Costanza [19 ], N P K. Chinese Journal of Ecology 2005,24 (9) : ( 1 , ) , ; 2 ,,, ,,,

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1 Chinese Journal of Ecology 2005,24 (9) : , ( 1, ; 2, ) 2003,,,,,,,,,. S A (2005) Process of nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem and its economic value. XIAO Yu 1,2, XIE Gaodi 1,LU Chunxia 1 ( 1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China ; 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China). Chinese Jour2 nal of Ecology,2005,24 (9) : Rice plants in paddy ecosystems take up nitrogen from the soil,store it in straw or transform it into protein and amino acid in seed. This is one of the most important processes of nitrogen cycling in rice field ecosystems. Based on the data from field experiment in Wusi Farm of Shanghai in 2003,we examined the process of nitro2 gen uptake by rice plants,estimated its economic value with the method of replacement price and compared the quantities of the nitrogen uptake and their economic values among different regions,fertilizer dose and crops. The results indicated that the nitrogen uptake by rice plants accumulated rapidly between tillering and heading stage and decreased a short time before harvest stage. The economic values of nitrogen uptake increased with growth stages. Fertilization promoted the accumulation of nitrogen uptakes and their economic values. The ni2 trogen uptakes by rice plants and their economic values were higher than those by wheat and rape. The quanti2 ties of the nitrogen transformed into seed and their economic values were more than that into straw. Key words nitrogen uptake,rice paddy ecosystems,economic values,ecosystem services. Costanza [19 ], 1 Boumans [17 ] GUMBO [20 ],,,,, [9 ],, [16 ], [7 ] [2 ], N P K, ; [9 ] [3 ] [13 ], 3 (L X10 G - E ) ( KZCX3 - SW ) ( ) 3 3 : :

2 : 1069, 3,, , ,3 4,, (30 52 N, E), 213,,, SPSS(version 1115) (ANOVA) ( P =,,0105),,0 20 cm 0108 %, g kg - 1, ( N ) mg kg - 1, ( P) 2311 mg kg - 1, ( K) 230 mg kg - 1,p H , g L , 10 d 2003 : 6 11, 19 d 37 d 65 d 89 d , 119 d 126 d, , kg hm : ;,,0 kg hm - 2,,225 kg hm - 2 [4,,375 kg ] ; hm - 2,450 kg hm - 2, ; , d, ( 1 1) 1 ( kg hm - 2 ) Tab. 1 Accumulation process of aboveground net biomass of rice ecosystems 41 d 72 d 105 d 119 d a a a a a a b c ab b b bc b b ab ab ab a b b b c ab b :, ( P < 0105).. 1 Fig. 1 Change of tiller number in plots under different urea dose, ANOVA,, ( 1) Cassman [18 ], d,, 74 bc ( 1) Jiang [22 ], ,,, ( 2)

3 :,, ( d), ( 25 % 30 %),, ; ( d) 310 % 315 % [1 ( 25 % ] [14 20 %), ],Peng [23 ],, [15, 10 d, ] d, 10 d, d,,,,, ANOVA,,,, ( 2) Cassman [18 ],, : ( ),, ;, 2 Tab. 2 Nitrogen content of aboveground plant in rice paddy ecosystem 41 d 72 d 105 d 119 d a a a a a b b b a a c b b ab a bc ab ab ab a Peng [23 ] 9 12, kg hm - 2 d - 1 ( 3) Peng [23 ], ( 2) 4 d, 30 d, 3 10 d [21 ],, Peng [23 ],,, ANOVA,, 31213,,, ( 1) ( 2) ( 3), [22 ],, Jiang

4 : ( kg hm - 2 d - 1 ) Tab. 3 Nitrogen uptake rates of aboveground plant in rice paddy ecosystem a a a b b ab ab a b b b a b c a b 72 % 90 %, 45 % 62 % 64 % 76 % :, ;, 2 Fig. 2 Nitrogen accumulation of aboveground plant under different [18,22,23 ] urea dose,, :, ; ( 4) 225 kg hm - 2 ( 1),, 2 ; ( 4), ;, [6 N 2 O ], ( 4),, ( 2) Jiang [22 ], (, [8 ] 4),,, 313, 4 Tab. 4 Aboveground plant nitrogen uptakes by different crops (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) [ 5 ] [ 5 ] [ 12 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 11 ] [ 11 ] : ( Oryza sativa L1), ( Triticum aestiv um L1), ( B rassica napus L1). [24 ] 314,,, ;, t - 1,

5 %, 3134,, kg - 1,,, , ( U nited States Wheat Associates), 3 ( 6),, hm - 2, ( 5), ANO kg - 1, VA, ( 6) Tab. 5 Marginal price of wheat protein in June,2004 # kg - 1 kg : # = / 5195 [10 ] ;1 ( ). = ( ), 86 % 88 %, ( 7),, ( 7), 83 % 92 %,, 95 %, ;, 6 ( hm - 2 ) Tab. 6 Economic values of nitrogen uptakes by rice plant 41 d 72 d 105 d 119d a a a a a b bc b ab b b c b bc bc b d b c c Tab. 7 Economic values of nitrogen uptakes transformed by different crops ( hm - 2 ) ( hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) ,, 411,

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