SOIL TEST SUMMARIES PINPOINT FERTILIZER NEEDS IN BUNDI DISTRICT

Transcription

1 ANNALS OF ARID ZONE - V.I. 1J (3). SOIL TEST SUMMARIES PINPOINT FERTILIZER NEEDS IN BUNDI DISTRICT C. P. SHARMA, HARVINDER SINGH AND S. P. SETH *gricultural Chemistry Labratry, Kta, Rajasthan (Received n ) ABSTRACT Sil fertility map shwing the available nutrient status f Bundi district has been prepared. Sil test summary data. crp acreage and current fertilb:er recmmendatins are used t estimate nutrient needs fr Bundi district. INTRODUCTION The utility f sil tests is t prvide the crrect estimates f the fertility status and fertilizer needs f the sils. Summaries f test results shw. changes in sil fertility levels and help t identify specific sil fertility levels and help t identify specific sil fertility prblems. When cmbined with fertilizer cnsumptin and crp prductin data, summaries prvide an accurate basis fr estimating plant nutrient deficit f particular areas, The present study is an attempt t draw up nutrient status map fr Bundi district and n the basis f these t calculate the verall annual fertilizer requirement fr each f the panchayat samitis in Bundi district. The sil test data btained n samples cllected frm different panchayat samities f Bundi district have been used fr the purpse f the present study. EXPERIMENTAL The sil tests have been made fr ph, sluble salts (cnductivity), rganic carbn, available phsphrus and available ptash. ph was determined by ph meter using glass electrde, cnductivity by slu-bridge, rganic carbn by Walkley's and Black methd, available phsphrus by Olsen's methd and available ptash by flame phtmetry as described by Muhr et al. (1965). Fr ph

2 SOIL TEST ANP FERTILIZER NEEDS IN BUNDI I 209 the ranges are belw 6.0 (acidic), 6.0 t 8.5 (nrmal), 8.5 t 9.5 (tending t becme alkaline). The ranges in case f sluble salts in mmhs/cm are 0 t 1 (nrmal), 1 t 2.5 (twards critical), 2.5 and abve (critical fr crp grwth). The ph and cnductivity were determined in 1:2 [ati f sil and water. The limits fr their clsssificatin are : rganic carbn per cent, frm 0 t 0.5 is lw, 0.5 t 0.75, medium and abve 0.75 is high. In case f available PIO G lbs per acre, 0 t 20 is lw, 20 t 50, medium and abve 50 is high. Similarly fr Kia Ibs par acre, frm 0 t 100 is lw, 100 t 250, medium and abve 250 is high. The data f each panchayat samiti area have been summarised and the percentage f samples falling under each categry,f these, 'namely lw, medium and high have been calculated. In rder t cmpare the fertility levels f different panchayat samids f Bundi district, it is necessary t have a single fertility index fr each panchayat samiti. Fr this purpse the prcedure suggested by Parker et al., (1951) and later n mdified by Tamhane et ale (1959) was adpted (fr mapping the nutrieu,t status f sils f a district the nutrient index value is taken as a basis). A panchayat samiti with a nutrient index value belw 1.67 is cnsidered clw' fr that nutrient, between 1.67 and 2.33 as 'medium' and abve 2.33 as Chigh'. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A reference t Table t brings ut the fllwing pints ph : Sme pam f the Talera panchayat umiti represented abut 9 per cent f ttal samples in alkaline nature, specially in the area which is canal irrigated. The ther panchayat samitis have nly 3 t 5 per cent area having the alkalinity prblem. Ttal sluble salts : While the salt prblem in the district is nt serius, but there are extensive areas in sme f the panchayat samitis namely, Talera and Keshrai-patan. These panchayat samitis have abut 20 per cent f the ttal samples saline in nature, which may be attributed t the high water table in the part f the areas in these panchayat samitis. In the sil having salinity and alkalinity prblem, the applicatin, befre swing, f finely pwedered gypsum alngwlth farm yard manure may be very useful. The sil shuld be thrugly mixed with gypsum and farm,..

