MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT 101 SEPTEMBER 2013

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1 MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT 101 SEPTEMBER 2013

2 Water and Sewer Administration Responsible for procedures, programs and planning as well as the management and supervision of the Department s operation. Customer Service Responsible for all aspects of bill generation and collection for the Water and Sewer Department. Engineering Responsible for the design, inspection and management of projects necessary to replace or recondition water and sewer infrastructure. Perform utility mark-outs and provide records, mapping and permits for connection to the water or sewer system. Water Treatment Manage water resources including seven reservoirs and ten wells that can safely provide up to 9.8 million gallons of water per day. Treats and distributes drinking water to the customers taps in Manchester and portions of Glastonbury, South Windsor and Vernon. Wastewater Treatment Responsible for the treatment of wastewater generated by the community in an environmentally safe & cost effective manner. Field Maintenance Responsible for the maintenance of both water distribution and wastewater and collection systems, including water and sewer mains, hydrants, and storage tanks. Laboratory The State certified laboratory is responsible for the daily testing of water and wastewater samples to insure compliance with State and Federal water quality standards. T&D Responsible for maintenance and repair of the water distribution system. Also small replacement projects. SLM Maintains and repairs the sanitary sewer lines and manholes and respond to sewer emergencies. Source of Supply Manages 4,000 acres of watershed land, aquifers, and maintains department facilities.

3 MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT VISION To be considered by our customers and colleagues as effective, progressive and a leader in the utility industry. MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the Water and Sewer Department is to provide the highest possible water quality and customer service at the lowest possible cost, while continuing our commitment to improving the infrastructure and our community s environment. GUIDING PRINCIPLE To continually improve water quality and value to our customers while protecting our natural resources through prudent financial planning, investment in our infrastructure, efficient management and technical proficiency.

4 MANCHESTER WATER DEPARTMENT

5 MANCHESTER WATER DEPARTMENT RESERVOIRS Coagulant addition Calcium Hydroxide (Lime) & Chlorine (if required) OZONATION STATIC MIXER FLOCCULATION EFFLUENT PUMPS CLEAR WELL FILTRATION SEDIMENTATION Chlorine Addition Lime ZincOrtho Fluoride Addition STORAGE GLOBE HOLLOW WATER TREATMENT FACILITY FLOW SCHEMATIC *NOT TO SCALE*

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water

(I-384), Porter, Risley, Lydall 1, Lydall 2,

gravity or is pumped to Globe Hollow which is the

supplies that pump directly into Globe Hollow

6 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Raw Water 7 Reservoirs Howard (I-384), Porter, Risley, Lydall 1, Lydall 2, Buckingham and Globe Hollow Water flows either by gravity or is pumped to Globe Hollow which is the terminal reservoir Well 1 and Well 2A are groundwater supplies that pump directly into Globe Hollow Reservoir to augment supply during the summer Depleted reservoir circa %

7 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Raw Water - continued The treatment plant produces between 3.0 and 4.5 million gallons of potable water per day (mgd); it is capable of averaging of 6.0 mgd and has a maximum output of 10 mgd We have eight (8) supply wells that are directly pumped into the distribution system All of the wells have some form of treatment capability from chemical addition to air stripping The production from the wells range from 300 to 600 gallons a minute; a typical residential well produces five (5) gallons a minute The wells range in depth of 50 feet deep to 600 feet deep The amount of groundwater used by the customers ranges from about 30% of the total water usage in the winter time to about 65% water consumed during the summer time; the remainder of the water consumed is from the surface water supply processed by the Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant

Manchester Water Department OZONATION Ozone is generated on-site

creating O 3 from O 2 As raw water passes through the contactors,

agent that kills viruses & protozoa It removes colors, odors &

8 Manchester Water Department OZONATION Ozone is generated on-site by taking liquid oxygen and applying an electric current to it creating O 3 from O 2 As raw water passes through the contactors, ozone is bubbled through it Ozone is a highly effective oxidizing agent that kills viruses & protozoa It removes colors, odors & phenolic tastes from water It also oxides iron, manganese, sulfides & organics

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Coagulation Particles in water that add

Particles need to be made larger Water and its constituents are negative in charge Process of chemical

Polyaluminum Chloride (PACL) is used Addition of Polyaluminum Chloride (PACL) high in positive charge

