNATURE (PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR) Date Completed 5

6 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 1 Greenhouse Temperature (F) /8/25 8/18/25 8/28/25 9/7/25 9/17/25 9/27/25 1/7/25 1/17/25 1/27/25 11/6/25 11/16/25 Figure 1. Greenhouse air temperatures during the experiment to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Mogeton on Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum. Table 1. Numerical plant damage rating scale used for phytotoxicity determinations. Rating Description of plant damage No damage 1 No visible damage but unintended (non-permanent) impact 2 Slight leaf/tissue damage (curling leaves, necrosis, etc.) 3 Marginal chlorosis on some leaves (damage on up to 1% of plant) 4 1% 2% of plant damaged 5 Significant damage to much of plant (3% - 4%) 6 4% 6% of plant damaged 7 Chlorosis or necrosis on most of plant (6% - 7%) 8 Abscised leaves, branch dieback 9 Tissue severely damaged (8% - 1% of plant) 1 Complete kill 6

7 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Figure 2. Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 blocks and 3 treatment replicates per block. 7

8 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Table 2. Phytotoxicity ratings over 9 weeks for Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum treated with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gallon Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. Different letters within a column indicate significant differences between treatments (P <.5). Yes / No refer to significant treatment effects at the 5% level. Means ± SE (n = 9) Mogeton on Pennisetum setaceum Phytotoxicity Increase at/after Treatment Week 1 no Week 2 no Week 4 no Week 8 no Week 9 no (oz/gal) (Control) -.22 ±.15 a -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a -.11 ±.31 a 2 (1X).11 ±.11 ab.11 ±.11 ab -.22 ±.15 a -.22 ±.15 a.22 ±.36 a 4 (2X).11 ±.2 ab.11 ±.2 ab -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a 8 (4X).33 ±.24 b.22 ±.22 b -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a -.33 ±.17 a Table 3. Plant height, width and volume changes over 9 weeks for Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum treated with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gallon Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. Different letters within a column indicate significant differences between treatments (P <.5). Yes / No refer to significant treatment effects at the 5% level. Means ± SE (n = 9) Treatment Height Increase no Width Increase yes at Relative Volume Index yes at (oz/gal) after 9 weeks after 9 weeks 1% Increase after 9 weeks 1% (Control) 173. ± 5.6 a ± 2.37 a ± a 2 (1X) ± 3.57 a 4.89 ± 2.74 ab ± ab 4 (2X) ± 5.5 a ± 4.39 ab 6996 ±8485. b 8 (4X) ± 3.68 a 34.3 ± 2.79 b ± b 8

9 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Height (cm) Species Pennisetum setaceum -- Material Mogeton Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Change (cm) Phytotoxicity Index Control 1X 2X 4X week of trial 7 9 Width (cm) Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Volume Index Change (cm) Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Change Figure 3. Summary of results for Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum treated with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gallon Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. Both means and cumulative changes over time are plotted for phytotoxicity index, plant height, plant width and plant volume index. Histograms show changes over the 9-week trial period. SE bars shown. (n = 9) 9

10 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 Block A CONTROL 1X 2X 4X Block B Figure 4. Representative plants of Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum 9 weeks after treatment with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gallon Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. 1

11 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 CONTROL 1X 2X 4X Block C Figure 4. Representative plants of Pennisetum setaceum Cupreum 9 weeks after treatment with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gallon Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. 11

12 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 APPENDIX A Phytotoxicity to herbaceous perennial plants with applications of Mogeton 25WP Ornamental Protocol Number 5-4 REVISED DATE 5/5 Objective Determine phytotoxicity of Mogeton 25WP to perennial plants commonly grown in greenhouse and/or nurseries. Experimental Design Plot Size Must be adequate to reflect actual use conditions. Replicates Minimum of 3 replications (preferably 4) with 3 pots per replicate Application Instructions Two applications made approximately 4 weeks apart. Plant materials must be established in containers and have broken dormancy prior to first application. Use 2 qts of final spray solution per 1 sq ft or about 218 gal per acre. Applications should be made over the top of the plants using application equipment consistent with conventional commercial equipment. Please see table below for instructions for post-application irrigation. Plant Materials See attached list of plant materials. Plants must be growing in containers and not field grown. Evaluations Record phytotoxicity on a scale of to 1 ( = No phytotoxicity; 1 = Complete kill) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial application. If appropriate, also include ratings for chlorosis, defoliation, stunting or other growth effects on a scale of to 1 ( = No effect; 1 = Complete plant affected). If any phytotoxicity is observed in treated plants, take pictures comparing treated and untreated plant material. Recordkeeping Keep detailed records of weather conditions including temperature and precipitation, soil-type or soil-less media, application equipment, application volume per acre, irrigation, liner size, plant height & width, and plant growth stage at application and data collection dates. Treatments Product Rate Post-Application Irrigation Instructions Mogeton 25WP (quinoclamine) 2. oz/gal Do not overhead water for 24 h after application. 4. oz/gal 8. oz/gal Untreated For labels, materials, and any required adjuvants contact Mogetan - Crompton, Kevin Donovan, x 228, kevin.donovan@cromptoncorp.com Reports Report must include a brief summary paragraph of results, a summary table with appropriate statistical analyses, a section on experimental design and materials and methods, with raw data and recordkeeping information as listed above included as appendices. If pictures were taken, please include them. An electronic report is preferred but not required. If the report is provided electronically, the basic report can be sent in MS Word or WordPerfect, the recordkeeping information as pdf or other electronic documents, and the raw data in MS Excel or other suitable program such as ARM. Please direct questions to Cristi Palmer, IR-4 HQ, Rutgers University, 681 US Hwy 1 S, North Brunswick, NJ , Phone x629, palmer@aesop.rutgers.edu OR Ely Vea, 38 Aston Forest Lane, Crownsville, MD 2132, Phone & FAX# , evvea@comcast.net. 12

13 TRIAL 1 DATE 1/21/25 APPENDIX B Phytotoxicity Report Form Phytotoxicity at week Plant Size at week Plant Size at week 9 Height Width1 Width 2 Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) Control A Control A Control A Control B Control B Control B Control C Control C Control C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean