ADDRESSING THE ENERGY-WATER NEXUS THROUGH R&D PLANNING AND POLICIES

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1 IEA Committee on Energy Research and Technology EXPERTS GROUP ON R&D PRIORITY-SETTING AND EVALUATION ADDRESSING THE ENERGY-WATER NEXUS THROUGH R&D PLANNING AND POLICIES An event organised under the auspices of the Experts Group on R&D Priority Setting and Evaluation (EGRD) May 2018 Hosted by the European Commission Brussels, Belgium Experts Group on R&D Priority Setting and Evaluation

2 International Energy Agency (IEA) The IEA is an autonomous agency established in November Its mandate is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries on sound energy policy. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 29 advanced economies 1. The Agency aims to: Secure member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations, and other stakeholders. Since the 1980s, the IEA has continued to build good working relationships with countries beyond its membership, in particular major energy consuming, producing and transit countries. Countries with which the IEA seeks enhanced engagement including Accession countries Chile and Mexico, Association countries China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, and Singapore. Co-operation with these and other partner countries cover a wide range of activities, from joint workshops to in-depth surveys of specific energy sectors or data exchange. Combined, the IEA co-operates with more than 69 countries worldwide. IEA Energy Technology Network The IEA Energy Technology Network is an ever-expanding, co-operative group of more than 6,000 experts that support and encourage global technology collaboration. At the head of this vast network is the Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT). Committee on Energy Research and Technology Comprised of senior experts from IEA member governments, the Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT) considers effective energy technology and policies to improve energy security, encourage environmental protection and maintain economic growth. Under the guidance of the IEA Governing Board, the CERT oversees the technology forecasting, analyses and the research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D) strategies of the IEA Secretariat, notably through its flagship publication, Energy Technology Perspectives, and the series of energy technology roadmaps. The CERT also provides guidance to its working parties and experts' groups to examine topics that address current energy technology, or technology policy, issues. The CERT is supported in its work through four topical working parties, including the EGRD. Experts Group on R&D Priority-Setting and Evaluation (EGRD) The EGRD examines analytical approaches to energy technologies, policies, and R&D on targeted, timely topics. The results and recommendations support the Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT), feed into IEA analysis, and enable a broad perspective of energy technology issues. Recent topics analysed include Blue Sky Research for Energy Technology (2017), Life in the Fast Lane: evolving paradigms for mobility and transportation systems of the future (2016), Space Cooling (2016), Island Energy - Status and Perspectives (2015). 1 Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States; The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

3 Addressing the Energy-Water Nexus through R&D Planning and Policies May 2018 Hosted by the European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Introduction Water is of paramount importance for the energy sector. Energy access, energy security or the environmental impact of energy use may be affected by water availability. Fossil fuels require water for extraction, transport and processing. Thermal power plants (nuclear, fossil-fuels, bio-based fuels and concentrating solar) require water for cooling, and hydropower plants require robust river currents. Feedstock production for biofuels may depend on water for irrigation. Energy is equally important to the availability of clean drinking water and sanitation services: to pump ground and surface water, to treat and transport water to the end-users, and to clean wastewater for recycling. The achievement of many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 will depend on a sustainable and reliable supply of water and energy and synergies. Currently the present water and energy systems are interdependent yet they operate in relative isolation. Energy production and distribution is often a national issue, while water is within the remit of regions and municipalities. Therefore, examining the interplay the nexus between energy and water provides a holistic and systemic view on these complex and critical issues. 3 Both technology-specific and systemic approaches to the energy-water nexus are needed. Advances in research and analysis have resulted in innovative technologies and integrated approaches to efficient use of energy, water, or both. Scope This EGRD workshop aims to gain further understandings of the issues of the energy-water nexus and to highlight best practice and opportunities, including integrated systems, governance, regulations, and markets (national, inter-regional or inter-national). Participants will explore opportunities for addressing the energy-water nexus in order to inform more effective R&D planning and policies. Target audience In addition to EGRD members and national experts, we are seeking input from social scientists, RD&D decision-makers, strategic planners and programme managers from industry, academia, think tanks, national laboratories, NGOs and government. Participation is by invitation only. Outcomes The workshop will result in a summary report that identifies challenges and opportunities of the water and energy nexus and present perspectives and best practice. 2 Most notably SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 9 Industry Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production and SDG 14 Life Below Water. SDG 6 will be the focus of analysis in the IEA World Energy Outlook "A set of interactions, comprising important drivers for the use of resources. Natural resources serve as direct input in the production processes of another resource or they can substitute the use of another resource. Indirect effects related to the specific use of resources also have to be taken into account because claims for a particular use of one resource can compete with other demands". See Bleischweitz, B. and Miedzinski, M., The Resource Nexus and the Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story, in Lehmann, H. (ed.) Factor X: Challenges, Implementation Strategies and Examples for a Sustainable Use of Natural Resources. Springer Verlag (2018).

