Non Wood Fiber & Columbia Pulp. Mark Lewis John Begley October 18, 2017

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1 Non Wood Fiber & Columbia Pulp Mark Lewis John Begley October 18, 2017

2 Why Non Wood Fibers? Shortage of Hardwood Fiber in NW Hardwood Fiber Length More Biomass Available Higher Production Rates per Acre Doug Fir 2 tons per acre per year Ag Residue and Fibers 2 to 35 tons per acre per year Utilization of Residual Agricultural Waste Higher Strength than Hardwood Fibers Potential for Lower Weight Packaging and Products

3 North American Biomass Potential

4 Environmental Benefits of the Phoenix Process Traditional Wood Pulp Kraft Mills Sulfur Compounds NOX & SOX emissions High Energy Consumption Generally run at 170 C High Water Usage 40 45% Yield High Capital Costs Large Pressure Vessels Lignin for Energy Phoenix Process /Columbia Pulp Sulfur Free/Environmentally Benign Low Energy Atmospheric Conditions Lower Water Usage 10% of Equivalent Kraft Mill 60 65% Yield Low Capital Cost ~ Zero Effluent By Products Back to Farmers Other Commercial Uses

5 Sustainable Packaging on the Rise 12 States in U.S. with city bans on polystyrene packaging today cities 5 additional states in process 7 cities (including Boston, Philly, and Chicago) Experts estimate that goods made in part from renewable resources will make up 10 percent of all American manufacturing by 2020 and 50 percent by ~ sustainable future.org.

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7 Raw Material Supply Ag Residue Wheat Bagasse Barley Fiber Specific Crops Arundo donax Bamboo Kenaf Crops from Bio Ethanol Plants Miscanthus Energy Cane Energy Sorghum

8 Fiber Length WAFL (mm) Alfalfa 0.87 Arundo 1.21 Bagasse 0.81 Bamboo 1.39 Miscanthus 1.05 Wheat 1.10 Aspen 0.8 Maple 0.6 Spruce 2.6

9 Wheat Straw SEM

10 Tensile Index Results 500 CSF 400 CSF 300 CSF Wheat Straw Bagasse Bamboo Arundo donax Miscanthus Energy Sorghum Aspen Maple Eucalyptus

11 Tear Index Results 500 CSF 400 CSF 300 CSF Wheat Straw Bagasse Bamboo Arundo donax Miscanthus Energy Sorghum Aspen Maple Eucalyptus

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13 50% Wheat 50% OCC 100% Wheat Straw 5% Wheat 95% Blend 10% Wheat 90% Blend 25% Wheat 75% Blend T1612 Control Tensile lbs/in MD % difference from Control 18.6% 41.5% 11.2% 8.5% 22.8% 0 Tensile, psi MD Tensile, psi MD % difference from Control 48.6% 83.2% 13.2% 10.4% 30.4% 0 Tensile lbs/in CD % difference from Control 20.5% 44.0% 1.0% 4.1% 10.0% 0 Tensile, psi CD Tensile, psi CD % difference from Control 51.0% 86.4% 0.8% 6.0% 16.8% 0

14 Control 50 Wheat/50 OCC 100% Wheat %5 Wheat and 95% Blend 10% Wheat 90% Blend 25% Wheat 75% Blend Control STFI, psi MD STFI psi MD % difference from Control 29.2% 63.2% 8.4% 8.9% 9.5% 0 STFI, MD lb/lb Basis Weight STFI, MD lb/lb Basis Weight % difference from Control 8.9% 28.1% 1.9% 5.2% 6.4% 0 STFI, psi CD STFI psi CD % difference from Control 34.6% 58.9% 3.8% 2.4% 9.5% 0 STFI, CD lb/lb Basis Weight STFI, CD lb/lb Basis Weight % difference from Control 13.5% 24.7% 2.4% 1.0% 6.5% 0 STFI Ratio

15 Molded Pulp Packaging Replacing Blister Pack

16 Columbia Pulp Project Summary Columbia Pulp broke ground on August 10 th on $184 million complex. It is expected to be under construction for 14 months and start up in fall of Columbia Pulp will process straw utilizing the Phoenix Process from eastern Washington farmers into valuable products: pulp for papermaking and lignin/sugars for coproducts. The Facility is anticipated to utilize 230,000 tons of waste straw to produce 150,000 tons of Pulp and 95,000 tons of Co Product per year. The Pulp will be sold to regional mills for use in a variety of products including paper towels, tissue, molded fiber, specialty papers and packaging products. The Co Product will be sold for road and agricultural uses such as de icing, dust control, and spray adjuvants 16

17 Project Site The Site and Facility

18 Columbia Pulp Solutions Market Ready Technology. 20 years of lab work has optimized the proprietary licensed technology which will be used by Columbia Pulp. Currently there is a Test Facility operating in Dayton, WA producing samples for market development. Quality Product. The process produces pulp whose strength and other properties are comparable or superior to those of hardwood pulp. Feedstock Reduces GHG Impacts. Ample feedstock is available: Columbia is sited in the middle of the most intensive wheat farming region in the US. The plant will use only 5% of the straw available within a 75 mile radius; but this will materially reduce impacts from burning. Lower Costs & Impacts. The proprietary licensed pulping process uses less chemicals, energy, and water than conventional pulping that offers significant cost advantages over traditional pulp mills. Valuable Co products. The process creates sugars and lignin which will be sold by Columbia as soil amendment and road applications. 18

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