Impact of non-point source pollution on water quality of Pengxi River using SWAT model after 175-meter water project operation of the Three Gorges Dam
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1 Purdue University, USA Impact of non-point source pollution on water quality of Pengxi River using SWAT model after 175-meter water project operation of the Three Gorges Dam Yingyuan Shi, Wanshun Zhang, Gaohong Xu, Sijia Yang, Yonggui Wang Presenter: Yingyuan Shi Supervisor: Prof. Wanshun Zhang Wuhan University October 16, 2015 International SWAT Conference
2 Study area Data Objective Results
3 Three Gorges Project The Three Gorges including Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, span 193 kilometer from the western-upriver city of Fengjie in Chongqing to Yichang Nanjinguan in Hubei Province.
4 TGR Dam Climate: subtropical monsoon Distribution of counties in the TGR Catchment area: 54,000 km 2 Population: 16.8 million
5 Number of bloom outbreaks CONTENTS Algae Blooms From 2003 to 2012, algal blooms have occurred in more than 20 tributaries, a total number of 197 cases. Duckweeds in Jialing river Blooms in Peng river Blooms in Xiangxi river (a) Cyanobacteria in Zigui Year (b) dinoflagellate green alga Implicit cyanobacteria Month
6 Factors influence algae blooms Slower flow Deeper water Longer residence Less diffusion Temperature Flow velocity (ntu.edu.sg) Light Bloom Species competition Nitrogen Phosphorus etc. Nutritive salt Algae deposition
7 Basic Situation of Reservoir Inundation Since the TGR has reached a sufficient water-level scheduling interval from 145 to 175 meter, creating a 30-meter water-level-fluctuation (WLF) zone 水位 (m) 月份 Month Water Level (m) m 175
8 Water Environment Tributaries Water quality changes in tributaries at different stages of operation pattern 试验性蓄水期 172~175 m 156 m 156 水位 135 m水位 蓄水前 Before TGR 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Water Quality Class Ⅱ Ⅳ Ⅱ 类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ 类 Ⅴ V worse-v 类劣 Ⅴ 类
9 Flow (m³/s) CONTENTS Chances of different precipitations in Pengxi River basin P (%) Theory p(%) Experi P(%) P (%) Precipitation (mm)
10 Study area Located in E ~108 54, N30 49 ~31 42 Climate: subtropical monsoon Annual rainfall: mm River length: km Catchment area: 5,173 km 2 Annual runoff: 3.4 billion m 3 Population:
11 Framework Study Aim: applying SWAT model, we investigate the impacts of non-point source pollution on water quality of Pengxi River based on 145-meter and 175-meter impoundment scenarios. DEM soil type land use SWAT hydro-meteorology database 145 m 175 m pollution load flow flow pollution load Pollution load of WLF zone by subtracting 175-meter and 145-meter scenarios Impact on water quality of Pengxi River forecast of water quality
12 Data preparation Data Data type Resolution or Scale Source Data DEM Raster 30 m * 30 m Chinese Academy of Sciences Data Mirror Soil type Raster 1: Calibration:5 years ( ) Validation: 2 years ( ) China Soil Scientific Database, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Land use types Vector 1: GEODATA.CN River network Vector 1: Meteorology Database File Hydrographic Office, Yangtze River Commission China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System
13 DEM Data
14 171 subbasins 1252 HRUs River Network Data DEM
15 Soil distribution Data DEM
16 Land use Data
17 Land use changes between 145-meter and 175-meter impoundment (1) Land use in 145-meter scenario Data
18 (2) Land use in 175-meter scenario Data
19 (3) (4) Data 145-meter 175-meter
20 Proportion of land uses between 145-meter and 175-meter water level scenarios. Data
21 Calibration Parameters Data Calibration CH N2 SURLAG ESCO SOL K SOL-AWC GWDELAY CANMAX CN2 EPCO Manning s n value for the main channel Surface runoff lag coefficient Evaporation compensation coefficient Saturated hydraulic conductivity available water capacity Groundwater delay time(days) maximum canopy storage Initial SCS runoff curve number for moisture condition Plant uptake compensation factor
22 Sampling Location Wenquan Station Results
23 mg/l mg/l m 3 /s mg/l CONTENTS Validation 800 Flow 0 8 COD measured simulated precipitation (a) simulated values observed values (b) TP NH 4 -N Results simulated values observed values (c) simulated values observed values (d)
24 Simulated Simulated Simulated Simulated CONTENTS 40 Flow COD y = x R² = y = x R² = Measured (a) Measured (b) 5 4 TP NH 4 -N Results y = x R² = Measured (c) y = x R² = Measured (d)
25 HRU Analysis Locations Low density population 2-High density population 3-paddy soils 4-purplish soils 5-slope(0-30) 6-slope( 30) 7-rocks district Results
26 TP mg/l TP mg/l TP mg/l CONTENT S HRU Analysis Introductio n Soil type influence Population impact shuidaotu Paddy soil zisetu Purple soil (a ) high population density Gradient effect low population density (b) 1.2 Results (c)
27 145m Results
28 175m Results
29 g/d g/d g/d CONTENTS HRU2-High population density HRU7-rocks district TN TN /1/2012 7/1/2012 7/31/2012 8/30/2012 9/29/ meter 145meter (a) 175m TP 145m (c) TP Results /1/2012 7/1/2012 7/31/2012 8/30/2012 9/29/ meter 145meter (b) 0 6/1/2012 7/1/2012 7/31/2012 8/30/2012 9/29/ m 145m (d)
30 Total nitrogen under 145-meter and 175-meter scenarios (a) (b) Results
31 Total phosphorus under 145-meter and 175-meter scenarios (a) (b) Results
32 Summary 1. The overall pollutant loads in Pengxi River basin did not change significantly by comparing 145-meter and 175-meter scenarios, however hru level had been negatively affected by such pollutant inputs locally. 2. Using SWAT to calculate the pollutant loadings in the WLF zone at Pengxi River basin, we provide a reference method of SWAT application in the context of supporting the management and decision-making for the government. 3. Ecological restoration in 30-meter WLF zone is recommended. Results
33 Thank you for your attention! Questions & Comments? Results
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