Disciplinary Core Idea: PS3.A: Definitions of Energy - Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or

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1 Cassie Miller SCI 319 Lesson Plan Title: Energy Transfer Grade: 4 Learning Objectives: The learner will explain how energy is transferred by sound, light, heat, and electricity. The learner will analyze different types of energy transfer through classroom stations. The learner will relate energy transfer to phenomena in their daily lives. Prior Knowledge: Energy is generally associated with movement. Energy is used to make things happen. There are different types of energy including heat, potential, kinetic, electrical, sound, and light. Misconceptions: The expression 'using up energy' leads to a major misconception, suggesting that energy is a substance that can be used up. This misconception will be addressed throughout the lesson, particularly at the electrical station where students will see the station set up in a circuit. This suggests that energy continuously flows with in the system and does not run out. GLCE s: P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy. P.EN Identify heat and electricity as forms of energy. P.EN.E.4 Energy and Temperature- Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy. P.EN Demonstrate how temperature can be increased in a substance by adding energy. P.EN Describe heat as the energy produced when substances burn, certain kinds of materials rub against each other, and when electricity flows through wire. P.EN Demonstrate how electrical energy is transferred and changed through the use of a simple circuit. NGSS: 4- PS3-2: Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. Science & Engineering Practice: Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions Disciplinary Core Idea: PS3.A: Definitions of Energy - Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or Crosscutting Concept: Energy and Matter Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects.

2 to problems in 3 5 builds on K 2 experiences and progresses to include investigations that control variables and provide evidence to support explanations or design solutions. Make observations to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution. electric currents. PS3.B: Conservation of Energy and EnergyTransfer - Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. - Light also transfers energy from place to place. - Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. Lesson Procedures Materials/Setup Safety Engage Begin the lesson by brainstorming different types of energy as a class to gain an understanding of what the students prior knowledge consists of regarding energy. After introducing the lesson for the day, Materials: - approximately 100 dominos - Setup: - whiteboard/markers prior to the lesson set

3 Explore ask the class: Do we have different types of energy? What are they? Accept all answers from the students and write them down on the board as they are given. Have the class gather around a domino display that has been previously set up. Knock over the first domino when everyone is watching so that the rest fall over as well. Ask the students if any energy was involved the experiment that you just performed. Accept all answers and allow a short discussion on the types of energy previously discussed exhibited in the domino fall. Divide the class into four equal groups to visit stations with simple demonstrations that show the four different types of energy transfer (sound, light, heat, electricity). As the students visit each station they should use the attached worksheet to answer questions and write down their own questions and observations. Station 1 sound: Students will lay a piece of paper on top of a speaker and play music quietly. Watching the piece of paper closely, they will gradually turn up the music and observe the paper moving. They may also feel their vocal cords vibrating as they talk with each other. Station 2 light: Students will take UV beads out from underneath the bowl and expose them to light from the classroom and through the use of the flashlights, and observe them changing colors. Station 3 heat: Students will place a beaker full of water on a hot plate, and record the temperature of the water and observe it boiling. Station 4 electric currents: Students will experiment with the materials provided until they are able to observe up a display of dominos so that they are standing on an edge and will collapse if one is knocked over Materials: - paper - speakers - UV beads - Bowl - Flashlight - Beaker - Water - Hot Plate - Thermometer - Battery - Electrical Wire - Light Bulb Setup: - Stations should be set up in four corners of the room with desks toward the middle so there s plenty of room for activity and rotation - UV beads should be placed under an opaque bowl to prevent light from getting to them

4 Explain Elaborate the light bulb illuminating. Once all of the students have completed each station, regroup the class and hold a class discussion. Ask: What did each of the stations have in common? What was different about the stations? Were there any two stations that had more in common than the others? The class should discuss the answers they wrote down on their lab sheet as they worked through the stations, and the teach will guide students towards ensuring that all of their answers on that sheet are correct. Provide students with information of how energy is transferred in each of the stations. Continue the class discussion so that the relationship between the new information and the station is clear to the students. They should be filling in their Energy Information handout with notes as the lesson goes along. Once students demonstrate a clear understanding of the mediums and methods through which heat is transferring, they will write a short paragraph providing new examples of each of the four types of energy being transferred. The paragraph should discuss each main type of energy being transferred through something that occurs in our daily lives and explain how and why it happens. Materials: - whiteboard/markers to write down big ideas discussed as a class - Completed lab sheet Setup: - classroom should be organized in a group- like fashion that encourages class participation Materials: - Energy Information handout - Every Day Energy Transfer paragraph guide - Rubric Setup: - May vary; students will work individually on this portion of the lesson Evaluate: This lesson will be evaluated through a series of formative assessments given throughout. All assessments given are in relevance to the Learning Objective and GLCE Code provided, as well as the Next Generation Science Standard 4- PS3-2. Lesson Learning GLCE Code Activity Assessment Engage Objective The learner will relate energy transfer to phenomena in their daily lives. P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy. Class discussion and domino demonstration The teacher will formatively assess the students prior

