The True Challenges & Risks of Biogas and its Utilization Options in Thailand

Transcription

1 The True Challenges & Risks of Biogas and its Utilization Options in Thailand 1

2 Technologies Biogas Production Plants Landfill Gas Recovery Biogas Engine Generators Biogas Purification Biomass Fired Heat and Power Plants Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plants Waste Heat Recovery Systems 2

3 Typical Applications for Biogas in Thailand Farm Waste Agri-Industrial Waste (Starch, Palm Oil, Sugar,.) Landfill Gas Ethanol WW from Molasses and cassava Napier Grass (NEW and Special) Seafood Industry Tropical Fruit Processing Slaughterhouse Waste OFMSW General Food and Beverage Industry 3

4 Biogas Production Technology How it works Biogas Treated Wastewater Wastewater Inlet 4

5 Biomethanation Reactors (1) Technical solutions do exist for all organic substrates to produce Biogas. Many reactor types are available, mesophilic or thermophilic. High tech and high performance solutions. Low tech and low performance solutions. 5

6 Biomethanation Reactors Various pre- and post- treatments are available and must be carefully engineered and selected. 6

7 Different Reactors (1) Medium/High Loading Rate: beet sugar, starch, brewery, soft drinks. Juices, fruit & veg. processing, potato & corn processing, slaughterhouse, rendering, cheese processing. Low/Medium Loading Rate fermentation (alcohol, baker s yeast, citric acid), fish and meat processing, slaughterhouse, rendering, dairy industry. High Loading Rate - Tower

8 Different Reactors (2) High FOG: Fermentation Fish & Meat, Slaughterhouses, Rendering, Cheese Processing. Oil & Toxicity Proof: Petrochemical Applications, Sludge & Slurries: Molasses distilleries Sludges, pulps Alternative Reactor: Covered lagoon, Molasses distilleries, Pulp & Paper Industry, and many more applications where space is 8 available

9 Biogas Utilization Material for reactor tanks: new options for Thailand round bolted steel tanks, pre coated inside/outside 9

10 Biogas Utilization Inground or covered lagoon reactors are very common here in Thailand. Where space does not matter, where feedstocks are unstable and undefined! or even for post treatment, probably a realistic solution. 10

11 Biogas Production 11

12 Examples of Biogas Projects in Thailand 100% bunker oil replacement MW electricity generation 100% bunker oil replacement. 12

13 Selected References 13

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17 Biogas Utilization The biogas can be utilized in many ways depending on the thermal or electricity energy requirements of your factory such as fuel replacement for boiler, electricity generation etc. Thanks to Thailand s adder system you are motivated to sell to the grid. You might also want to produce CBG (compressed biogas) for use as vehicle fuel 17

18 Biogas Production and Methane Gas Estimation The estimation of the biogas production rate and methane gas content is the first step in the biogas utilization plan. The major factors are biodegradable COD load and flow rate of the wastewater. These factors are related to the raw material, the capacity of the plant, and the production process. 18

19 Wastewater Treatment Concerns (2) How do I design the size of the plant, considering unstable feedstock supply patterns? Do I go for maximum and invest in a plant which is then for certain periods too big and underutilized? Or do I go for small and bypass the substrate/water for too long periods? 19

20 Wastewater Treatment Concerns (3) How do I get my wastewater or solids to the reactor? What space do I need? Did I consider also biogas treatment for its intended purpose, i.e. power generation / boiler? Do I need scrubbing (H2S..), drying? How far do I have to transport the gas? 20

21 Investment and Financial Concern (1) How do I optimize my revenue from the biogas plant? Do I give preference to the power generators? The remaining gas to the boiler? Do I sell my power to the grid? Do I replace other fossil fuels such as bunker oil? Where is the break-even? 21

22 Investment and Financial Concern (2) Have I explored all financial initiatives available to support the implementation of the project? Is my project generating carbon credits? Is it worth to follow all the CDM procedures? Shall I invest myself or look for BOO/BOT partners? 22

