TCBiomass 2015 November 4, 2015

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1 BIOENERGY TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE TCBiomass 2015 November 4, 2015 Jonathan L Male 1 Bioenergy Technologies Office

2 Outline I. Overview II. III. IV. Conversion Bioproducts to Enable Biofuels FY15 Achievements V. Proposed FY16 Activities 2 Bioenergy Technologies Office

THE OPPORTUNITY More than 1 Billion tons of biomass could be sustainably produced in the U.S.

3 The Challenge and the Opportunity 3 Bioenergy Technologies Office THE CHALLENGE At least ½ a billion dollars are spent each day on U.S. crude oil imports Transportation accounts for about 2/3 rds of petroleum consumption and 27% of GHG emissions in the U.S. THE OPPORTUNITY More than 1 Billion tons of biomass could be sustainably produced in the U.S. Biomass could displace 26% of U.S. petroleum use by 2030 and reduce annual CO 2 e by about 500 million tons, or 10% of U.S. energy emissions America s biomass resources can help mitigate petroleum dependence

Inter-Agency Collaboration Other Federal Agencies USDA focuses on feedstock production and rural development, co-chairs the BRDI Board with

0 initiative to produce renewable jet fuel.

The DOT invests in national infrastructure and works with BETO on challenges related to bioenergy transportation and logistics.

NSF supports innovative chemical, environmental and bioengineering analysis which informs BETO research.

characterization and new work on the co-optimization of fuels and engines.

National Laboratories Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) BETO s mission

imports under the Climate Action Plan. BETO collaborates with the Office of Fossil Energy to utilize biomass for carbon capture.

4 Inter-Agency Collaboration Other Federal Agencies USDA focuses on feedstock production and rural development, co-chairs the BRDI Board with DOE, and partners with BETO on interagency efforts to support the bioeconomy. BETO provides technical expertise on the Farm-to-Fly 2.0 initiative to produce renewable jet fuel. The EPA administers the Renewable Fuel Standard and works with BETO on life cycle analysis for different fuel pathways. The DOT invests in national infrastructure and works with BETO on challenges related to bioenergy transportation and logistics. Under the Defense Production Act, the DOD partners with USDA and DOE to produce drop-in fuels for the military. NSF supports innovative chemical, environmental and bioengineering analysis which informs BETO research. Key Partnerships of the Bioenergy Technologies Office Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) VTO partners with BETO on fuel and infrastructure characterization and new work on the co-optimization of fuels and engines. Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) AMO works with BETO to research and develop renewable, low-cost carbon fiber for lightweight vehicles. National Laboratories Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) BETO s mission is to accelerate the commercialization of advanced biofuels and bioproducts through targeted RD&D supported by public and private partnerships. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy BETO contributes to White House goals for the reduction of GHG emissions and oil imports under the Climate Action Plan. BETO collaborates with the Office of Fossil Energy to utilize biomass for carbon capture. The Office of Science focuses on early stage basic science with eventual commercial applications for bioenergy. ARPA-E invests in innovative technologies including electro-fuels and the PETRO program for direct biofuel production. The Loan Programs Office provides loan guarantees for commercial biorefinery projects. BETO contributes data to the EIA to support their accurate energy forecasting for consumption and production. BETO partners with other DOE Offices, other Federal agencies, and the National Labs to achieve U.S. goals on bioenergy 4 Bioenergy Technologies Office

5 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 5 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Bioenergy Technologies Office Mission Strategy

of advanced biofuels and bioproducts through RD&D

partnerships Develop technologies to enable the

$3/GGE* hydrocarbon biofuel with 50% reduction in

reduces risks and costs to commercialization

6 Bioenergy Technologies Office Mission Strategy Performance Goal Accelerate the commercialization of advanced biofuels and bioproducts through RD&D of new technologies supported by public-private partnerships Develop technologies to enable the sustainable, nationwide production of biofuels compatible with today s transportation infrastructure Validate a least one pathway for $3/GGE* hydrocarbon biofuel with 50% reduction in GHG emissions relative to petroleum by 2017 BETO reduces risks and costs to commercialization through RD&D 6 Bioenergy Technologies Office *Mature modeled price at pilot scale.

