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1 Humans make use of many things found in nature. For example, we use trees to build our homes and cotton to make our clothes. Things that are not made by people, but instead occur naturally, are called natural resources. Some examples of natural resources are plants, minerals, and water. All of these things are important to humans because they provide us with the materials we need to make the things we use everyday. Some of the products made from natural resources are obvious to us, like the timber and stone that make buildings. Other natural resources are not as noticeable, like the underground water table where our drinking water comes from. Natural resources that humans use to generate electricity are called energy resources. Most energy in the United States comes from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Coal, oil, and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they were formed millions of years ago from dead plants and animals. People burn fossil fuels for many reasons. We burn oil and coal to make the electricity that we need to light buildings and run appliances like televisions and computers. We burn gas to heat our homes and to power cars, buses, and airplanes. Many human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, cause air pollution. Pollution is the release of harmful substances called pollutants into the environment. The air pollution created when fossil fuels burn does not stay in the air forever. Instead it can travel great distances, and fall to the ground again as dust or rain. When airborne chemicals and pollutants fall to the Earth, or deposit, it is called deposition. Acid Rain forms when clean rain comes into contact with pollutants in the air, like sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Although sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide occur in the air naturally, burning fossil fuels adds more of these chemicals to the air. When these pollutants are released into the air, they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form acid rain. Acid rain then falls to the Earth where it can damage plants, animals, soil, water, and building materials. When harmful substances are released into the air, it causes pollution. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Power plants and factories burn coal, oil, and natural gas to produce the electricity we need to do all kinds of things, like light our homes. Cars, trucks, and airplanes also run on gasoline, a fossil fuel. When we burn things, they do not disappear. For example,

2 when you burn a log in a campfire, ash is left. But what happened to the rest of the log? Water from the log becomes vapor and enters the air. Burning wood also releases chemicals and particles into the air. The same thing happens when we burn fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels sends smoke and fumes into the atmosphere, or the air above the Earth. Despite its name, acid rain does not burn and cannot directly harm people. However, the pollutants that cause acid rain, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, can react with other pollutants in the air, forming substances like Particulate Matter and ground level Ozone, which can sometimes make people sick. While this article focuses mainly on the issue of acid rain, the emissions that result from the burning of fossil fuels have many other environmental consequences in addition to causing acid rain. Chemicals like nitrogen oxide, produced by the burning of fossil fuels, combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form ground level ozone. Although the planet needs an ozone layer for protection from the sun s harmful ultraviolet rays, ozone can be dangerous when it forms low to the ground because it hurts our lungs and sometimes makes it difficult to breathe. Other chemicals that are released by the burning of fossil fuels are green house gasses. Greenhouse gases occur naturally in the Earth s atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough for humans to live. Without greenhouse gases, the planet would be an average 60 F colder than it is today (brrr!). However, since the Industrial Revolution, human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels, has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. By increasing the levels of greenhouse gases, human activities are affecting the mix of gases in the atmosphere. This is causing the Earth s temperature to rise. The consequences of air pollution are important to understand because air pollution can be carried long distances and affect large areas. This means that pollution from a town hundreds of miles away may be affecting your community. Scientists, engineers, and researchers monitor the effects of pollution on the air, forests, water, and soil. They are inventing ways to reduce the amount of pollution that enters the environment and to prevent new damage in the future.

3 Name: 1. Click on the two sentences that best support the conclusion that acid rain can cause problems for people. A. Despite its name, acid rain does not burn and cannot directly harm people. B. However, the pollutants that cause acid rain can react with other pollutants in the air, forming substances like Particulate Matter and ground level Ozone, which can sometimes make people sick. C. We burn oil and coal to make the electricity that we need to light buildings and run appliances like televisions and computers. D. However, since the Industrial Revolution, human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels, has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. E. Acid rain then falls to the Earth where it can damage plants, animals, soil, water, and building materials. 2. Which sentence best summarizes the central idea of the text? A. Acid rain is created by human activities and has an effect on the planet. B. The ozone layer controls the temperature of the Earth. C. People burn fossil fuels for various reasons. D. They are inventing ways to reduce the amount of pollution that enters the environment and to prevent new damage in the future.

4 3. This question has two parts. First, answer part A. Then, answer part B. A. What is most likely the author s intent by mentioning, Many human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, cause air pollution. in the middle of the text? A. The author wants to give the reader some background about how and why we use fossil fuels. B. The author wants to describe to the reader the importance of preventing greenhouse gases. C. The author wants to explain one of the factors that creates acid rain. D. The author wants to convince the reader that we should use alternate fuel sources. B. Which sentence from the text best illustrates the conclusion made in part A? A. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. B. When we burn things, they do not disappear. C. Scientists, engineers, and researchers monitor the effects of pollution on the air, forests, water, and soil. D. Greenhouse gases occur naturally in the Earth s atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough for humans to live.

5 4. Read the paragraph from the text and the directions that follow. The consequences of air pollution are important to understand because air pollution can be carried long distances and affect large areas. This means that pollution from a town hundreds of miles away may be affecting your community. Scientists, engineers, and researchers monitor the effects of pollution on the air, forests, water, and soil. They are inventing ways to reduce the amount of pollution that enters the environment and to prevent new damage in the future. What is the author s central idea in this paragraph? Use evidence from the text to support your answer.

6 5. This question has two parts. First, answer part A. Then, answer part B. A. Which of these inferences about the author's purpose is supported by the text? A. The author explains ways to make money or profit from pollution. B. The author informs the reader about the causes and effects of acid rain. C. The author describes ways people can prevent acid rain. D. The author shows the effect of greenhouse gasses on the temperature of earth. B. Which sentence from the text best supports your answer in part A? A. When these pollutants are released into the air, they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form acid rain. B. Humans make use of many things found in nature. C. Natural resources that humans use to generate electricity are called energy resources. D. Most energy in the United States comes from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

7 6. What conclusion can be drawn about acid rain? Support your answer with evidence from the text.

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