9 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Coagulation Particles in water that add color and turbidity (cloudiness) are too small to filter. Particles need to be made larger Water and its constituents are negative in charge Process of chemical addition electrically stabilizes the water and creates the large size particles called FLOC. Polyaluminum Chloride (PACL) is used Addition of Polyaluminum Chloride (PACL) high in positive charge is used like a magnet to form floc particles Streaming current monitor is used to optimize performance, it measures the electrical current or stability of water

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Flocculation Is the process of slowly mixing the raw water and coagulants (PACL) together to increase the

10 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Flocculation Is the process of slowly mixing the raw water and coagulants (PACL) together to increase the amount of collisions with impurities so they stick together to form larger, denser than water, floc particles. This takes about 20 and 25 minutes after chemical addition.

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Sedimentation Floc particles are laden with impurities and particulate matter Sedimentation basins provide time for the floc

11 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Sedimentation Floc particles are laden with impurities and particulate matter Sedimentation basins provide time for the floc particles to settle prior to filtration Settled floc is vacuumed and sent to the sanitary sewer using floating siphons Clarified water overflows these basins and flows to the filters CLARIFIER (typical)

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Filtration 2 Filters are each divided into 96 individual cells As part of the 2010 facility upgrade, the

12 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Filtration 2 Filters are each divided into 96 individual cells As part of the 2010 facility upgrade, the filter was changed over to Granulated Activated Carbon, a superior filtering agent Water flows from top to bottom through media that is 11 inches of granular activated carbon on top of 5.5 inches of sand As the filter gets dirty water does not pass as easily through it (headloss) As headloss increases the need to clean the filter occurs Each filter is washed once per day. It takes about 1.5 hours to wash entire filter Traveling bridge washes individual cells one at a time using previously filtered water

called pathogens Chlorine is the chemical used to provide disinfection An

plus add an additional barrier against cysts and viruses The upgrade also

(liquid chlorine), a much safer form of the chemical X X Gas Chlorinators

13 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Disinfection Disinfection is the destruction of disease causing organisms called pathogens Chlorine is the chemical used to provide disinfection An upgrade in 2010 to the facility included Ozonation to improve taste & odor plus add an additional barrier against cysts and viruses The upgrade also changed the disinfection agent from chlorine gas to Sodium Hypochlorite (liquid chlorine), a much safer form of the chemical X X Gas Chlorinators Ton Cylinders of Gaseous CL2 Sodium Hypochlorite Bulk Tank Sodium Hypochlorite Day Tank

550,000 gallons of filtered & disinfected water The water level in the Buckland Hills storage tank controls these

14 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Effluent Pumping Three pumps are used to send water into the distribution system Filtered water is stored in a clearwell underneath the filters The clearwell holds 550,000 gallons of filtered & disinfected water The water level in the Buckland Hills storage tank controls these pumps; when full, the plant will shut down When the water level reaches a pre-selected height the plant will re-start SCADA SYSTEM

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Post-Filtration Chemical Feeds

tooth decay prevention Sodium hypochlorite is used primarily for disinfection Zinc orthophosphate is

effectively eliminating the contact of water with the pipe Lime for ph adjustment (ph control aids

15 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant Post-Filtration Chemical Feeds Chemicals added to the water leaving the plant are: Hydrofluosilicic Acid (Fluoride) is used for tooth decay prevention Sodium hypochlorite is used primarily for disinfection Zinc orthophosphate is used to diminish the amount of lead and copper in the water by placing a thin film on pipe wall effectively eliminating the contact of water with the pipe Lime for ph adjustment (ph control aids the above chemicals in reacting properly and efficiently and also helps to prevent the scaling and/or corrosion of piping)

Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant PLANT UPGRADE After 27 years, the treatment plant completed its first extensive upgrade in 2011 Major Highlights: Ozonation system for

16 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant PLANT UPGRADE After 27 years, the treatment plant completed its first extensive upgrade in 2011 Major Highlights: Ozonation system for taste & odor improvement plus an extra protective barrier against pathogens Switchover from gas chlorine to sodium hypochlorite (safety issue) Building security, accessibility, energy efficiency improvements & new HVAC system Rebuilt filters and replaced media with GAC over sand All new chemical storage & feed systems New emergency generator

17 Manchester Water Department Globe Hollow Water Treatment Plant CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS

18 Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Water Distribution System Consists of approximately 278 miles of water main ranging in diameters from 3 inch to 36 inch Of which approximately 52 miles were identified to be in need of replacement or cleaning and lining in the Water Distribution System evaluation completed in September 2007 Based on this report, mains are identified for replacement or rehabilitation The Town has established a Water Quality Improvement Program (WQIP) for this purpose and may allocate funds on an annual basis With this allocation, approximately 1 mile of main can be either replaced or rehabilitated each year There are 1,991 hydrants in the system to provide fire suppression Ten storage tanks are part of the system with a combined capacity of 7 million gallons The tanks are inspected every five years and are painted inside and out every fifteen years Annual 12-week water main flushing program occurs each Spring

Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Water Distribution System - Continued The system consists of three major pressure and two minor pressure zones

of the Town with water produced from the GHWTP The high zone supplies the eastern portion of Town with water from the GHWTP and the Progress Drive groundwater well

19 Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Water Distribution System - Continued The system consists of three major pressure and two minor pressure zones The low zone is supplied by the New State Road & Love Lane groundwater wells; it serves the western portion of the Town The middle zone supplies the center portion of the Town with water produced from the GHWTP The high zone supplies the eastern portion of Town with water from the GHWTP and the Progress Drive groundwater well The upper Glastonbury and Manchester zones are off-shoots of the high zone and water pressure is boosted by pump stations Hercules Drive PS NSR Treatment Facility

20 Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Water Distribution System Photos Main Replacement Storage Tanks Hydrants Valves Pipes

Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Source Water Protection & Passive Recreation Ten active groundwater wells are located in eight well fields throughout the Town

ensure source water protection Approximately 4,000 acres of watershed property surround our 7 reservoirs There is a Passive Recreation Program and trail system that allows

21 Manchester Water Department Field Services Division Source Water Protection & Passive Recreation Ten active groundwater wells are located in eight well fields throughout the Town The Town has adopted Aquifer Protection Regulations to restrict the types of activities allowed in these areas Sanitary surveys, inspections & monitoring are routinely performed to ensure source water protection Approximately 4,000 acres of watershed property surround our 7 reservoirs There is a Passive Recreation Program and trail system that allows residents to hike through the watershed property Pets are allowed on trails but not in the reservoir or its tributaries; Dog Pond near Howard Reservoir offers aquatic opportunities for canines

22 MANCHESTER SEWER DEPARTMENT

23 MANCHESTER SEWER DEPARTMENT HOCKANUM RIVER WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY Wastewater Sewers Grinders Grit Removal Primary Clarification FLOW SCHEMATIC *NOT TO SCALE* WAS RAS Re-aeration UV Secondary Clarification Aeration Excess Biosolids Dewatering Digestion Final Effluent Hockanum River Hauling Landfill Disposal

24 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Overview Design capacity of 8.25 MGD Peaking factor of 19.2 MGD Actual flow is 6.2 MGD Wastewater strength is commonly measured in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Plant is designed to remove up to 98% of these pollutants Origin of Flows Wastewater entering plant is termed influent Hop Brook Interceptor 40% of Total Flow North Manchester Interceptor 60% of Total Flow We also accept nominal flow from neighboring towns

) The raw wastewater flows by gravity into the Primary Clarifiers North Manchester Interceptor Pretreatment Building Consists of Large

25 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Preliminary Treatment Process Hop Brook Aerated Grit Chamber and Comminutor Allows silt, sand, and heavy inorganic solids to settle out Removes debris (rags, sticks, towels, etc.) The raw wastewater flows by gravity into the Primary Clarifiers North Manchester Interceptor Pretreatment Building Consists of Large Grinder & Bar Rack, Grit removal system, and aerated grit channels The function of the units is to remove silt, grit, heavy inorganic solids and debris The raw wastewater is pumped to the Primary Clarifiers

26 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Primary Clarification This is accomplished in large vessels known as primary settling tanks or clarifiers. They contain mechanisms that concentrate and collect the accumulated sludge and skimmings Primary clarification is accomplished by providing a relatively large, quiescent area so heavier organic solids can settle to the bottom to form raw (or primary) sludge and so that floatables such as grease and scum can float to the surface for skimming. Both materials will be subject to further processing Our facility has two primary clarifiers with a combined volume of 1,300,000 gallons This process removes approximately 50% of the BOD & TSS in the wastewater The wastewater leaving the primary clarifiers is called Primary Effluent