BETO s Core Focus Areas Program Portfolio Management Planning Systems-Level Analysis

Review Competitive Non-competitive Lab Capabilities Matrix Research, Development,

Product Logistics Preprocessing Sustainability Sustainability Analysis Sustainable System

Deconstruction Biointermediate Upgrading Cross Cutting Strategic Analysis Technology and

Demonstration & Market Transformation Integrated Biorefineries Biofuels Distribution

7 BETO s Core Focus Areas Program Portfolio Management Planning Systems-Level Analysis Performance Validation and Assessment MYPP Peer Review Merit Review Quarterly Portfolio Review Competitive Non-competitive Lab Capabilities Matrix Research, Development, Demonstration, & Market Transformation Feedstock Supply & Logistics R&D Terrestrial Algae Product Logistics Preprocessing Sustainability Sustainability Analysis Sustainable System Design 7 Bioenergy Technologies Office Conversion R&D Biochemical Thermochemical Deconstruction Biointermediate Upgrading Cross Cutting Strategic Analysis Technology and Resource Assessment Market and Impact Analysis Model Development & Data compilation Demonstration & Market Transformation Integrated Biorefineries Biofuels Distribution Infrastructure Strategic Communications New Communications Vehicles & Outlets Awareness and Support of Office Benefits of Bioenergy/Bioproducts

OPENNESS: Have we made sure to focus on the broad problem we are trying to solve and be open to new ideas, new approaches, and new performers? ENDURING U.S. ECONOMIC BENEFIT: How will this EERE funding result in enduring economic benefit to the United States?

8 Assistant Secretary Dr. David Danielson s Five Questions HIGH IMPACT: Is this a high impact problem? ADDITIONALITY: Will the EERE funding make a large difference relative to what the private sector (or other funding entities) is already doing? OPENNESS: Have we made sure to focus on the broad problem we are trying to solve and be open to new ideas, new approaches, and new performers? ENDURING U.S. ECONOMIC BENEFIT: How will this EERE funding result in enduring economic benefit to the United States? PROPER ROLE FOR GOVERNMENT: Why is what we are doing a proper high impact role of government versus something best left to the private sector to address on its own? INNOVATION 8 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Key Challenges for Biofuels Technical, construction, operational, financial and market risk reduction Demonstration through greater process integration and scale BIOMASS

Conversion Product Reliable supply Consistent quality Affordable delivery Biomass feeding, sizing and moisture Solids handling Construction materials Products Yields Construction

9 Key Challenges for Biofuels Technical, construction, operational, financial and market risk reduction Demonstration through greater process integration and scale BIOMASS Pretreatment Sugars & Intermediates Thermochemical Conversion Biochemical Conversion Product Recovery Biofuels Bioproducts Biopower to Grid Key Challenges Biomass Pretreatment Conversion Product Reliable supply Consistent quality Affordable delivery Biomass feeding, sizing and moisture Solids handling Construction materials Products Yields Construction materials Catalysts Fermentation organisms Separations Catalytic upgrading Recycle loops DOE works to address risks and reduce costs across the supply chain 9 Bioenergy Technologies Office

for construction DOE Support DOE Involvement since 2003 Pilot plant built in Vonore,

10 DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol Refinery Opening: Nevada, Iowa October 30, 2015 Production Capacity: 30 MGY of cellulosic ethanol from corn stover Jobs: 85 permanent jobs ~1000 for construction DOE Support DOE Involvement since 2003 Pilot plant built in Vonore, TN with 250,000 GY capacity To date DOE Investment: ~$51M 10 Bioenergy Technologies Office

11 DOE-Supported Cellulosic Ethanol Biorefineries DuPont Nevada, Iowa Opened October MGY of cellulosic ethanol from corn stover POET-DSM Project Liberty Emmetsburg, Iowa Opened September MGY of cellulosic ethanol from corn stover INEOS Vero Beach, Florida Opened July MGY of cellulosic ethanol from vegetative waste Abengoa Hugoton, Kansas Opened October MGY of cellulosic Ethanol from corn stover INEOS wins DOE-SBIR Grant 11 Bioenergy Technologies Office Abengoa builds DOEsupported pilot plant in York, Nebraska Abengoa and POET win awards funded under EPACT INEOS wins ARRA Grant INEOS Opens 2014 POET and Abengoa Open DuPont Opens After decades of DOE support, 4 commercial biorefineries have begun production 2015

Defense Production Act (DPA) Initiative In September 2014,

commercial biorefineries to produce: Drop-in fuels for

feedstocks Cost-competitive biofuels Company Location

Coast McCarran, NV Lakeview, OR Fats and Greases 82.

