THE CURRENT STATE OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS INSIDE THE CIVIL BUILDINGS IN DANANG CITY

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1 THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE CURRENT STATE OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS INSIDE THE CIVIL BUILDINGS IN DANANG CITY KICK-OFF SYMPOSIUM ON REDUCING GHG THROUGH WATER SMART LIFESTYLE IN DA NANG, VIETNAM Da Nang University of Technology, November 18th 2015 Mai Thi Thuy Duong Nguyen Lan Phuong Faculty of Environment

2 CONTENTS I. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY II. SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY III. RESULTS VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3 I. OBJECTIVES, SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY a. Objectives - Assessing the current state of water supply and drainage systems inside the civil buildings in Danang City. - Proposing efficient water use plans and management. b. Subjects Water supply and drainage systems inside the civil buildings. c. Scope of the study Water supply and drainage systems in households and public buildings (Schools, hospitals, administrative offices, apartments) in Da Nang city.

7 15 Son Tra Hoa Vang 40 57.5 40 22.7 2.5 60 Thanh Khe 77.

4 III. RESULTS WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM A. HOUSEHOLDS 1. Source of Water Supplies Lien Chieu Son Tra Hoa Vang Thanh Khe Hai Chau Cam Le Ngu Hanh Son

5 2. Water appliances III. RESULTS Comments: - The majority of households equipped with showers for bathing - making up 77.0%. The greatest amount of households who utilize the most of water appliances occurs in Hai Chau District, while the lowest in Hoa Vang.

6 III. RESULTS 3. Water use level of appliances Son Tra Lien Chieu Hai Chau Hoa Vang Ngu H Son Local Tub use and hot water supply Shower use, Flush toilet Tap, Flush toilet Only taps % l/person/day % l/person/day % l/person/day % l/person/day % l/person/day Thanh Khe % l/person/day Cam Le % l/person/day Whole city % l/person/day TCVN l/person/day

7 3. Water use level of appliances III. RESULTS Comments -Average water use per person (l/person/day) proportional to the level of use of appliances. -The actual average water use per person is less than TCVN because of saving habits of people on daily water use.

8 4. Water use level per person Local III. RESULTS (L/person/day) Son Tra Lien Chieu 155 Hai Chau 164 Hoa Vang 126 Ngu Hanh Son 132 Thanh Khe 151 Cam Le 161 Whole city 146 Comments: The average water use per person counted on the whole city is 146 (l/person/day), less than the target (180 l/person/day) and smaller than standard TCXD (200 l/person/day). This happens because of: - The low level of water appliances - Habits and ways of using water

9 5. Diagram of water supply III. RESULTS 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Storage tank + Bể chứa+bơm+két Pum +Water tank nước Bơm+ Pum + Két Water nướctank Két Water nước tank Đơn Simple giản Comments: - Water supply system with water tanks on the roof is common (48.2%) as most of houses are with 2-3 storeys, suitable to the current state of the water supply system of the city where the water pressure can only be maintained on supply pipe about from 5-27 meters. The system is simple, low cost, safe water supply. - Map pump - water tanks are used more (23.5%) => Network pressure drops, affecting the use water of objects around

10 III. RESULTS WATER SUPPY SYSTEM B. PUBLIC BUILDINGS 1. Source of supply water 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Hospital School Offices Apartment Hotel Both Tap water Comments: - 100% of public facilities use tap water as these facilities demand high amount of water, stable and hygienic water supply. - Some hospitals, schools having groundwater as an additional water supply for irrigation needs, sanitation because this type of source has been using for a long time.

11 III. RESULTS 2. Water use Building Unit Average water Comments: - Most of the buildings are having less average water use per person per day than the standards for construction of water supply TCVN 4513: 1988 as: + Sanitary ware not fully equipped, simple. + Hygiene of toilets of public works is poor. - For Administrative offices big amount of water used as water is also used by the visitors. There is still a difficulty for determining the number of visitors. use TCVN 4513:1988 (l/person/day) Hospital l/person/day School l/person/day Nursery school l/person/day Administrative offices l/person/day Apartment l/person/day

12 3. Diagram of water supply III. RESULTS Tank Storage tank Comments: Most of them are using Storage tank Pum Tank, ensure continuous water supply, suitable with the requirements of work pressure.

13 III. RESULTS DRAINAGE SYSTEM 1. Drainage rain water system Rainwater collection system is often made by conventional method, There is no calculation on the amount of rainwater to be drained out. The collection system is not correctly designed => the system is overloaded. High building: no exterior walls Seno roof => collection hopper is arranged within the roof space and the number of them is limited.

14 2. Sewerage system III. RESULTS Most sewer pipes are under wall and under floor types. Public buildings often have separate male and female toilets, but the amount of sanitary equipment is still less than the demand, old and unhygienic. School Flush toilet (person/appliance) Urinals (per/appliance) Sink (person/appliance) TCVN (person/appliance) College High school Secondary School Primary Nursery school The percentage of wastewater connected to sewer network of the city is low (<50%). In many families, after through a septic tank, wastewater directly into the soil permeability. The Design of Septic tanks is completely conventional. 100% of public buildings have septic tanks connected to the city sewer network

15 III. RESULTS 3. Other issues - Indoor Sewer systems are without ventilation, septic tank sludge is not discharged regularly and leads to occlusion, smelly water overfills onto the ground level. - Some households put detergent wastewater, wastewater into septic soap this reduces the performance of the tank. - Some hospitals don t have wastewater treatment systems: Thanh Khe Hospital, Dermato-Venereology hospital, Lien Chieu hospital, 17 Military Medicine.

16 IV.CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Conclusions * Water supply - The percentage of households, public buildings used tap water is high >95%. - Average water use depends on the level of appliances and water use habits. Average water use counted for the whole city is 146 l/person/day. - Most of data shows amount of water use in households and public buildings less than standard TCVN , TCVN Diagram of water supply that used in households is mostly the same, it is the water system with roof tank and in public buildings is Storage tank Pum Tank * Water drainage - The percentage of wastewater connected to sewer network of the city is low.(<50%) - Public buildings: the amount of sanitary equipment is still less than the demand. - Some hospitals have not wastewater treatment systems

17 IV.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2. Recommendations - Update water use standards for the consistency with reality in computing, design water supply and drainage systems inside buildings. - Construction and renovation of sewer network to enhance the rate of households with sewage connections to the network. - Expand the scope of investigation and the investigation period in Danang as well as for other provinces and cities in Vietnam.

18 Thank you for your attention!

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