Innovative CCS Technologies for Sustainable Development of China

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1 Innovative CCS Technologies for Sustainable Development of China Prof. Hongguang JIN Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 14 Sept., 2009

2 Outline Climate Change Actions in China Special Issues of China? Innovative CCS for sustainable development

3 China s Actions on Climate Change China s National Climate Change Program Issued by the State Council, on 4 June 2007 Objectives, priority areas and countermeasures for international cooperation China s Scientific and Technological on Climate Change Issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), on 14 June 2007 Climate change-related scientific research and technological development Outline of National Program for Science and Technology Development ( ) Issued by the State Council, on 9 Feb 2006 Efficient, clean and near-zero emissions fossil energy technology National Outline for CCS Technology Development Developing by MOST Roadmap of the development and implementation of CCS technology

4 China s Institutions Premier Wen Jiabao State Council National Leading Committee on Climate Change National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) Ministry of Finance (MoF) Energy companies Huaneng Huadian Resource companies Petrol China Sinopec Shenhua group Electric grid companies State Grid Corporation of China

5 CCS Projects in China (International Cooperation) Project Donors Objectives NZEC (Phase I, II, III) UK To build CCS demonstration in China COACH EU poly-generation with CCS STRACO 2 EU CCS Regulation, opportunities and challenges China and EU CACHET EC technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power stations by 90% CAPRICE EC CO 2 -capture using amine processes GeoCapacity EC CO 2 geocapacity potential China-Canada ECBM Projects MOVECBM China, Canada EC, China Coal bed methane technology and CO 2 storage project CO 2 injected in coal; the migration of methane thus ensuring a long-term reliable and safe storage

6 CCS Projects in China (International Cooperation) Project Donors Objectives Tianjin Dagang CCS Project Sino-Japan CCS cooperation Chinese Advanced Power Plant Carbon Capture Options Developing Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Guidelines for China China-Australia CAGS Project EU,China China, Japan UK, China US to establish a carbon capture and storage project in China to jointly develop a CCS and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project aims to form Carbon capture characteristics database for existing & planned plants foucus on the guidelines for safe and effective CCS and a framework for the post-closure stewardship to deliver the technology transfer to facilitate s own assessment of sites for geological storage of CO2

7 CCS Projects in China (Supported by Chinese Goverment) Utilizing Green House Gas as resources in EOR and Geological Storage (MoST) Fundamental research on the syngas production based on coal gasification & pyrolysis (MoST) The fundamental research on the high efficiency transfer of natural gas & syngas (MoST) Technologies and Policies Road Map for CO2 Control in China (MoST) The high efficiency heat-work transfer problem study of gas turbine Development of Carbon Capture and Storage (MoST) CO2 Injection/Sequestration in Deep Coal Seams for CBM exploitation (MoST) Integrated Research on CO2 Emission Reduction,and its Resource Recycling, Low NOx Combustion, SOx Control and multi-pollutants removal (MoST)

8 CCS Projects in China (Chinese Enterprise Actions) Project Donor/ Partners Objectives Huaneng s CO 2 capture demonstration project Huaneng s Greengen Project Pilot program in Jilin oilfield ENN Resource Recycling of CO 2 Shenhua's CCS project Huaneng Huaneng Petro China ENN Group Shenhua To build demonstration plant of CO 2 cappture by postcombustion Coal based energy system like hydrogen production by coal gasification, hydrogen gas turbine combined power generation, fuel cell power generation with CCS To build EOR pilot program in Jilin oilfield Coal-based clean energy; Hydrogen energy and bio-energy by recycling of treatment of CO 2 (CO 2 ) Research and development of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project at its coal-to-liquids plant

9 Huaneng Group GreenGen project Stage I: Stage II: Stage III: PetroChina Carry out China s first project of CO2 storage and usage (EOR) at Jilin Oil Field from 2006 Investment: 200 million RMB CO2 injection at 10 wells

10 Huaneng's post-combustion capture (PCC) pilot project in Beijing Gaobeidian power plant Installed capacity Capture process 845MW Chemical absorption CO2 capture ratio 85% CO2 capture amount 3000t/year CO2 purity >99.5%