5 Explore Explain Elaborate The learner will analyze different types of energy transfer through classroom stations. The learner will analyze different types of energy transfer through classroom stations. The learner will explain how energy is transferred by sound, light, heat, and electricity. P.EN.E.4 Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy. P.EN Demonstrate how temperature can be increased in a substance by adding energy. P.EN Demonstrate how electrical energy is transferred and changed through the use of a simple circuit. P.EN Identify heat and electricity as forms of energy. P.EN.E.4 Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy. P.EN Describe heat as the energy produced when substances burn, certain kinds of materials rub against each other, and when electricity flows through wire. The learner will P.EN Identify heat and Stations demonstrating energy transfer between sound, light, heat, and electricity Class discussion of laws of energy transfer Descriptive knowledge about energy through the class discussion. The teacher will collect the worksheet that students filled out during their lab stations to see that they were observing energy transfer and asking appropriate questions. The teacher will have each group explain how energy was transferred in one of the stations and use this as a form of formative verbal assessment. The teacher

6 explain how energy is transferred by sound, light, heat, and electricity. electricity as forms of energy. P.EN.E.4 Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy. P.EN Describe heat as the energy produced when substances burn, certain kinds of materials rub against each other, and when electricity flows through wire. paragraph will collect the descriptive paragraph to use as a summative assessment and grade it according the rubric provided.

7 Scientific Background: There are three types of heat energy transfer; convection, radiation, and conduction. Convection is the transfer of heat by motion of objects. It occurs due to the density of warm and cold air in that warm air has a natural tendency to rise, while cooler air tends to sink. Example: Spring turnover. Radiation is the transfer of energy without a connecting medium, including space. The energy is carried by electromagnetic waves (also known as light), which can be radio, infrared, visible, UV, or Gamma rays. Example: Sun heating pavement. Conduction is the transfer of energy through collisions, thus involving a connecting medium. Heat transfers from the source of heat to the cooler object or area. Example: Touching a stove. Sound energy is transferred through waves when the particles it passes through vibrate. The amount of energy a sound wave carries depends on its frequency and wavelength. The greater the amplitude, the more energy. Electricity transfer occurs amongst atoms, which contain negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons surrounding its nucleus. It is most commonly seen when lots of electrons move from one place to another very quickly in lightning. The kind of electricity this experiment involves with a battery is transferred through a direct current, which is a constant stream of charges in one direction. Alternating energy changes directions. The best real- life example of direct current is a battery. Batteries have positive (+) and negative (- ) terminals. If you take a wire and connect the positive and negative terminals on a battery, the electrons in the wires will begin to flow to produce a current. You can prove that the current is flowing if you connect a small light to the circuit. The light will begin to glow as the electrons pass through the filaments (Rader, 2012). Light carries energy as particles called photons, and the energy is determined by wavelength. The more energy, the brighter the light and vice versa.

8 References: Huang, S. (n.d.). Chain Reaction Simulation. Chain Reaction Simulation. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from physics/chain- reaction- simulation/ Rader, A. (n.d.). Energy Likes to Move. Physics4Kids.com: Thermodynamics & Heat: Energy Transfer. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from Ross, K. (2008, September 23). K4.5 Energy Resources and energy transfer. The Association for Science Education. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from knowledge/k45- energy- resources- and- energy- transfer/#conceptualbarriers Waves as energy transfer. (2011, April 21). Science Learning Hub RSS. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from Stories/Tsunamis- and- Surf/Waves- as- energy- transfer Pictures From: planet- solar- energy.com/solar- cell- electricity.html Attachments: Lab Worksheet/Questions Energy Information Every Day Energy Transfer Descriptive Paragraph Guide!Rubric

9 Lab Questions Station 1 Sound: Lay a piece of paper on top of the speaker and play music quietly. Gradually turn the music up louder and record your observations. If you have extra time, place your fingers near you Adam s Apple while you talk and write what you feel. Observations: What is happening to the piece of paper? What types of energy can you see being transferred? Questions for class discussion: Station 2 Light: Take UV beads out from underneath the bowl and expose them to light from the classroom and through the use of the flashlights. Record what you see. Observations: What is happening to the beads? What types of energy can you see being transferred? Questions for class discussion: Station 3 Heat: Place a beaker full of water on top of the hot plate and observe the water and the thermometer over time. Record your observations. Observations: What is happening to the water? What types of energy can you see being transferred? Questions for class discussion: Station 4 Electric Currents: Experiment with the materials you see in front of you and see if you are able to light the bulb. Once you accomplish this task, record exactly how you did it. You may only ask for the teachers help after you ve tried it yourself at least 3 different ways. Observations: What is happening to the light bulb? What types of energy can you see being transferred? Questions for class discussion:

10 Energy Information Sound Light Heat Electric Current

11 Every Day Energy Transfer Directions: Explain the four different types of energy we discussed in class in your own words. For each type of energy, (a) describe how energy is transferred and (b) give an example of where you might see this energy transfer in your daily life. The examples must be different than the ones seen in our lab stations and illustrations should be used to support your work. Be sure to check the rubric before turning in your assignment.

12 Every Day Energy Transfer Rubric CATEGORY Quality of Information Information clearly relates to the main topic. Each type of energy includes supporting details and/or examples. Information clearly relates to the main topic. each type of energy has 1-2 supporting details and/or examples. Information clearly relates to the main topic. However, no details and/or examples are given, or the examples listed are incorrect. Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic. Mechanics No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Almost no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors A few grammatical spelling, or punctuation errors. Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Diagrams & Illustrations Diagrams and illustrations are neat, accurate and add to the reader\'s understanding of the topic. Diagrams and illustrations are accurate and add to the reader\'s understanding of the topic. Diagrams and illustrations are neat and accurate and sometimes add to the reader\'s understanding of the topic. Diagrams and illustrations are not accurate OR do not add to the reader\'s understanding of the topic.