Australia s largest independent energy services company Est. 2002

Transcription

1 The Energy & Water Conservation Experts We Guarantee Savings Australia s largest independent energy services company Est Sydney Sydney Melbourne Melbourne Adelaide Wellington, NZ NZ USA

2 Alternative Energy Sources The cheapest and most available new source of energy is the energy we waste. - Samuel Bodman, former U.S. Secretary of Energy Solar PV Solar Thermal Geothermal Wind Energy Storage Embedded Generation

3 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Is Solar PV a no-brainer?

4 Solar Photovoltaics (PV)

5 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Is Solar PV a no-brainer? Yes. That s the reason it often ends so badly.

6 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Is Solar PV a no-brainer? Yes. That s the reason it often ends so badly.

7 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Is Solar PV a no-brainer? Yes. That s the reason it often ends so badly.

8 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) How to improve the result Design Considerations. Inverter number and types Needs to suit the physical layout Panels need to be matched Location (yes, they get this wrong) Orientation and tilt angle Size and type of roof Size and location of switchboard Load to be connected How much to export

9 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) How to improve the result Load profiles. 900kW system.

10 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) How to improve the result

11 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Some hurdles you may need to get over Paperwork 30 kw 100 kw Financial

12 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Some hurdles you may need to get over STC Small scale Technology certificates. < 100kW systems only. (Formula for STC) Treated as an appliance. Calculated at technology installation and paid up front until 2030 when scheme ends. LGC Large scale Generation certificates. > 100kW systems. (One LGC for 1MWh generated) Treated as a registered power station. Calculated each year based solely on recorded generation. Paid annually on generation, based on market rates.

13 Solar Thermal Directly using the heat of the sun.

14 Solar Thermal Directly using the heat of the sun. Heat is just energy and can be used to: Heat process water, Heat domestic water, Heat a wall or slab, Hydronic space heating, Directly heat a process through heat exchangers, Power a cooling system. Large scale solar thermal is a good option if land is available.

15 Geothermal Directly using the heat of the earth. Can be used as heat source or heat sink. In Australia most often used as a heat sink.

16 Geothermal Heat Source uses the heat of the earth as energy. Needs to be at depth and provides low grade heat.

17 Geothermal Heat Sink uses the steady temperature at the surface. Makes it easier to waste heat. Replaces cooling towers or air cooled radiators. Can be in many forms. Dug into the earth. Using large bodies of water. Can be used directly as pre-cooling or stabilising of air. Outside air passes through chambers.

18 Wind Energy Harnessing kinetic energy.

19 Wind Energy Harnessing kinetic energy. Wind is more efficient. Wind turbines take less space. Wind turbines can generate day and night. Wind can be more cost effective. ($/kwh) Solar panels require less maintenance. Solar is a more predictable energy source. Governments and Councils like solar but do not like wind, so approvals are very difficult for wind.

20 Energy Storage Is NOT an energy source but is simply moving energy. It costs energy to be able to move energy.

21 Energy Storage Energy Storage is simply moving energy. Moving across mediums: o o Electrical to chemical. Liquid to solid (phase change). Moving form: o Kinetic to potential. Moving location: o Pipework to storage tank. Moving across time: o Now to future.

22 Energy Storage Energy Storage is simply moving energy. Why do it?

23 Energy Storage Energy Storage is simply moving energy. Why do it? 2c Benefit Store when cheap. Discharge when expensive. 10c Benefit

24 Energy Storage Forms: Phase Change (liquid to solid) Ice Storage Salts in suspension Thermal storage (insulated tanks of water) Potential Energy Lifting weights Moving height of water Electrical to Chemical (batteries) Lead Acid Li-ion Flow (chemical in suspension)

25 Energy Storage Cost Benefits: Technology has been around for decades Low level of adoption No immediate change with existing technologies Batteries are set to be a game changer Still cost prohibitive purely on economics Payback is equivalent to battery life Watch this space.

26 Embedded Generation Creating electrical energy yourself. Cogeneration o Using an engine to create electricity and also using the heat Trigeneration o Cogeneration plus also using the heat for cooling Demand limiting o Using your emergency diesel backup as an energy source Fuel Cell o Hydrogen powered fuel cell, converts chemical to electrical Waste to fuel o Converting organic waste to heat and/or electricity

27 Alternative Energy Sources