Dynamic Maps of Open Surface Water Bodies in Oklahoma at 30- m Spatial Resolution during

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1 Dynamic Maps of Open Surface Water Bodies in Oklahoma at 30- m Spatial Resolution during Xiangming Xiao Center for Spatial Analysis Earth Observation and Modeling Facility Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA 36 th Annual Oklahoma Governor s Water Conference December 1-2, 2015; Norman, Oklahoma

2 Earth Observation and Modeling Facility H5N1 Climate Health Land & water LCLUC dynamics LCLUC drivers LCLUC impacts Michael Menarguez Jinwei Dong Zhenhua Zou Google Earth Engine team Acknowledgements

3 Outline of the presentation 1. Why do we need to map open surface water bodies over years in Oklahoma? 2. How do we map open surface water bodies over ? 3. What are the provisional data products of open surface water bodies over ? 4. How can such provisional data products be used to support scientific research and water management, e.g., drought and pluvial years? 5. What is Next?

4 Why do we need to map open surface water bodies over years in Oklahoma? Fresh water is essential part of life. Open surface water bodies are used for drinking water for human, livestock and wildlife irrigation for agriculture Open surface water bodies vary in sizes (small, medium and large) and time (perennial, yearlong, seasonal, days to weeks). Climate, topography and human activities affect seasonal and annual dynamics of open surface water bodies. Open surface water bodies includes rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds.

5 Mapping annual dynamics of open surface water bodies, using Landsat TM/ETM+ images from at 30- m spatial resolution Specific Objectives 1. Quantify the size, shape, and spatial distribution of open surface water bodies over years (perennial, year- long and seasonal water bodies) 1. Understand the driving factors (climate and human) that affect size, shape and spatial distribution of open surface water bodies over years 2. Provide geospatial datasets of open surface water bodies to support water resource management, crop and livestock production, and conservation

6 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? Image Data Landsat 5/7/8 (TM, ETM+ and OLI) in m spatial resolution, 16- day revisit cycle Algorithms water indices vegetation indices Map Accuracy Assessment in- situ data high resolution images

7 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? Image Data How many images for a path/row during ? Image numbers of P28/R35 ( ) Landsat 5 TM: 543 Landsat 7 ETM+: 350 Landsat 8 OLI: 40 Total number = 893 Number of images over years by month Landsat p28/r km by 185 km area in an image

8 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? How many images to cover Oklahoma? 18 path/row Assume 900 images per path/row during , it amounts to 17,100 images for Oklahoma state. 185 km * 17,100 = 3,163,000 km Average distance from Earth to Moon = 382,500 km Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI path/row map Oklahoma

9 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? Algorithms water and vegetation indices Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mndwi) Lake Thunderbird Lake Texoma

10 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? Algorithms Algorithms water indices vegetation indices Map product evaluation

11 How do we map open surface water bodies over ? Map Accuracy Assessment High- resolution images In- situ data Geo- referenced field photos Crowd sourcing & citizen science tools Smartphone app Field Photo North Looking North Looking West Field Looking East West Down East Looking South South

12 Provisional maps of open surface water bodies over What are the number, area and spatial distribution of open surface water bodies (900 m 2 and larger; year- long) in Oklahoma? Year 2010 There are 36,262 water bodies, and their sizes range from 900 m 2 (single pixel) to 336 km 2. The total area of water bodies is ~2,334 km 2, accounting for 1.29 % of entire state (181,195 km 2 )

13 Provisional maps of open surface water bodies over What are the number, area and spatial distribution of open surface water bodies (>1 ha and larger, year- long ) in Oklahoma? Year 2010 There are 4,886 water bodies with an area of > 1 ha. The total area of these water bodies is ~2,270 km 2, accounting for 1.25 % of entire state (181,195 km 2 )

14 Provisional maps of open surface water bodies over Frequency distribution of open surface water body sizes in Oklahoma Year 2010 Water body number Water body number Sum of water body area Sum of water body area (km 2 ) (0,0.5] (0.5,1] (1,5] (5,10] (10,50] (50,100] (100,500] (500,1000] (1000,5000] >5000 Water body size (ha) 0

15 How did total area of open surface water bodies (year- long) change over years ( ) in Oklahoma?

16 How did the mean and median areas of open surface water bodies (year- long) change over years ( ) in Oklahoma? Average Median

17 How many years did an open surface water body persist during Pixel number (million) Keystone Lake Eufaula Lake 0 [1,5] [6,10] [11,15] [16,20] [21,25] [26,30] [31] Water body frequency intervals

18 How did climate variability affect open surface water bodies in Oklahoma?

19 The relationship between climate (e.g., drought, pluvial) and open surface water bodies 2006 (Drought year) 2007 (Pluvial year) Drought and pluvial years had larges impacts on small- size and large- size open surface water bodies in Oklahoma

20 1. Continue to evaluate the provisional data product of open surface water bodies from Distribute the data products to the stakeholders and the public 3. Plan to work on 2015 maps of open surface water bodies 4. Plan to work on mapping wetlands in Oklahoma

21 Annual dynamics of open surface water bodies (year- long) at 30- m spatial resolution during in Oklahoma Thank You & Questions?

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