0 MM g/yr Winter of 2015 Woody Biomass 12.

12 Defense Production Act (DPA) Initiative In September 2014, 3 projects were selected under the DPA Initiative to build commercial biorefineries to produce: Drop-in fuels for military applications Domestic fuels from non-food biomass feedstocks Cost-competitive biofuels Company Location Feedstock Capacity Groundbreaking Off-Take Agreements Gulf Coast McCarran, NV Lakeview, OR Fats and Greases 82.0 MM g/yr TBA TBD MSW 10.0 MM g/yr Winter of 2015 Woody Biomass 12.0 MM g/yr TBA Interagency initiative to produce more than 100 million g/yr of advanced biofuels 12 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Overview of Conversion Research & Development Feedstocks Agricultural Residues Energy Crops Forest Resources Organic

Mixtures Synthesis and Upgrading Products Fuels Chemicals Power Analysis & Sustainability, Integration and

feedstocks via biological and chemical routes into energy-dense, fungible, finished liquid transportation fuels such as

13 Overview of Conversion Research & Development Feedstocks Agricultural Residues Energy Crops Forest Resources Organic Waste Algae Deconstruction and Fractionation Intermediates Sugars Intermediate Chemical Building Blocks Bio-Oils Gaseous Mixtures Synthesis and Upgrading Products Fuels Chemicals Power Analysis & Sustainability, Integration and Intensification, Enabling Technologies Strategic Goal: Develop commercially viable technologies for converting biomass feedstocks via biological and chemical routes into energy-dense, fungible, finished liquid transportation fuels such as renewable gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as bioproducts or chemical intermediates and biopower. 13 Bioenergy Technologies Office

14 Conversion Goals and Challenges To support Office cost targets, the Conversion Technology area specifically aims to validate an nth plant modeled minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $3/GGE ($2014) via a conversion pathway to hydrocarbon biofuel with GHG emissions reduction of 50% or more compared to petroleum-derived fuel by Two additional pathways should be validated by Challenges to meeting these goals are broken into five categories to better focus research efforts. Deconstruction and Fractionation Separations, Cleanup, and Conditioning, Synthesis and Upgrading, Integration and Intensification, and Crosscutting Challenges. 14 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Research & Development Approach Pathways Deconstruction and

Upgrading Pretreatment Feedstock Supply and Logistics (including

Liquefaction Biological Processing Catalytic Processing and

Petroleum Refineries Fuel and Product Distribution Infrastructure

15 Research & Development Approach Pathways Deconstruction and Fractionation Synthesis and Upgrading Hydrolysis Intermediate Upgrading Pretreatment Feedstock Supply and Logistics (including algae) Preprocessing Pyrolysis Gasification Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biological Processing Catalytic Processing and Stabilization Fuel/Product Finishing Intermediate Processing at Petroleum Refineries Fuel and Product Distribution Infrastructure and End Use Separations, Integration, and Enabling Technologies 15 Bioenergy Technologies Office

16 Design Cases and Benchmarking Category Wet Feedstock Conversion Low Temperature Conversion Direct Liquefaction Indirect Liquefaction Pathway Whole Algae Hydrothermal Liquefaction (AHTL) Algal Lipid Extraction Upgrading to Hydrocarbons (ALU) Biological Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Catalytic Upgrading of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Fast Pyrolysis and Upgrading Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis In Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis Syngas Upgrading to Hydrocarbons Design cases help diversify R&D in recognition that ultimately industry will decide which pathways are the most viable Enable progress in one technology to have effects across multiple different pathways A new preprocessing technology might enable cost reductions in all pathways A new hydrolysis technology would enable multiple low-temperature deconstruction pathways Recognize that different pathways involve technologies at various levels of development (components with different TRLs) 16 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Design Case Example: Fast Pyrolysis Pathway Data from 2013 update of 2009 report to reflect advances in technology Shows that a total potential cost reduction of 75% can be achieved between 2009 and