23 Possibilities of Biogas Utilization Oil/ coal replacement Biogas Electricity generation Compressed Biogas

24 Consideration about the Biogas Still: Biogas you do not buy thru a pipeline or from a tank or storage on call like other fuels but is the result of a biological process, which may bear unpredictable issues. The dependence to biogas must be well considered in terms of down stream processes, not only from smooth process flow but also commercial considerations must be applied! and above all: SAFETY! 24

25 Oil/ coal replacement Boilers Dual fuel burner systems 25

26 Electricity Generation CHP Plant Biogas blower Biogas drier Biogas scrubber 26

27 Biogas Cleaning (1) Only methane in the biogas is a source of energy. Some other compositions are not utilized for the energy production such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide gas, small particle (dust), and moisture. Biogas cleaning may be required. Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) or moisture can damage the biogas utilizing equipment. 27

28 H2S Scrubbers Biogas contains H 2 S, a very corrosive gas which is unwanted at the down stream equipment such as engines, biogas purifiers but also in (SO x ) emmissions. Bioscrubbers are here the optimal solution. 28

29 Biogas Cleaning (2) Hydrogen Sulfide gas (H 2 S) Corrosive to metal part of the equipment. H 2 S gas production based on the raw materials: Ethanol from molasses: commonly 20-30,000 ppm Cassava Starch: 3,000 ppm The maximum limit of H 2 S: Electricity generator:200 ppm. (or lower) Burner and boiler: 2,000 5,000 ppm. (better none or low, also for emission reasons) 29

30 Biogas Cleaning Techniques Scrubbing/Sweetening: H 2 S gas and dust removal. Dryer/Demister: H 2 O content removal. 30

31 BioGasclean Asia Biological H 2 S removal Peter Thygesen, BioGasclean Asia Renewable Energy Asia, Bitec Bangkok, June, 2013

32 BioGasclean A/S Denmark, Head office BioGasclean Asia Co.,Ltd, Thailand Leaders in biological removal of H 2 S from biogas. Have worked on most known substrates and engines. Have installations in about 30 countries. Have more than 110 installations with an installed generating capacity of over 280 MW

33 Basic Value-chain on a Biogas plant 1. Biogas Generation: Conversion of COD to Biogas 2. Gas Treatment: H2S removal Drying Pressure adjustment 3. Energy & Power generation Gas Engine Boiler Each step is equally important and need to operate with high reliability to create revenue on the plant

34 Key points in reliable H 2 S removal Proper knowhow in design and dimensioning Materials in the right quality for high corrosive environment. Integration of the system on the biogas plant Advances Process control Safety considerations Operation and Maintenance After Sales Service

35 P/V valve Bio scrubber principle Tan k Spray system Air injection Effluent water adding Pre-treatment(MUW) PTU O2 Gas outlet Gas inlet MUW tanks Effluent Storage tank Circulating pump Air Blower High level Low level SO Auto Drain MgSO4, CaSO4 Gutter MgSO4, CaSO4 Effluent Pump

36 BiogasCleaner FRP tank Thailand Capacity: 700 Nm 3 /h ppm H 2 S => 100 ppm Cassava WWTP

37 BiogasCleaner 3 FRP tanks Denmark, Design Capacity: 3,600m 3 /h 3,000ppm

38 PTU in FRP housing

39 BiogasCleaner built on-site Thailand Design Capacity: Nm 3 /h, ppm H 2 S => 100 ppm Sugar cane molasses ethanol WWTP

40 Cost for H 2 S removal Example1: 3,000 ppm H 2 S (Cassava and POME) Treatment cost per 1,000 m 3 = 70 THB Cost per MW electrical produced = 34 THB Example 2: 20,000 ppm H 2 S (Molasses based Ethanol) Treatment cost per 1,000 m 3 = 465 THB Cost per MW electrical produced = 225 THB. Average Selling price for 1 MW in Thailand = 3,100 THB Budget conditions: Plant life 15 years; 8,000 h operation/y, Maintenance & QSR cleaning, 3 MW installation with 1,600 m 3 /h capacity.