27 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Aeration Process This process consists of 4 basins with each basin having 4 cells equipped with mechanical aerators. The combined volume of these basins are 2,240,000 gallons The purpose is to supply an environment where naturally occurring microorganisms (bacteria) can be cultured to digest the impurities in the wastewater We supply air so the bacteria will live and use the organic material in the primary effluent as their food source. The bacteria reproduce, multiply, and attach themselves to food particles. This creates floc particles and collectively is called Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) The main components of wastewater are carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The plant will remove 99% of the carbon and was designed to remove only one component of nitrogen, Ammonia. New regulations require us to remove a larger percentage of nitrogen. We are currently constructing improvements to achieve denitrification; a process that breaks down Nitrate into Nitrogen gas. Both are harmless when released into the environment. This upgrade will also address Phosphorus removal Wastewater leaving these basins is called Aeration Tank Effluent or Secondary Influent

28 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Aeration Process

29 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Flagellate The unsung heroes of wastewater treatment: Rotifer Amoeba Paramecium Free-Swimming Ciliates Stalked Ciliate

30 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Secondary Clarification Consists of four (4) secondary settling tanks, (also know as clarifiers) which are large basins that accept the aeration tank effluent There are a total of four clarifiers; two 80 feet in diameter and two 90 feet in diameter. We normally only utilize the 90 foot clarifiers The combined tank volume is 1,237,300 gallons The purpose is to allow the bacteria and biosolids (MLSS) to settle. A portion of this material is returned back to the beginning of the aeration tanks to help seed the process. This is called return sludge. Additional MLSS is created through the biological activity of the microorganisms and must be disposed of; this excess is called waste sludge and is sent to the Primary Clarifiers in order to be resettled with the raw sludge & be pumped to the Anaerobic Digesters for further processing at the Biosolids Facility This process can remove up to ~98% of the wastewater BOD/TSS As part of the upgrade, two of the existing smaller clarifiers will be eliminated and a new third one will be added

31 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Secondary Clarification

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Disinfection Process An Ultra Violet (UV) Light process replaced a chlorination system for the purpose of disinfection (kill pathogens) It

Disinfection of the wastewater occurs as it flows through a narrow channel and passes by a series of UV bulbs encased in quartz sleeves Disinfection occurs because the UV light breaks

32 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Disinfection Process An Ultra Violet (UV) Light process replaced a chlorination system for the purpose of disinfection (kill pathogens) It is a physical method of disinfection rather than a chemical process The main reason for this conversion was for worker/public safety as well as being safer for the environment Disinfection of the wastewater occurs as it flows through a narrow channel and passes by a series of UV bulbs encased in quartz sleeves Disinfection occurs because the UV light breaks down the cell walls of the harmful pathogens thus prevents replication or results in cell death The disinfected wastewater leaving the UV Channel is called effluent UV Rack removed UV Rack in channel

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Reaeration Tank The purpose of this process is to add oxygen back into the wastewater that was

puts the wastewater in contact with air from the atmosphere It can be supplemented with mechanical aeration if required The oxygen is added to

33 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Reaeration Tank The purpose of this process is to add oxygen back into the wastewater that was consumed in the treatment process This is accomplished passively, by a series of cascading steps in the channel that creates turbulence and puts the wastewater in contact with air from the atmosphere It can be supplemented with mechanical aeration if required The oxygen is added to protect fish and other aquatic life and to put less of a demand on the receiving waters The wastewater leaving this process is known as final effluent

34 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Outfall The outfall is a 30 pipeline which transports the final effluent from the plant to the Hockanum River.

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Primary Anaerobic Digester Raw and co-settled Waste Sludge from the primary clarifiers are regularly pumped into the digester The purpose of the

35 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Primary Anaerobic Digester Raw and co-settled Waste Sludge from the primary clarifiers are regularly pumped into the digester The purpose of the digester is to further reduce the amount of organic material called biosolids (or sludge) which was removed from the wastewater This is accomplished anaerobically (without oxygen) with a group of microorganisms that use the sludge as food and breakdown the biosolids to produce Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Methane The digested sludge is then pumped to the secondary digester The volume of this tank is 1,160,000 gallons As part of the upgrade, this process will be eliminated

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Secondary Anaerobic Digester The purpose of this digester is further breakdown the biosolids, settle and thicken the biosolids and to store methane The