17 Design Case Example: Fast Pyrolysis Pathway Data from 2013 update of 2009 report to reflect advances in technology Shows that a total potential cost reduction of 75% can be achieved between 2009 and 2017 with improvements in all four R&D areas shown in the legend SOT 2014 SOT 2015 Projection 2017 Target Minimum Fuel Selling Price ($/GGE, 2011$) $5.77 $5.26 $4.75 $3.39 Feedstock Contribution ($/GGE, 2011$) $1.17 $1.17 $1.06 $0.92 Conversion Contribution ($/GGE, 2011$) $4.60 $4.09 $3.69 $2.47 Fossil Energy Consumption (MJ fossil energy/mj fuel) *2015 SOT data due later this year 17 Bioenergy Technologies Office

18 Using multiple design cases to inform R&D Fast Pyrolysis In situ Three related pyrolysis cases all show room for improvement in upgrading costs Ex situ 18 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Computational Pyrolysis Consortium Through computational

technical targets faster and more efficiently Providing

Simulations Particle physics and chemistry Reactor modeling

19 Computational Pyrolysis Consortium Through computational modeling, enable BETO experimental groups to attain 2017/2022 technical targets faster and more efficiently Providing actionable information to experimental groups Process Simulations Particle physics and chemistry Reactor modeling Catalyst design reactors Yields, operating Conditions, scale up 19 Bioenergy Technologies Office

20 Incubator Awardees Goal: Support innovative technologies and solutions to help advance bioenergy development. The projects will support BETO s work to develop renewable and cost-competitive biofuels from non-food biomass feedstocks by reducing the risk associated with potentially breakthrough approaches and technologies Selections include the following Metabolix: non-genetically modified, non-food feedstock development PNNL: produce microalgae directly from CO 2 Ohio State University: cellulosic butanol production UC Riverside: co-solvent pretreatment OPX Biotechnologies: C8 fatty acid derivatives production Kiveri Inc.: produce hydrocarbons in previously unengineered bacteria GTI: conversion of biomass plus methane into very high yields of hydrocarbon liquid fuels and chemicals. Federal Funds: $10,000, Bioenergy Technologies Office A second Incubator FOA was announced in August 2015

21 Bioproducts: From Niche to Necessity Bioproducts can replace petroleumbased chemicals and products Hydroxypropionic acid Ethylene glycol Provide much higher value-added margins, relative to transportation fuels 1,3 Propanediol Chemicals/products represent 16% of petroleum consumption and $812B in market value Fuels represent 76% of petroleum consumption, and $935B in market value Hexamethylenediamine 1,4-Butanediol Succinic acid Butadiene Bioproducts can enhance the economics of biofuel production 21 Bioenergy Technologies Office

22 Recent Events Bioproducts to Enable Biofuels Workshop Public workshop held 7/16 in Westminster, CO 94 stakeholder attendees were asked to provide feedback on BETO s bioproducts strategy related to how bioproducts can enable the production of biofuels. Major Takeaways Considerable discussion on the economic merits of bioproducts and how they help diversify the risks that new IBRs face when coming online Additional stakeholder input was gathered on platform chemicals and R&D strategies that show strong potential for both standalone and coproduction of bioproducts Next Steps Workshop report to be made public in late 2015 or early 2016 Other 10% University 17% Research Institute 4% Workshop Participants Industry 30% National Lab 36% Government Agency 3% Criteria participants felt were most important when selecting target bioproducts: The product is produced via a conversion technology that is broadly applicable to multiple products and/or fuels The product could serve as a building block/platform chemical for a biorefinery The product is a direct substitute for an existing petrochemical 22 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Performance replacements for petroleum derived chemicals.

23 Bioproducts to Enable Biofuels DOE s Focus for Bioproducts for R&D AMO Application Innovative approaches for bioproducts: Molecular replacements for petroleum derived chemicals. Performance replacements for petroleum derived chemicals. Infancy stage play to the strength of the oxygenated polymers in biomass. Lignin and waste streams to value added products (X2 the cost of biofuels on a mass basis). 23 Bioenergy Technologies Office

