Ecosystem Status Assessment in Korea

Transcription

1 Ecosystem Status Assessment in Korea Sinjae Yoo Indicators of Status and Change within North Pacific Marine Ecosystems: A FUTURE Workshop Honolulu,

2 Purpose To introduce monitoring and assessment programs in Korea Outline Monitoring networks in Korea National Investigation of Marine Ecosystems Problems in assessment Determination of reference conditions Sampling problems: Confounding regional and interannual differences On-going and future works

3 Station-based Monitoring Network (1961~)

4 National Environmental Monitoring Network (1996~)

5 National Investigation of Marine Ecosystems (NIMO: 2006~) 8 domains in coastal areas (>300 stations) Seasonal surveys at one domain per year (8 year monitoring cycle) Pelagic Water quality Phytoplankton Zooplankton Nekton* -- Ichthyoplankton -- Fish -- Crustacean -- Cephalopods Benthic Water quality Meiofauna Macrofauna Macro algae

6 Purposes Assessment and thematic maps in NIMO Scientific summary of massive observational data Spatio-temporal distribution of ecosystem properties Holistic interpretation of ecosystem dynamics Visual presentation of thematic maps Assessment of ecosystem status in Korean waters Ecosystem status Impact assessment for stressors Basis for management policy

7 Stressors and ecosystem properties (Yellow Sea) Eutrophication Nutrient imbalance Overfishing Hazardous substances NIS Habitat disturbance Reduction of freshwater input Sea warming Ecosystem structure Biodiversity Biomass Productivity foodwebs Based on YSLME Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

8 Theme 1: Indicators of Ecosystem Status Phyto- plankton Zoo- plankton Bethos Macro- algae Ichthyo- plankton Nekton Structure Biomass, abundance, Dominant species Biomass, abundance, Dominant species Biomass, abundance, Dominant species Biomass, abundance, Dominant species Abundance of dominant species Biomass, abundance, Dominant species Diversity Sp. Richness, Sp. Diversity Sp. Richness, Sp. Diversity Sp. Richness, Sp. Diversity Sp. Richness, Sp. Diversity Sp. Richness, Sp. Diversity Producti- vity Should be added could be estimated Should be added could be estimated Food- web Trophic linkage Trophic linkage

9 Theme 2: Indocators of Ecosystem Stressors

10 38 0'N Occurence of warm water phytopl. sp 'N 'N 35 0'N 2008 (Min et al., 2009) 34 0'N 'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E

11 Problems with NIMO data What would be confounding effects of year-to-year variations and regional differences? Reference values Data from pristine conditions are rare. Different references for oceanographic conditions? Yellow Sea vs. East Sea Neritic waters vs. open sea

12 SST anomaly

13 2/ /30-4/6 5/25-6/1

14 Method for determination of reference conditions (European Commission, 2007)

15 Reference conditions (first try) Phytoplankton species diversity Literature: 1977~1996 Macrofauna species diversity European Water Framework Directive Nutrients (DO, COD, DIP, DIN, N:P, N:Si) National Env. Monitoring ( ) Chlorophyll-a National Env. Monitoring ( )

16 time phytoplankton species diversity H

17 National Environmental Monitoring Network data 1996~2007 Coastal areas: 14 st. (Yellow Sea), 34 st. (East China Sea), 14 st. (East Sea) 7,300 records 14 oceanographic and env. variables Temp, Salinity, ph, DO, COD NH 4, Nitrite, Nitrate, TN DIP, TP SiO 2 SS Chlorophyll-a

18 Mean Seasonal, regional distribution DIN 95% DIN Mean DIN 95% DIN 0.1 YS ECS ES Group Feb May Jun Group Aug Nov % 4 CHL CHL Mean 3 Mean YS ECS ES Feb May Jun Aug Nov

19 38 0'N CHL 12 X = Y = 'N 36 0'N H I G H Compared to NEMN datasets 35 0'N M O D E R A TE 'N 2009 L O W 125 0'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E 0

20 Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) Reference value and slope (European Commission, 2007)

21 38 0'N CHL 'N 'N EQR 35 0'N 'N 'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E

22 38 0'N Phyto H (min) 'N 'N EQR 35 0'N 'N 'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E

23 Eutrophication in the Yellow Sea Calendar Year Element chronographs of the Yellow Sea sediment (123.5oE, 35oN): total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) content (w/w%) TOC TN TP Mostly harmless diatom blooms (> 1,000 ml -1 ). Cochlodinium blooms in 1998 and No significant economic damages have been reported.

24 Reference values: historical data (DIN:1984; DIP:1976; Si:1976) (Lin et al., 2005 )

25 Reference values: historical data (DIN:1984; DIP:1976; Si:1976)

26 38 0'N DIN (mean) 'N 'N EQR 35 0'N 'N 'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E

27 125 0'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E 38 0'N DIP (mean) 'N 'N EQR 'N 'N 0.1

28 38 0'N Si (mean) 'N 'N EQR 35 0'N 'N 'E 126 0'E 127 0'E 128 0'E

29 On-going and future works Improvement of reference conditions Tuning of grades Relationship between stressor indicators and status indicators Statistical analysis of community structure in reference to indicator space Ordination techniques, e. g., CCA Integration of indicators

30 Thank you!