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4 ORGANIC PBOSPBORUSCOMPOUNDS IN SOME SOILS OF RA'J. '211 yard manure and leached with em standing water t Liberate' the harmful exchangeable sdium frm the sil cmplex. The prvisin f field drains is essential t check up tbe further deteriratin f the sils. Rice shuld be swn in the rainy seasn khari! crp and barley in the winter se'lsn (rabi crp). Sugar. beet r sugar-cane may als be taken up. In cp rtatin a green manure crp shuld be incrp?rted t imprve he_physical status f the sil. Organic matter : Keshrai.pata panchayat samiti has lw cntent f rganic matter while ther panchayat samitis are medium in rganic matter. Available Phsphrus: The sils f.all the pabchayat samitis f the, district are medium in phsphrus. Available 'Ptash : In case f ptash t, "the sils f an the panchayat samitis f the district fall in the medium categry.,.' An attempt is made here t draw up the verall fertiliier requirments fr each f the panchayat samitis f Bund.i district separately in accrdance with nutrient levels prevailing in each f the panchayat samitis. Fr this purpse the nutrient map (Fig. 1) prepared is taken as the reference bas. The area under the, majr crps grwn in the district under irrigatin and rainfed cnditins respectively are taken int cnsideratin. The fertilizer requiremenu have J{een calculated n the assumptin that all the area under irrigated and unirrigated crps are t reeeive applicatin f chemical fertilizers. Panchayat samiti-wise details f tbe irrigated and unirrigated areas under majr crps fr kharif and rabi are given in Tables 2 and 3'respectively. It is re\\ealed frm Table 2 that in the irrigated tracts f the panchayat samitis namely, Talera and Keshrai-patan, which mainly receive the irrigatin frm Chambal canal, the main crp in the kharif seasn is paddy whereas in unirrigatc:d tracts f all, the panchayat 'samitis, the ppular crps are jwar, jwar mixed with mng and maize. Amng pulses generally mng and urad are grwn. The cultivatin f sugar-cane is als pp:.jlar in Bundi district but the majr area is cvered by Hindli panchayat samiti fllwed by Talera panchayat samiti. In rabi seasn, wheat is the main crp, bth in irrigated and unirrigated tracts f all these panchayat samities. In the irrigate tracts generelly the cultivatin f high yielding varletles f wheat is due, whereas in unirrigated tracts mstly lcal varieties are grwn, bu the cultivatrs are tending twards high yielding varieties in unirrigated tracts t. The cultivatin f gram and gram-wheat are als ppular in these panchayat samitis. Linseed and criander are als grwn in bth the irrigated and unirrigated tracts 'f the district... ". ','., ",

5 212 & C.P. SHARMA. HARVINDER SINGH AND S.P. SETH "G. I SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF BUNDI DISTRIC"r- ( RA JASTHAN ) SCAlE;- 4 M1 t ONE INCH N FEET METERS tal) 0 ICQ)3D) 400:) *XI) 12a]) IiaD 2 FeET I I I. I' I. I,' r I = = 3SaXl "LXm. :;n METERS. :;n 0 :;n IOOCXl l5cxxl =.

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8 SOIL TEST AD FERTILIZER NEEDS IN BUNDI ':; 215 Crp rtatins : Generally the fllwing ccp rtatins are fllwed in the irrigated and anicrigted tracts respectively. ( Irrigated Tracts Unirrigated Tracts - Paddy-wheat t Fallw-wheat 2 Paddy-gram '2 Jwar-fallw 3 Maize-Wheat 3 Maize-wheat 4 Maize-ptat-nin 4 Sugar cane-rata 5 Jwar-gram 5 Fallw-gram 6 Ptat-wheat r 6 Fallw-wheat cwpea and syabean Fertilizer recmmendatins Of curse individual farm hlding shuld be the basis f fertilizer recmmendatins but in.absence f such cmprehensive infrmatin, village wise rpanchayat samiti-wise recmmendatins seem t be mst practical ne. On the basis f the results f sil testing data as shwn in Table I. the panchayat samities f unifrm averge,fertilizer levels are categrised int three fertility grups and put in the map 'shwn. The majr sil fertility grups fr the panchayat samities are : Grup A - Talera and Hindli B - C - Keshrai-patan Nainwa The fertilizer recmmendatins fr each grup fr majr crps grwn in the panchayat samitis f Bundi district are given in Table 4. It wuld be wrth while t cmpare ttar calculated requirement f fertilizers fr the district 'with the quantities nw actually cnsumed per year and the targets fr 1971-".72 as shwn in Table 5..-',' ','.1, :'j....

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10 SOIL TEST AND FERTILIZER NEEDS IN BUNDI 217 Table 5. Nutrient requirement calculated n.the basis f sil tests, actual cnsumptin and th e targt f cnsumptin fr the year , and prpsed target fr in metric tnnes fr. Bundi district., Plant fd Actual cnsumptin fr Calculated requirements per year Target f cnsumptin fr Prpsed target f cnsumptin fr Nitrgen (N) f Phsphrus (PsOs) Ttal " ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authrs are grateful t Dr. Ranbir Singh, Directr f Agriculture. Rajasthan, fr prviding: the necessary facilities fr this wqrk. REFERENCES Muhr, G. R., Datta, N. p" Sanlrarasubramanny, H.; Leley, V. K. and Dnahue. R. N Sil testing in India,. pp, United States Agency fr internatinal develpmentmissin t India, New Delhi. Parker, FW.; Nelsn, W. H., Eric Winters and Miles. 1. E. 19?1. The brad interpretatin and applicatin f sil test infrmatin. Agrn. J. 43 (3) : ,. Tamhane, R. V., Subbiah, B. V. and Seth, S. P Sil fertility survey and sil test summaries f sme cmmunity prjects area in India. J. Indian Sc. Sil. Bci. 7 (4) : ,