4 Questions to frame the discussions What are the vulnerabilities, stress points and synergies between energy and water? What are the trade-offs, and how are they managed? How can we help developing countries leapfrog in terms of technologies? Are there innovations which improve the efficiencies of energy, water and the energy-water nexus? What is needed to improve R&D planning and policies to address the energy-water nexus? How does the energy-water nexus affect governance, markets and regulations, and achieving the SDGs?

5 AGENDA DAY 1 Monday, 28 May 2018 Session 1: Introduction Chair: Birte Holst Jorgensen 08:30 Registration Welcome European Commission 9:15 2 Introduction Birte Holst Jorgensen, EGRD Chair Session 2: Setting the scene Moderator: Atsushi Kurosawa 9:30 3 The importance of the energy-water Molly Walton, IEA nexus for achieving the SDGs 10:00 4 Global water scarcity assessments: shared socio-economic pathways 10:30 5 Managing energy and water through modelling 11:00 Coffee break 11:30 Discussion 12:30 Lunch Dr. N. Hanasaki, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan Ignacio Hidalgo Gonzales, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, EU Commission Session 3: Water for energy Moderator: Carrie Pottinger 13:30 6 Water and RES integration in Europe Managing the impact of drought Dr. Marcello Petitta, ENEA (Italy) through seasonal forecasts of hydroelectric production 14:30 8 Positive bioenergy and water relationships Technology Collaboration Programme on Bioenergy (Bioenergy TCP) 15:00 Coffee break 15:30 9 Potential impacts of CCS on groundwater resources 16:00 10 Advanced Research on Dry Cooling (ARID) 16:30 11 Water footprint assessment of the Italian electricity mix 17:00 Discussion 18:00 Close day 1 Technology Collaboration Programme on Greenhouse Gas (GHG TCP) Elisabetta Garofalo/F. Gargiulo, Ricerca Sistema Energetico (RSE) (Italy)

6 DAY 2 Tuesday, 29 May 2018 Session 4 : Energy for water Moderator: Johannes Tambornino 9:00 12 Energy efficiency and hygiene in Karin Rühling, Professor, TU Dresden drinking water installations - focus: apartment buildings 9:30 13 Efficient waste water plants the case of Nereda 10:00 14 Energy efficient desalination 10:30 Coffee break 11:00 15 Linking of water and energy models and objectives in an urban context Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Professor, DTU Environment 11:30 Discussion 12:00 Lunch Session 5: Integrated approaches to energy and water Moderator: Herbert Greisberger 13:00 16 Managing complex socio-technical infrastructure and systems 13:30 17 Optimising and planning for island water and energy systems 14:00 18 Waste water treatment through twostage gasification 14:30 Coffee Break 15:00 19 Solar thermal energy and waste water management in industrial processes 15:30 Discussion Federico Giudici/E. Garofalo, RSE, Italy Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Senior Researcher, DTU Chemical Engineering, Denmark Christoph Brunner, AEE Intec, Austria Session 6: Governance, markets and regulations and the SDGs Moderator: Rob Kool 16:30 20 Smart cities - integrated systems (Austria) 17:00 21 Energy-water-ecosystems nexus: Reducing transboundary frictions Dr. Annukka Lipponen, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Session 7: Summary and workshop close Moderators: Birte Holst Jørgensen and Estathios Peteves 17:30 Final discussion 18:30 WRAP UP

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