Influence of Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) on Energy Standards and Energy Efficiency

Transcription

1 Influence of Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) on Energy Standards and Energy Efficiency Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Becker Biberach University of Applied Sciences Institute for Building and Energy Systems 1 / VDI Society Civil Engineering and Building Services

2 Content Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) in the context of sustainable and energy efficient buildings DIN EN Energy performance of buildings Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management VDI Room Automation and Room Control Functions - Part 1, 2, 3 Research results of energy efficiency through room automation Slide 2

3 Sustainable design and operation of buildings Intensified Building Directives and Standards Improved energy and building management -> Design, Development and Construction -> New buildings or iteratively during refurbishments -> Systematic Commissioning and Operation, Inspection, Maintenance, Energy Monitoring und Controlling, Optimized Operation, Slide 3

4 Sustainable design and operation of buildings Demand of the proper design and interaction of building envelope (building physics, façade systems, ) building systems (heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, ) optimized operation of buildings considering the user comfort, user interface and energy efficiency by advanced building automation and management systems Slide 4

5 Control cycle for an active energy monitoring and management Optimizing costs efficiency availability emissions Data Management data logging data storage Control cycle for a sustainable and energy efficient operation of buildings Diagnostics visualization energy indicators benchmarking reference values modeling / characteristic diagram energy-cockpit, dashboards MONITORING heating/cooling ventilation electric installation water/sewage room utilization occupancy profiles [Source: Prof. Dr. Martin Becker, Biberach University of Applied Sciences] Slide 6

6 European approach Holistic efficiency of Buildings Umbrella document General nomenclature between different CEN norms and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Lighting Heating Cooling Ventilat. Automation Building Interaction with the environment e.g. with windows and façades Slide 7

7 DIN EN Energy performance of buildings Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management Four different BACS efficiency classes (A, B, C, D) residential and non residential Class D: non-energy efficient BACS Class C: standard BACS Class B: advanced BACS and some specific TBM functions. Class A: high-energy performance BACS and TBM. [TBM: Technical building management] Segmentation in seven groups: Heating Control Domestic Hot Water Supply Control Cooling Control Ventilation and Air Conditioning Control Lighting Control Blind Control Technical Home and Building Management Slide 8

8 Content Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) in the context of sustainable and energy efficient buildings DIN EN Energy performance of buildings Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management VDI Room Automation and Room Control Functions - Part 1, 2, 3 Research results of energy efficiency through room automation Slide 11

9 Multiple room functions in the context of room automation Heating Cooling Daylighting Air quality Comfort Ventilation Illumination Shadíng / Blinds Handling/ Observing Energy efficiency Measuring consumptions Security Safety Protect access Visualization [Source: Prof. M. Becker, HBC] Slide 12

10 VDI 3813 Room automation and room control Draft! Slide 13

11 Slide 14

12 Examples temperature measurement, presence detection,. light actuator, sunshade actuator, actuating drive, temperature set point, fan level,. (day)lighting, temperature control, air qualtiy control, fan control,. Slide 15

13 VDI 3813 Examples of room control functions Sensor function Application function Slide 16

14 VDI 3813 Schematic of relations between room control functions Slide 17

15 VDI 3813 relating to DIN EN Slide 18

16 VDI 3813 seminar&workshop seminar & workshop Planning of room automation for energy efficient buildings 15./16. July 2014, Frankfurt 04./05. Dec. 2014, München Slide 19

17 Content Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) in the context of sustainable and energy efficient buildings DIN EN Energy performance of buildings Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management VDI Room Automation and Room Control Functions - Part 1, 2, 3 Research results of energy efficiency through room automation Slide 20

18 Reserach area: Energy efficiency through building automation Energy management & operation analysis System engineering & planning tools Raum G 1.03 Grad B Raum G 0.03 Grad A Raum G 0.02 Grad C BACS (Building Automation and Control) efficiency classes [Source: Becker, Knoll, IGE, HBC] Institute for Building and Energy Systems, Biberach University for Applied Sciences Slide 22

19 Research for energy efficiency through building automation Literature Review Simulation Studies Measurements [Source: Becker, Knoll, IGE, HBC] Slide 23

20 Test environment Technikum G University of Biberach Environmental ground absorber under the floor slab 2 duplex geothermal ground probes (each 99 m deep) Earth-to-Air heat exchanger Thermal activated ceilings (heating/cooling) of three classrooms Heat pump and Air handling unit Experimental façade Photovoltaic & solar air collectors Daylight laboratory with measuring dome Laboratories for building simulation, building automation and smart grid, renewable systems Communication systems (EIB, LON, BACnet, Ethernet TCP/IP) in labs, classrooms and building Institute for Building and Energy Systems, Biberach University for Applied Sciences Slide 24