11 R & D of CCS Technologies for Chinese Sustainable Development

12 Special Issues of China (1) Huge amount of energy consumption Secondary energy consumer in world (2) Rapid Growth of Energy Consumption in China Much faster than the average rate of world (3) Heavy Relying on Coal Higher emission of CO2

13 Role of CCS in possible scenario 11~13 billions tons/y of CO2 emission in ~7 billions increment compared to the present Fuel switch and Efficiency improvement may contribute 2~3 billions reduction means 3~4 billions increment compared to the present CCS will be necessary for China

14 Current main CCS approach Energy Penalty: 7~15 percent points reduction in efficiency Economic Cost: 20~60 $ / t CO2

15 billion tce If China adopts these approaches Fossil energy consumption no capture CO2 capture Year Nearly 1 billion tce Nearly extra 1.0 billions of tce/y in China of 2050 Energy security of China will be more serious!

16 trillion $ high cost (30~50$/t) and large amount of CO2 to capture Based on the existing CCS technologies Energy supply cost no capture 0.2 CO2 capture Year $ 0.3~0.4 trillion several hundreds billions of USD per year Equivalent to rescue money for Wall Street financial crisis Existing CCS technologies are unacceptable for Chinese sustainable development!

17 Breakthrough in CCS Innovative Energy Systems, instead of simple extension of old technologies Focus on low even zero energy penalty, instead of zero emission To simultaneously resolving energy and environments

18 Professor F. Haber Recycle the unreacted gas. Highly improve the conversion ratio. Main contribution on chemical production. Optimal for chemical production! Also suitable for polygeneration system? Recycle Gas Power system Electricity Unreacted Gas Shift Clean-up Synthesis Refinery Coal Liquid Fuel New synthesis principle for polygeneration systems

19 Novel polygeneration system with CO 2 recovery Liquid Fuel -Patent in Application New Pre-combus-Post Gasifier Synthesis Reaction Partial Cycle Coal Power Gasification CO 2 Removal Combined Cycle CO 2 % CO 2 CO 2 51% 36% Energy Penalty 20%

20 Energy Penalty in Energy Systems Breakthrough in CCS technology Polygeneration system Integrating CO 2 Recovery Energy system without CO 2 Recovery Energy Systems with Post-combustion Capture Energy systems with Pre-combustion Capture CO 2 Concentration (%) CO2 分离点浓度 Concentration

21 Novel Power Generation for CO2 Capture with Chemical Looping Combustion Patent by U.S.A and Japan

22 Energy Network in China

23 Energy Network for China Upstream (Energy Base) : Cleanly and effectively convert the coal to clean energy and electricity Transportation: High energy saving in form of fuel with high energy density Downstream (City): Effective use of clean syngas fuel for power generation or transportation

24 Energy Network in China

25 CO 2 emission (billion tons) Contribution from different approaches Efficiency 36% Fuel Switch 24% CCS 40% Target: to keep the CO 2 emission lower than 2020

26 billion tce The benefit brought by innovative CCS technologies Save: 0.2~0.25 billions tce 0.1~0.15 trillions $ Fossil energy consumption Year Scenario using existing CCS technologies Scenario using innovative CCS technologies Scenario without CCS technologies

27 Capacity building An energetic research group composed of Chinese experts had been established by UK/NZEC Exchanging of students and researchers Awareness raising among stakeholders, e.g. UK-NZEC policy maker study tour Development of public websites in the EU and China for information sharing and networking of researchers

28 Capacity building (2) Project workshops including training sessions Support for Chinese to attend key international events and seminars The intention is to bring both projects together with a joint workshop Websites should have mirrored content

29 Remarks Need Innovative CCS suitable for special issues of China, such as coal based polygen. system with CO2 capture, breakthrough in CCS technology Targets of CCS: low energy penalty with less than 5 points, lower cost with less than 10 $/ ton CO2 Need suitable road map for developing countries meeting sustainable development, require great effort of international cooperation.

30 Energy Economic s Environ.