Carbon Reduction and Energy Optimization Strategy for one NHS Trust

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1 Carbon Reduction and Energy Optimization Strategy for one NHS Trust Dr Issa Chaer, BEng, CEng, PhD, F.Inst. R., M.CIBSE, London South Bank University Mr Ehsan Sattar, BEng, MSc, IEng ACIBSE Royal Marsden NHS Trust Presented at the CIBSE Technical Symposium, UCL London, th April 2015

2 Outline Background and general NHS- energy data RMH & site description Aim & methodology of technical feasibility Historical energy data Carbon management strategy Load analysis and systems selection Selection criteria Prioritised measures and energy saving analysis Summary 2

3 Background According to the Carbon Trust, the UK s healthcare sector spends more than 400 million per year on energy & total energy used by the UK Health services for 2013/14 was GWh. NHS England CO2e emissions from 1990 to the present day & the required trajectory.

4 RMH & Site Description The Royal Marsden Health (RMH) Trust: One of London s NHS Trusts with Two hospitals located at Chelsea & Sutton. Care for over 40,000 patients/year from across the UK and abroad. Most of the areas (on both sites) operate on a 24 hours, seven days a week basis. Medical activities & services differ between wings with units such as surgery, intensive care units and X-rays units, plus consultant rooms and patients wards. The Trust has an overall carbon foot print of 14,341 tonnes CO 2 e across a gross area of 61,133 m 2.

5 Technical Feasibility Study Technical feasibility study originally completed as an MSc project. Aim: The main aim of the study was to identify energy saving methods and strategies with lower financial implication on the hospital budget.

6 Methodology Steps followed: Analysis historical energy data to establish base lines and energy saving targets that are in line with the NHS Carbon Policy. Survey of buildings and systems at the site to determine the loads and energy breakdown. Investigation of efficiency improvement solutions and potential energy saving measures Economic and environmental evaluation of measures. Generation of quick win and long term energy saving measures.

7 Site Historical Energy Data 14,000, ,000, ,000,000.0 Electricity Consumed Gas Consumed y = x kwh 8,000, ,000,000.0 y = x ,000, ,000, / / / / / / / /13 Figure 2 - Electricity and Gas consumption data. Table2 - RMH Trust Vs CIBSE Benchmark value.

8 Carbon Management Strategy The Trust uses over 42% more than a Typical Practice hospital and up to 54% more than for a Good Practice hospital. NHS England carbon reduction target of 33% by 2020 compared to the 2007 emissions. To achieve the 33% reduction: Absolute reduction of 2,221 tco2e in 2020 over base line year BAU emissions would demand Upto 4,877 tco2e reduction in Relative emissions reduction target 52%. Carbon emissions (tco2) 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, BAU Emissions 6,730 7,114 7,519 7,948 8,401 8,880 9,386 Target 6,730 6,296 5,889 5,509 5,153 4,821 4,509 Year Figure 4 - Carbon value at stake.

9 Breakdown of Site Energy Use Load analysis 1% and systems 1% 5% 2% 5% 2% selection Space heating DHW 8% 14% 38% Lighting HVAC Other building services IT equipment Supplementary heating personal small power Medical equipment Catering 24%

10 Selection Criteria Ranking Position Quality Criteria Criteria Score Criteria Weighting 1 Environmentally alert % 2 Energy use % 3 Carbon Footprint % 4 Performance Requirement % 5 Level of Control % 6 Capacity Requirements % 7 Reliability % 8 Noise Level % 9 Spatial Requirements % 10 Maintainability % 11 Capital cost % 12 Flexibility % Table 4 Priority Scoring Matrix Criteria.

11 Prioritised Measures Decommissioning of old systems & replacement of the steam boilers with more energy efficient heating systems- Potential of onsite CHP Generation Lighting upgrade. Energy efficient improvement measures to the Medical gas systems. Improving system efficiencies of the IT and data centres. Enabling better efficiencies from the existing PV Arrays

12 Existing Heating System Existing heating system- Over 40 years old dual fuel steam boilers running on gas or gasoil End of life expectancy hence a replacement would be required. 60% average seasonal efficiency & 40% at part load. Condensation return losses = 10% Very expensive to maintain and operate A more efficient PHWS, will provide the potential for improving the fuel efficiency by 20% and reduce running cost. Improving the boilers efficiency by 20% = annual cost saving of 96,000 in gas bills = reduction in carbon emissions by 463 tonnes CO 2 e of which equates to 21% of the Trust s reduction target.