41 References No. Country No. Power MW 1 Thailand Denmark Malaysia U.S.A Guatemala India Indonesia Canada Turkey to to 29 Argentina/China/Mexico/Morocco/Pakistan/ Israel/ South Africa (2 INSTALLATIONS EACH) Australia/Brazil/Colombia/Cambodia/Finland Italy/Lithuania/Netherland/New Zealand Poland/UK/Vietnam/Laos (1 INSTALLATION EACH) TOTAL

42 Thank You Asia

43 Biogas upgrading technology 43

44 Biogas related to industries Industries Process Basic nutrient for the anaerobic fermentation Methane / CO2 ratio Agriculture sector, breweries,destilleries Mono fermentation Vegetable-based material (corn silage, spent hops, spent grain, etc.) 55% / 45% Cattle farms COfermentation Manure (cow, pig, chicken) with vegetable-based material 55% / 45% Compost-processing industry VFG Vegetable-based material 55% / 45% 70% / 30% Potable water companies, water authorities, STP,\ industrial wastewater treatment Systems Water treatment Semi-solid organic residues from water and solids (sludge) 65% / 35% 44

45 Biogas Upgrading Pentair Haffmans upgrade installation Biogas 55% CH 4 45% CO 2 Bio-methane Green CO 2 Membrane and CO2 recovery technology In summary 100 % CH4 is turned into bio methane No CO2 is wasted extra source of income 45

46 Biogas Upgrading Biomethane (Green Gas) Membrane Unit CO 2 Recovery CO 2 46

47 Wastewater Treatment plant Process Diagram 47

48 Biogas Upgrading Installation Mass Balance Membrane Unit Biogas 250 Nm 3 /h (55% CH 4 45% CO 2 ) Bio-methane 153 Nm 3 /h 1.3 m Nm 3 /y H 2 S removal Gaseous CO 2 CO 2 Recovery System (50% CH 4 50% CO 2 ) Gaseous CO 2 (10 CH 4 90 % CO 2 ) 175 kg/h CO 2 1,600 tons/y CO 2

49 Biogas Upgrading Installation 250 m 3 /h Beverwijk Plant Capacity Biogas source 250 Nm 3 per hour Wastewater treatment plant Methane / CO 2 Ratio 55 % CH 4 / 45 % CO 2 Pressure Biomethane produced CO 2 Recovered CO 2 used for Methane Loss Injection into grid 8 bar 1,280,000 Nm 3 / year 1,600 ton / year ph correction of water coming from wastewater treatment plant None According to Dutch Specifications

50 Biogas Upgrading Installation 450 m 3 /h Well Plant Capacity Biogas source 450 Nm 3 per hour Vegetable-based material (Compost-processing industry) Methane / CO 2 Ratio 55 % CH 4 / 45 % CO 2 Pressure Biomethane produced CO 2 Recovered CO 2 used for Methane Loss Injection into grid 8 bar 2,200,000 Nm 3 / year 2,520 ton / year Greenhouse / Cooling agent / Dry-ice None According to Dutch Specifications

51 Biogas Upgrading Installation 350 m 3 /h Witteveen Plant Capacity Biogas source 350 Nm 3 per hour Vegetable-based material (corn silage,spent hops, spent grain, etc.) (Mono-Digestion) Methane / CO 2 Ratio 55 % CH 4 / 45 % CO 2 Pressure Biomethane produced CO 2 Recovered Methane Loss Injection into grid 8 bar 1,600,000 Nm 3 / year ton / year None According to Dutch Specifications 51

52 Siloxane Removal Systems

53 Siloxane Removal Systems

54 Investment and Financial Concern (4) Investment and Finance. As all biological processes it seems that banks and fund managers have endless questions and doubts and ask for guarantees. Since feedstock for the plants is readily available there should be no doubt that today technologies as offered by us are reliable systems, well proven etc.

55 Thank You RETECH ENERGY CO., LTD. 2/22 Iyara Tower 6th and 7 th Floor Chan Road, Soi 2 Kwaeng Thungwatdorn, Khet Sathorn Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel , Fax info@retech-energy.com w w w. r e t e c h - e n e r g y. c o m