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1 Name: Date: Block: IP 670 Conservation of Energy Notes The Law of Conservation of Energy states! energy cannot be or! Energy can only be changed in form (transformed from one type to another) For a bouncing ball! When a ball is high, it has a large! As the ball falls, potential energy is transformed (changed) into o the ball s is decreasing as the ball falls (so potential energy must be decreasing) o the ball s is increasing as the ball falls (so kinetic energy must be increasing)! After the ball bounces and it is moving to a higher position, kinetic energy is changed back into o the ball s speed is as the ball gets higher (so kinetic energy must be decreasing) o the ball s is increasing as the ball gets higher (so potential energy must be increasing)! Assuming there is no loss to heat energy or sound energy, the total mechanical energy (ME) remains the! The mechanical energy does not change because as it falls, the lost potential energy is simply transformed into energy.! The energy in the system remains constant!! Standard(s): 2.1, 2.2 TA: Independence Level: % Assistance, coaching, prompting:

2 Visit the Energy Skate Park Phet at and run the skate park phet (Select Bar Graph so that the bar graphs to see the bar graphs that are shown on the right of the below picture)! What happens to the skater s PE and KE as he falls? o As he falls, his PE and his KE! What happens to the skater s PE and KE as he moves back up the ramp? o As he rises, his PE and his KE! What happens to the skater s total mechanical energy (ME) as he moves up and down on the ramp? o As he moves, his ME Back to Roller Coasters A B C D E! At which point would a roller coaster cart have the most potential energy? Explain. o The cart would have the most PE at because that is the point.! At which point would the roller coaster cart have the most kinetic energy? Explain. o The cart would have the most KE at because that is the point. At the lowest point, you have converted the most to.! At which point would the roller coaster cart be moving the fastest? Explain. o The cart would be moving the fastest at point because that is where it has the most. Speed has to do with.! Why does the first hill have to be the highest? o The first hill needs to be the highest so that you have enough energy for the rest of the ride. Because there is, the cart loses ME to energy (as well as some sound energy), which cannot be turned back into ME. Page 2 of 6

3 Pendulums! At which points in the pendulum s swing is its PE g the highest? o Points & have the most PE g! At which point in the pendulum s swing is its KE the highest? o Point has the most KE.! At which point in the pendulum s swing is it moving the fastest? How do you know it is moving the fastest there? o It is moving the fastest at point, which is where it has the most. Watch this video! What happened? Page 3 of 6

4 Discuss this Picture Image borrowed from What are two things that you notice about energy in this diagram? o o Energy Changes Form! A car engine burns gasoline, converting the energy in gasoline into energy.! Solar cells change energy into energy.! Energy changes form, but the total amount of energy in the universe stays the same. Page 4 of 6

5 More Energy Changing Form! What is the energy transformation for a light bulb? &! What is the energy transformation for a battery? & Generating Electrical Energy! Every Power plant works on the same principle---energy is used to turn a large generator. A generator is a devise that transforms energy into energy. In fossil fuel power plants, coal, oil, or natural gas is burned to boil water. As the hot water boils, the steam rushes through a turbine, which contains a set of narrowly spaced fan blades. The steam pushes on the blades and turns the turbine, which in turn rotates a shaft in the generator to produce the electrical energy. Page 5 of 6

6 Power Plants Sources of Electrical Energy in the U.S. 20% 3% 9% 14% 3% 51% Coal Oil Gas Hydro Other Renewable Nuclear! Almost 90 percent of the electrical energy generated in the U.S. is produced by nuclear and fossil fuel power plants. Other types of power plants include Hydroelectric and wind. Hydroelectric power plants transform the energy of moving water into electrical energy. Wind power plants transform the energy of moving air into electrical energy. Fill in the PE and KE for each position: Page 6 of 6

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