24 Program Achievements in FY15 Feedstocks Supply and Logistics Idaho National Laboratory (INL) successfully completed two State Of Technology (SOT) reports on herbaceous and woody energy crops. The SOT reports highlight progress towards meeting the 2017 goal of validating a supply and logistics system that is capable of delivering feedstocks to the conversion reactor throat at $80/dry ton. Advanced Algal Systems Establishment of CalPoly s Delhi Field Site (9,000 L system with continuous automated process controls and harvest equipment at Delhi, CA WWT facility for the ABY project). Conversion Technologies: Reduce the modeled conversion cost contribution from $4.09/gge to $3.70/gge via fast pyrolysis for converting biomass to a hydrocarbon fuel blendstock in a mature commercial-scale plant. Reduce modeled mature biochemical conversion cost from $9/GGE to $6.40/GGE of combined hydrocarbon fuel on a pathway to a $3.17/gge conversion cost demonstrated in 2017 at the bench and pilot scale by improving co-product organisms, primary fermentation organisms for fatty acid production and reducing operating costs. Demonstration and Market Transformation The Abengoa Bioenergy Biomass of Kansas (ABBK) biorefinery celebrated its grand opening. The facility is the third commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol biorefinery in the U.S. and has a capacity of 25 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol per year. The plant will produce cellulosic ethanol from non-edible corn stalks, stems, and leaves harvested within a 50-mile radius of the plant. Analysis and Sustainability ANL released WATER 3.0 to enable in-depth analysis of water consumption for multiple biofuels pathways. NREL assessed applicable federal air quality regulations and estimates of seven criteria air pollutant emissions for the fast pyrolysis pathway. 24 Bioenergy Technologies Office

25 FY16 New Planned Activities Incubator New incubator-focused activities will advance the production of advanced biofuels, substitutes for petroleum-based feedstocks and bioproducts made from renewable, non-food-based biomass, such as algae, agricultural residues, and woody biomass. Demonstration New demonstration activities will provide a multi-topic opportunity to support demonstration scale integrated biorefineries, inclusive of technologies which utilize biosolids. Algae New algae activities will pursue new research in advanced biology and carbon dioxide utilization to address yield, productivity, and integration of downstream logistics at the pre-pilot scale. Bioproducts New bioproducts-focused activities will provide an opportunity for consortia of industry, universities and national labs to address R&D issues that impede the development of bio-products. 25 Bioenergy Technologies Office

New Initiatives Applied Research & Development Applied Synthetic Biology Foundry: New effort in 2016 to develop and apply synthetic biology tools to biological chassis organism engineering and

FY2016 goals are to develop a roadmap for how DOE can work with industry to use National Lab capabilities to address process integration and scaling challenges.

26 New Initiatives Applied Research & Development Applied Synthetic Biology Foundry: New effort in 2016 to develop and apply synthetic biology tools to biological chassis organism engineering and scaleup to demonstrate the potential to accelerate the time to market for new biologically derived molecules. FY2016 goals are to develop a roadmap for how DOE can work with industry to use National Lab capabilities to address process integration and scaling challenges. Additional New Consortia and Working Groups: Additional efforts are being coordinated between project performers to tackle common biomass conversion challenges including catalysis R&D and separations. The goal of these efforts is to promote increased collaboration with the end intent of faster progress towards office goals. *images courtesy National Renewable Energy Laboratory 26 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Bioenergy Technologies Office Impacts Publications Cumulative Number of Lab Publications More than 29X 728 Public

Production By Volume 1,844,000 Gallon Increase* 1,844,000 Gallons of Cellulosic Biofuel 25 Publications 19 Patents

5 Million Potential jobs by 2030 By 2009 By 2015 By 2009 By 2015 2014 BETO-Supported Commercial Products 4

27 Bioenergy Technologies Office Impacts Publications Cumulative Number of Lab Publications More than 29X 728 Public ations Innovation Cumulative Number of Lab Patents More than 71 Paten ts Commercialization Cellulosic Biofuel Production By Volume 1,844,000 Gallon Increase* 1,844,000 Gallons of Cellulosic Biofuel 25 Publications 19 Patents 0 Gallons By 2009 By 2015 More than 295K jobs in 2014** 27 Bioenergy Technologies Office Jobs from Biofuels 1.5 Million Potential jobs by 2030 By 2009 By 2015 By 2009 By BETO-Supported Commercial Products 4 operating commercial scale biorefineries *Based on EPA data PET Plant Bottle Packaging Tiger Cat Tree-Feller Commercial Succinic Acid

28 Project Partners Laboratories Universities Industry BETO works with partners in industry, universities, and the National Labs 28 Bioenergy Technologies Office

Energy Manufacturing Workshop May 11, 2015

BIOENERGY TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE Energy Manufacturing Workshop May 11, 2015 Jonathan Male Director, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 1 Bioenergy Technologies Office Outline I. Overview II. III. IV. Bioenergy