Nickel: creating sustainability in the long term. Dr Mark Mistry Nickel Institute. 28 th International Ferro Alloys Conference

Transcription

1 ckel: creating sustainability in the long term Dr Mark Mistry ckel Institute th International Ferro Alloys Conference Berlin, 13 November 2012

2 Agenda ckel The contributions of nickel to sustainability ckel material of the future current and prospective usage of nickel The importance of nickel in future technologies to address global challenges 2

3 ckel ckel & ckel Institute 3

4 The ckel Institute ckel Members: ckel and compounds producing companies 24 Companies: main producers & growing number of emerging producers Comprising ~75% world primary nickel production 4 4

5 ckel Institute ckel Raleigh (USA): health & environmental science Brussels (B): HQ functions, finance & communications; Advocacy, Market DevelopmentREACH, classifications Tokyo (J): Market Development Advocacy, Beijing (CHN): classifications Market development Mission Statement: To promote and support appropriate applications of nickel The ckel Institute does not present forecasts or comment on nickel markets, prices or supply/demand 5

6 ckel Concept of Sustainability 6

7 The concept of sustainability ckel 1987 Brundlandt Commission (UN): Environmental Dimension sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs World Summit of Sustainable Development Sustainability requires the reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands Economic Dimension Social Dimension 7

8 Important when assessing sustainability ckel Take all dimensions into consideration Environmental Economic social Environmental Dimension Full life cycle thinking Apply sound science Economic Dimension Social Dimension There is no black and white in sustainability but important to assess all dimensions and benefits 8

9 ckel ckel and Sustainability 9

10 Tools to assess contributions to sustainability Outcome are valuable data: - Employment - Taxes - Salaries - Emission reduction potential - Cost savings -... Environmental Dimension Life Cycle Assessments (full life cycle) Inappropriate: carbon footprint (only parts from life cycle) ckel Socio-Economic Analysis Economic Dimension Social Dimension Socio-Economic Analysis Life Cycle Costing (full life cycle) 10

11 Data to assess contributions to sustainability Socioeconomic Dimension Environmental & Health Dimension Mining Metallurgy Fabrication Use Technical dimension Material Flow Dimension ckel data on environmental and human health dimension data on process in- and outputs Material flow data on the value chain Data on use phase, recycling and landfilling Good understanding of stock building End of life Data on employment & economics Data on environmental and human health impacts Data and facts on in- and outputs, LCAs, technical parameters Data and facts on material flows and stocks 11

12 Sustainability: Social dimension ckel-dependent employment in the European Union, 2004 Value chain Component Production and recycling of nickel: mining, refining, scrap collection and preparation First use of nickel: production of alloys and chemicals Intermediate products and services: fabricators, surface finishers, stockists Direct Employment (where nickel is produced or converted into valueadded products) Multiplier effect employment (support industries from legal to trucking to advertizing) ckel Total Employment 16,000 7,000 23,000 75,000 60, ,000 50,000 End-use : nickel and nickel alloys in 330, , ,000 heavy engineering, chemical works, consumer goods Grand total 688,000 ckel value chain in Europe is linked to 690,000 jobs (2004) More than 2,000,000 jobs globally linked to nickel 3-4% of total manufacturing employment in EU [1] Weinberg Socio-Economic Analysis of the EU ckel Value Chain, Data from

13 Sustainability: Economic Dimension (EU) ckel ckel industry & narrow value chain account for substantial tax revenues: 10 billion employment taxes (income taxes and social charges) Companies: net 4 billion in sales taxes Companies: corporation tax and other local taxes. 13

14 Sustainability: Economic Dimension (EU) ckel Total value-added by the nickel industry estimated to be 40 billion. Total value-added is estimated to be of the order of billion. Salaries and wages account to >20 billion Investment in R&D around 2 billion (equals 2% of annual business R&D business expenditure in EU) 14

15 Sustainability: properties of ckel ckel Properties High melting point, 1453ºC Adherent oxide film Corrosion and heat resistant alloys Strength Ductile Alloys readily - as solute and solvent Magnetic at room temperature Deposited by electroplating Catalytic Electrochemical properties Better functionality Longer life time Less maintenance Lower material intensity 15