21 Room automation by experiment and by simulation room automation WC WC WC WC Zone valve Spot lights Blinds Lightings Presentation board RH r.rf υ T PIR OCC lx lx LUX RC Room controller CO2 VOC CO2 VOC test Lightings room Supply air damper room MATLAB Function Belegung simulation Qkon_IN Qstr_IN Pers_Flag PHI_Ista Pers-Monitor CO2_Ista -C- innere_last Umgebungstemperatur T_U Q_W Innenwaende T_Ist T_U2 Qkon_W -C- T_UBO Umgebungstemperatur T_UFlur T_UDE Qkon_DE Boden T_TBADe OT Raummodell -C- Umgebungstemperatur T_Ist Decke Qstr_TBA TBA-Monitor 2 Qkon_HZ Qkon_IN Qstr_IN Q_HZ PHI_ZU CO2_Zu Q_W Qkon_W Q_INF T_U Q_sol LTINF T_Ist PHI_Ist 2 T _Ist Mux Mux MATLAB Function rel_phi rf-monitor 1 Phi_Ist 293 Basi s_t Step -C- Umgebungstemperatur Innenwand Flur Sim_Zeit T_TBADe Qkon_DE TBA_Decke LW-Monitor Q_LM LTM Q_LF 7 To 4 T_AL T_Ist Q_INF T_Ua LTINF V_ML Q_ML LA_FLAGb LTML V_Fe Q_FL Vv oll_fe LTFL LTF PHI_AL Qstr_HZ CO2_Ist 3 CO2_Ist Aussentemp. 4 V_Fe Luftaustausch Qstr_TBA Raumluft 5 Vvoll_Fe 6 Q_Str Q_sol Einstrahlung 3 Qstr_HZ V_ML -C- 1 Sim_Zeit PHI 0 Solarkonstante MATLAB Function Var_Str T&Str-Monitor Var_PHI solare_str SimTBA_Q To Workspace7 T_Ist Op_RT OT Operative Raumtemp. 5 Op_RT Slide 25

22 Room automation in classroom G0.03, Technikum G WC WC WC WC Zone valve Room controller: Free programmable automation station Software based on IEC Open communication over Ethernet Integration in building automation Spot lights Presentation board Blinds r.rf υ PIR lx lx RC CO2 VOC Lightings CO2 VOC Lightings Supply air damper Sensors: temperature Actuators: blinds RH T OCC LUX Room controller humidity air quality illuminance energy counter window contacts occupancy sensor lighting windows heating ventilation Slide 26

23 Measurements in a test building ( Technikum G ), Biberach University of Applied Sciences 3 test rooms with different automation classes The automation classes A, B, C are defined according to the standard EN Room G 1.03 Class B Room G 0.03 Class A Room G 0.02 Class C Figure: Technikum G with the test rooms Slide 28

24 Detailed analysis of the measurements Room functions based on the standard EN G002 BACS Efficiency Class C G003 BACS Efficiency Class A G103 BACS Efficiency Class B Lighting manually On/Off, without dimming Temperature control with a thermostatic valve Lighting manually On/Off, without manually dimming automatically off (presence, daylight), Constant light control Individual room control with three different set values 14 C night setback/ window opening monitoring 19 C stand-by 21 C normal mode Lighting manually On/Off, without manually dimming automatically off (presence, daylight), Three different set values 10 C night setback/ window opening monitoring 16 C stand-by 21 C normal mode Abbildung: Anforderungen Messkampagne, Hochschule Biberach Reference Slide 29

25 Detailed analysis of the measurements Comparison between energy savings (electric energy) in the measurement period 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 class A class B class C (reference) Through an optimizing of the constant light control in the room G0.03 the energy saving was clearly improved from the first to the second measurement period. Slide 30

26 Detailed analysis of the measurements Comparison between energy savings (heating energy) in the measurement period 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 class A class B March 2011 March 2010 class C (reference) Slide 31

27 Quintessence of research results The measurements in the rooms of the Biberach University of Applied Sciences indicate a significant energy saving potential with room control functions and building automation. (lighting and heating) The position and construction of the installed sensors and actuators have a significant influence on the closed loop control and thus on the results of the measurements The individual behavior of the occupants has a significant influence of the results A building automation and control system is the tool to realize a continuous energy monitoring. Thus, a continious optimized building operation is possible. Slide 34

28 New role for Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) Building Automation and Control as a tool for an optimized building operation and optimized energy management for buildings and their facilities Slide 35