ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Transcription

1 1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGIES Science 9 Unit D The use of electrical energy affects society and the environment. 4.1 Electrical Energy Sources and Alternatives 1

2 1. What are fossil fuels? 3 Worldwide, about 65% of all electric power is generated by burning oil, coal, or natural gas. Recall: These fuels are often called fossil fuels because they formed from the decomposition of prehistoric plants and animals. 300 Years of Fossil Fuels in 300 Seconds 4 2

3 Oil Sands Land Reclamation 5 2. What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource? 6 Nonrenewable resource cannot be replaced as it is used up Example: fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) Renewable resource can be renewed or replenished naturally in relatively short periods of time Example: wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass 3

4 3. What is nuclear fission? 7 Nuclear fission is the splitting of atoms, which transforms them into lighter elements and releases large amounts of energy. 4. What is cogeneration? 8 Cogeneration is the use of waste energy from a process for another purpose, such as heating or generating electricity. Example: When braking in a moving vehicle, the energy generated by friction is usually lost as heat. In a hybrid, this heat is converted into electricity to charge the car s battery. 4

5 9 5. Create a mind map of the different energy sources. Tides Heat (coal) Geothermal Atoms Energy Sources Sunlight Biomass Wind Water Fuel Cells Coal Power Generation (03:57) 10 5

6 11 Ocean Energy: Tides and Waves Power Station (02:43) 12 How to Produce Electricity From Water (02:10) 6

7 Hydrogen Fuel Cell (03:42) Strokkur Geyser in Iceland (Taken during my 2015 Iceland trip! ) 7

8 15 Strokkur Geyser in Iceland (Taken during my 2015 Iceland trip! ) (00:21) 16 Geothermal Power Plant (01:50) 8

9 Converting Garbage to Energy (02:29) 17 How do Solar Panels Work? (04:58) 18 9

10 Nuclear Fission 101 (03:54) How Wind Turbines Generate Electricity (01:21) 10

11 Alberta s Electrical Generation Data as of March,2008: Coal - 5,893 MW (48.8%) Natural gas - 4,635 MW (38.4%) Hydro MW (7.1%) Wind MW (4.1%) Biomass MW (1.5%) Total: 12,072 MW Canada s Electrical Generation Hydroelectric (58%), coal (19%), nuclear (12%), natural gas (6%), and fuel oil (3%) 11

12 Homework! 23 Read Textbook Pages Key Terms Topic 4.2 #1 3 Page 16 Pink Reference Book The use of electrical energy affects society and the environment. 4.2 Electricity and the Environment 12

13 25 1. How can oil wells affect the environment? Oil and gas wells can sometimes release deposits that contain poisonous gases. Concentrations of chemicals in the environment around wells and plants are monitored for safety What is fly ash? Why is it an environmental concern? Fly ash is fine airborne ash produced by burning coal or other solid fuels. Fly ash contains small amounts of mercury, a poisonous metal that can damage the nervous system. 13

14 27 3. What is the difference between energy conservation and energy sustainability? Energy Conservation Conservation is the act of preventing waste or loss. Energy Sustainability Sustainability means using resources at a rate that can be maintained indefinitely. Homework! 28 Read Textbook Pages Key Terms Topic 4.3 #1 3 Page 17 Pink Reference Book 14

15 The use of electrical energy affects society and the environment. 4.3 Electrical Technology and Society List two benefits of electrical technologies. Improved standard of living Tasks get done faster (i.e. laundry) Tasks are completed more efficiently Electrical Technologies 15

16 31 1. List three drawbacks of electrical technologies. Sustainability becomes more difficult to achieve Advanced technology leaves behind obsolete devices = waste More resources are needed (i.e. for manufacturing) Electrical Technologies Some technologies are too expensive for developing countries to adopt Consider the computer 32 Computers have revolutionized the way we accomplish many tasks, including writing, calculations, and communication. Computers convert all information even audio and video signals into numbers and then perform calculations with the numbers. 16

17 33 3. What are binary numbers? What do binary numbers correspond to on computers? Computers use binary numbers, that is, numbers with just ones and zeroes. These numbers correspond to the on and off states of the millions of tiny transistors in the microcircuits. Because the data is converted to strings of digits, this method of storing and transmitting information is often referred to as a digital technology. Electrical Transmission of Information 34 Storing Computers use various techniques to store information digitally. Binary numbers (1s and 0s) Pits marked on a CD are a form of digital information that can be read by a computer Transmitting Information is transmitted in strings of digits. 17

18 Homework! 35 Section 4.0 Review Handout 18