16 Sustainability: Environmental Dimension LCAs Life Cycle Assessments demonstrate impacts and benefits of nickel use throughout the whole life cycle ckel Main ckel benefits in use phase: Longer life time Less maintenance Durability Better functionality More efficiency Additional Pier: built in 1980 s without SS rebar, collpased in 1990 s Progresso Pier: built in 1941 with containing SS rebar From: 16

17 Sustainability: Environmental Dimension - recycling ckel ckel is 100% recyclable high economic value = nickel a driver to collect containing products Recycling efficiencies are >60% - and amongst the highest for metals Recycling = energy savings, prevents resource depletion and landfilling From: 17

18 Sustainability: Environmental Dimension- recycling (II) Recycling input rate: 33% - a third of the global nickel supply is from recycling ckel EOL recycling rate: 63% - roughly two third of the nickel after its use is recycled Amongst the highest recycling rates for metals 18

19 ckel Current and prospective uses of nickel 19

20 Current nickel first and end uses (2007/2008 data) Stainless steel and other alloys account to > 79% of nickel first uses ckel Plating second biggest first use market Chemicals and castings Main end uses are Construction Piping Chemical processing Kitchenware Automotive Food processing Aircraft & areospace 20

21 ckel and global megatrends Global megatrends which will be of central importance Population Transport Accomodation Food and water Energy ckel Source: 21

22 ckel and global megatrends: population World population is growing from currently >6 billion to 9-10 billion in 2050 Main growth in Asia & Africa 80% of the population outside North America, Europe & Oceania Source: ckel Regions outside North America, Europe and Asia to drive end use demand Source: Reck & Rotter: Journal of Industrial Ecology (2012) 22

23 ckel and global megatrends: mobility ckel Absolute increase in energy consumption in mobility can be expected Road transport will significantly increase Emerging vehicle technologies (hydrogen, hybrid, electrical) to play an important role ckel containing battery technologies will play a key role Source: WBCSD Report: Pathways to

24 ckel and global megatrends: accommodation ckel Roughly a third of the global energy consumption will be related to buildings Roughly two third of the energy in housing and accomodation linked to heating (space, water) ckel and stainless steel of high relevance Source: 24

25 ckel and global megatrends: food and water Substantial increase in water use to be expected for agriculture, domestic and industrial uses ckel Food consumption will increase in total amounts and food quality & processing ckel containing SS broadly used due to hygiene properties Source: Source: freshwater.jpg 25

26 ckel and global megatrends: energy increase in energy demand by 2050 combined with massive reduction in GHG emissions ckel Green energy from renewables will play a central role Fossil energy maintains its importance but technology needs to become more efficient Source: WBCSD Report: Pathways to 2050 High tech will gain increasing importance to achieve higher efficiencies or in the further development of renewable energies 26

27 ckel and global megatrends: conclusions ckel World population: >50% increase between 2010 and 2050 > 80% of the global population located in developing countries with growing economies and increased demand for clean water and safe food Energy demand will increase by 2050 with growing importance of renewables Buildings & housing will account for a third of the energy consumption in 2050 strong need to address challenges with energy consumption Significant mobility increases with growing importance of low carbon technologies (hybrid, electric) We need solutions to manage the expected demands and enable us to meet these challenges New and adpated technologies, smart solutions and energy savings will be required all based on raw materials, including ckel 27

28 ckel Importance of nickel in future technologies: example of energy technology

29 Raw materials demand in a low carbon economy ckel Leiden University investigated raw material demand linked to low carbon economy Various technologies / scenarios are assessed IEA Blue Map Non fossil energy supply Carbon capture and storage Current mix Assessment of raw materials which are needed From: Kleijn R, et al., Metal requirements of low-carbon power generation, Energy (2011), doi: /j.energy

30 Raw materials demand in a low carbon economy ckel Conclusion: independant from the technology chosen the demand for nickel will multiply ckel and nickel containing stainless steel is essential in future energy technologies From: Kleijn R, et al., Metal requirements of low-carbon power generation, Energy (2011), doi: /j.energy

31 ckel Conclusions 31

32 Conclusion ckel ckel is contributing to the various pillars of sustainability It is an essential material at the begin of critical value chains Global megatrends will require nickel as essential raw material It will play in future a key role in addressing global challenges such as climate change 32