Guam Power Authority. Supply Side Options. zzzzzzzzz. April 25, 2012

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1 Guam Power Authority Supply Side Options zzzzzzzzz April 25, 2012

2 2012 Integrated Resource Plan The IRP looks at both Demand Side and Supply Side options that will minimize costs and assure adequate supply of power for Guam s future. This presentation focuses on Supply Side options, including both conventional and renewable generation alternatives, that can be considered in the planning process. 2

3 Two Crucial Goals GPA s goal to provide reliable, cost effective power supply with minimal environmental impact Fuel diversity Renewables The 2008 IRP set the stage for the acquisition of major renewable resources 20 MW of solar at a minimum in the near term and perhaps more 3

4 2012 IRP Supply Side Options Base Case (existing power plants + new solar plant) Existing Generation with new investment to improve efficiency LNG Regasification terminal (with fuel conversion of certain power plants) Repower of an existing power plant New Combined Cycle Small Module Reactor (Nuclear) Renewables Solar Wind Biomass Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) Geothermal 4

5 Base Case: Existing Power Plants 5

6 LNG Regasification Terminal Options Conceptual design for the current daily fuel demand for GPA power plants (34,000 MMBtu/day) and 30 to 60 days of storage Land Based: Offshore dock with pipe bridge and single storage tank on land Capital Cost estimated $200 to $225 million with piping to Cabras and Piti Operating expenses estimated $10 to $15 million/yr Ship Based: Floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) Capital Cost estimated $12 to $15 million Operating expenses estimated $80 to $90 million/yr 6

7 LNG: Example Land Based Option 7

8 LNG: Example Floating Storage & Regasification Unit 8

9 Conversion to Burn LNG Cabras 1 & 2 Capital cost is estimated to be $12 million per unit Cabras 3 & 4 and Piti 8 & 9 Capital cost is estimated to be $13.5 million per unit 9

10 LNG: Pros and Cons Pros: Minimal Capacity and Heat Rate Impacts Lower emissions Reduced operating costs on converted units Possibility for reduced fuel cost Cons: Large capital investment for regas facility Permit and siting required for regas facility Permit modifications likely required for converted units 10

11 Repower Piti 7 to Combined Cycle 11

12 Repower: Details Capacity increase by 20 MW to 60 MW Heat Rate (efficiency) improvement from 11,500 Btu/kWh to 7,800 Btu/kWh(estimated) Capital Cost $70 to $80 million (4,000/kW) Non-fuel operating cost $8 to $12/MWh 12

13 Repower: Pros and Cons Pros: Most efficient fossil fuel unit and significantly reduce oil consumption Lower operating cost ($/MWh) Operational flexibility Low technology risk Cons: Permit modification required Water needs increase 13

14 Example New Combined Cycle 14

15 New Combined Cycle: Details Capacity of 60 to 110 MW Heat Rate 7,800 Btu/kWh(estimated) Capital Cost of $150 to $200 million ($2,000/kW) Non-fuel operating cost $8 to $12/MWh 15

16 New Combined Cycle: Pros and Cons Pros: Most efficient fossil fuel unit Lower operating cost ($/MWh) Operational flexibility Low technology risk Cons: Permitting challenges (air and water) Sizeable capital investment 16

17 Example Small Modular Reactor 17 Image Source: NuScale

18 Small Module Reactor: Details Capacity 25 to 350 MW Heat rate?? Technology is in development stages DOE and several private entities engaged Capital Cost?? Operating Cost?? 18

19 Small Modular Reactor: Pros and Cons Pros: Low variable operating cost Does not use fossil fuel Cons: Licensing process uncertain Licensing and construction duration long (>10 years before available) Large capital investment What to do with spent fuel? Unknown safety and emergency response requirements? 19

20 Renewables Biomass Solar Wind Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) Geothermal And potentially others. Waste to energy, wave power, and others 20

21 Example Biomass Facility 21 Image Source: Topaz Power Group LLC

22 Biomass: Details Capacity 10 to 20 MW Heat rate 15,000 to 20,000 Btu/kWh Fuel source options (wood pellets, etc.) Capital cost of $80 to $120 million ($5,000/kW) Non-fuel operating cost $80 to $120/MWh 22

23 Biomass: Pros and Cons Pros: Possible lower cost fuel Sustainable and renewable resource Cons: High operating costs Physical fuel acquisition and delivery challenges Permitting required (air and water) Ash handling and disposal 23

24 Example Solar Stationary Photovoltaic 24 Image Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

25 Solar: Details Capacity 10 to 20 MW (AC) Capacity factor (utilization) of 20 to 30% Stationary Photovoltaic Capital cost $40 to $80 million ($4,000/kW) Low operating cost 25

26 Solar: Pros and Cons Pros: No fuel cost No emissions and renewable resource Low operating cost Cons: Low capacity factor Requires large footprint 26

27 Example Wind Farm 27 Image Source: self-sufficient-blog.com

28 Wind: Details 20 MW (about 10 wind turbines) Capacity factor (utilization) of 20 to 30% Capital cost $50 to $70 million ($3,000/kW) Operating cost $500,000 to $1.5 mil/yr 28

29 Wind: Pros and Cons Pros: No fuel cost No emissions and renewable resource Low operating cost Cons: Low capacity factors Intermittent resource Requires large footprint 29

30 Example Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 30 Image Source: Lockeed Martin

31 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Details Uses warm (surface) sea water to vaporize operating fluid (ie. ammonia) and cold sea water to condense operating fluid Requires pipe (20-30 ft in diameter, 1-4 miles long) to be submerged into the ocean and a land based power station Technology in development Capital cost?? Operating cost?? 31

32 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Pros and Cons Pros: No fuel cost No emissions and renewable resource Cons: Technology in development stage Large capital investment Rigorous permitting Environmental concerns 32

33 Example Sea Water Air Conditioning 33 Image Source: Construction Week Online

34 Sea Water Air Conditioning: Details Uses cold sea water to cool operating fluid in air conditioning loop on land Requires large (3 to 5 ft diameter), long (1 to 4 miles) pipe submerged into the ocean and land based piping loops Technology in operation at limited sites Sizes are scalable, but larger systems are more cost effective Capital cost?? (Hawaii $250 million) Operating cost?? 34

35 Sea Water Air Conditioning: Pros and Cons Pros: May reduce cost for cooling, a major component of power demanded Cons: Capital intensive Permitting Environmental concerns 35

36 Example Geothermal 36 Image Source: U.S. Department of Energy

37 Geothermal: Details Uses energy from steam or hot, high pressure water from deep inside the earth to drive a turbine Three Types Dry Steam Uses steam to drive a turbine Flash Steam Flashes (vaporizes) hot, high pressure water into steam to drive a turbine Binary Uses heat exchanger to transfer heat to closed loop system with working fluid that drives turbine Guam geothermal resource potential currently unknown Capital cost?? (likely > $5,000/kW) Operating cost?? 37

38 Geothermal: Pros and Cons Pros: No fuel cost No emissions and renewable resource High capacity factor Scalable based on resource Cons: Capital intensive Long development duration (geologic study) Permitting 38

39 Stakeholder Questions Which options might be a good fit for Guam? Which options might not be a good fit for Guam? 39

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