13 Average Monthly Load Profiles 2013 HH- consumption data for gas and electricity used to calculate the monthly averages over a 24 hour period On average considerable demand for heating & power all year with similar trends. This gives good ground for a CHP consideration kw kw Average monthly boiler load profile DAILY HOURS Figure 8 - CHP Total Heat Load Profile Average monthly electric load profile JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB M AR APR M AY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT O CT NO VE DEC Daily Hours

14 Figure 10 - CO 2 e Emission Rate for Electric & Heat Led. CHP Plant Analysis CHP unit Thermal Output (kwt) Electric output (kwe) Gas Input (kw) CHP Capital Cost ( /K) Maintenance Cost ( /kwh) EDINA 400 kwe * EDINA 600 kwe * EDINA 800 kwe * Table 6 - CHP Performance and Cost Data. CO 2 Emission Rates- Heat Led CO 2 Emissions - Elect. Led CHP 5, National Grid and on site boilers 4, National Grid and on site boilers Savings (kg/per annum) 4, , , , , , , , CHP Savings (kg/per annum) 3, , , , , , CHP kwe 600 kwe 800 kwe 0.00 Edina 400 Edina 600 Edina 800

15 Summary of CHP Savings Economic and environmental analysis revealed that EDINA 600 kwe in heat led control mode is the best option of the three investigated models. This CHP installation can help the Trust to achieve 99% of its carbon reduction target. CHP Unit EDINA 600 kwe Annual Net costs saving 550,000 Improved Payback period 2.8 years NPV at end of the year ,000 Annual carbon saving 2,200 TCO 2 Annual CRC cost saving 38,000 Table 7 - Potential CHP plant s annual savings.

16 Lighting Upgrade Lighting survey revealed inefficient fluorescent lamps with no dimmers or any mean of automatic controls. Each 4ft length fluorescent tube is rated at 36 W, with 4 W losses through the ballast control gear (a total of 40 W). Equivalent LED tubes have power demand of 16.5 W with negligible losses, reduced maintenance costs and life span of 30-50,000 hours potential reduced ongoing maintenance costs for labour, materials and waste disposal. Proposed solution: To replace fluorescent tubes with energy saving LED or T5 tubes in areas with a minimum of 15 hours consumption like corridors and wards.

17 Savings From Lighting upgrade 60,000 50,000 40,000 kwh 30,000 20,000 10,000 - Chelsea Wing Granard House Marsden Wing Wallace Wing 130,000 Estimated cost of lighting upgrade Total energy saving of 218,000 kwh 45,000 savings in electricity, maintenance and CRC costs per year Reduction in the Trust s carbon footprint of 124 tonnes per year Payback period of 3 years Figure 11 - RMH lighting energy saving potential per hospital blocks. Mulberry House Oratory School Markus Unit Avenue House Dove House Grove House

18 Medical Gas System 2 x 30 kw Medical Air Compressors supported by two drier towers Potential Energy Saving Options PurgeSaver - Typical 16% energy savings, annual electrical energy saving of 14,026 kwh, A reduction of 1,543 in electricity bills annually, A saving of almost 8000 tonnes of CO 2 e annually. Variable Speed Drive (VSD) compressors and Fans: Compressors Full Load operation 2 x 30 kw compressors, but actual demand is 65% lower than exiting capacity- based on 0.65 m 3 /min. VSD can help achieve savings of: 52,596 kwh/year, 5,785 on electricity bills annually ( at 11 pence/kwh) Equivalent to 28.5 tonnes CO 2 e annually.

19 Data Centre This bypass air can be avoided by filling the huge gap at the top of the racks Utilisation of free cooling for the data centre during the colder months, from meteorological data 5,040 hours/year Temp. below 13 o C. Comp. power consumption 168 kw cooling load = 67.2 kw (A typical COP of 2.5 is assumed). Annual cost saving = 38,949 Annual energy saving = 338,688 kwh Annual carbon saving = tonnes CO 2 e PUE Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of Data Centre Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Figure 13 - Calculated PUE for the RMH data centre. Side View. Figure 14 - Schematic of the RMH data centre. Month Oct-13

20 PV Analysis 220 m 2 installation size, 45.15kWp, generation 36,501 kwh/year 10% inefficiency Recommendations: panels cleaned in six monthly basis, monthly visual check be carried out, service contract on the performance of the inverters. Generated Power (kwh) CYPU - PV panels Performance 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 y = x R 2 = , Monthly Solar Irradiation (kwh/ SQ m) Figure15 - CYPU PV panels performance analysis

21 Summary Energy usage at RMH is approximately 42% and 54 % above the typical and good practice Benchmarks (based on the CIBSE benchmarks) for hospital of this type, respectively. The hospital strategy for energy management has been developed to meet the NHS England Footprint reduction target of 33% by 2020 based on the 2014 baselines. As a result it is predicted that the Trust would need to achieve: An absolute reduction of 2,221 tonnes CO2e by 2020 over the base line of year The assessment of the site energy breakdown identified the highest percentage of energy use is for Space heating (38%). DHW, lighting and HVAC are also areas with high energy use, 24 %, 14 % and 8 % respectively.

22 Summary-Cont. Energy saving measures were identified and the ones with the highest costs savings are: Decommissioning of old heating systems & replacement with CHP system Lighting upgrade. Energy efficient improvement measures to the Medical gas systems. Improving system efficiencies of the IT and data centres. Enabling better efficiencies from the existing PV Arrays. Potential saving of 3,109 tonnes CO2e and overall cost saving of 700,000 per year could be achieved by implementing the recommended energy conservation measures. This saving would help the Trust achieve greater carbon savings compared to its reduction target of 2,221 tonnes CO2e by 2020.

23 Questions? Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London South Bank University & Dr Gareth Davies for supporting this feasibility study.

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