36 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Secondary Anaerobic Digester The purpose of this digester is further breakdown the biosolids, settle and thicken the biosolids and to store methane The settled biosolids are then pumped to the dewatering building so water can be mechanically pressed out of the sludge prior to final disposal at the landfill; this will be eliminated during the upgrade as well

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Dewatering Process The purpose of the belt presses are to separate the water from the biosolids

coagulant, then distributing it between porous belts that will allow water to pass through but not solids The finished product in approximately

37 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Dewatering Process The purpose of the belt presses are to separate the water from the biosolids by squeezing water out of the sludge so there is less volume to dispose of This is accomplished by first thickening the sludge using an organic coagulant, then distributing it between porous belts that will allow water to pass through but not solids The finished product in approximately 14% solids (still 86% water!) The sludge is then trucked to the landfill for disposal As part of the upgrade, centrifuges will replace these devices

The Methane produced during Anaerobic Digestion to yields enough electricity to operate the Anaerobic Digesters and the Dewatering

38 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP Cogeneration Complex Methane from the digestion process can be used as a fuel to power gasdriven generator. The Methane produced during Anaerobic Digestion to yields enough electricity to operate the Anaerobic Digesters and the Dewatering Building. In the process the generator also produces heat. The heat is captured and used to help maintain the temperature (which stimulates gas production) of the biosolids in the digesters. Any excess electricity can be sold back to Connecticut Light & Power.

Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP COMPREHENSIVE PLANT UPGRADE The last significant plant upgrade occurred in 1991; much of the facility is circa 1970 & before Currently in the

39 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP COMPREHENSIVE PLANT UPGRADE The last significant plant upgrade occurred in 1991; much of the facility is circa 1970 & before Currently in the Construction Phase Scheduled to be complete by Nov Major Highlights: Headworks improvements Rebuild primary clarifiers New aerators & modifications to aeration system Ballasted floc system for phosphorus removal Improvements to secondary clarifiers Solids handling improvements including thickeners & centrifuges Replacement of pumps, valves & other equipment

efficiency, operability and safety New state-of-the-art SCADA

40 Manchester Sewer Department Hockanum River WWTP COMPREHENSIVE PLANT UPGRADE Other improvements slated to improve energy efficiency, operability and safety New state-of-the-art SCADA System Partially funded by a grant through the State s Clean Water Fund (CWF)

41 Manchester Sewer Department WWTP Construction Photographs

42 Manchester Sewer Department More WWTP Construction Pix

Manchester Sewer Department Wastewater Pump Stations There are

of Town to the WWTP Two Pump Stations were completely rebuilt

was replaced in 2012 A fourth pump station was eliminated in

43 Manchester Sewer Department Wastewater Pump Stations There are three major pump stations that convey sewage from various areas of Town to the WWTP Two Pump Stations were completely rebuilt in 2009 (JC Penney & Love Lane) The Birch Mountain Pump Station was replaced in 2012 A fourth pump station was eliminated in 2010 through changes in the layout of our underground infrastructure

Manchester Sewer Department Field Services Division Collection System The

5,000 manholes in the system The 8 th District has about 36 miles of main

year Note: approximately 9 in 10 sewer backups are caused by problems in the

44 Manchester Sewer Department Field Services Division Collection System The Town has approximately 165 miles of sanitary sewers There are approximately 5,000 manholes in the system The 8 th District has about 36 miles of main that they maintain Approximately 100 miles of sanitary main are cleaned each year Note: approximately 9 in 10 sewer backups are caused by problems in the homeowner s lateral Call first to be sure! GOOD MANHOLE BAD MANHOLE GIS MAP

MANCHESTER SEWER DEPARTMENT FOG Program State-mandated program to reduce the

& IV food establishments to have grease traps and register in the program This

treatment systems Improves public health & sanitation Helps with compliance of

45 MANCHESTER SEWER DEPARTMENT FOG Program State-mandated program to reduce the amount of Fats, Oils & Grease from entering the sewer system Requires Class III & IV food establishments to have grease traps and register in the program This helps to prevent blockages and sewer backups Reduces O&M costs of collection & treatment systems Improves public health & sanitation Helps with compliance of facility discharge standards Roots are also a major concern but not part of the regulation

46 MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT CUSTOMER SERVICE GROUP Billing Section (15,000+ accts) Metering Section Backflow prevention and cross connection program Precipitation Records Reservoir and groundwater levels & withdrawal rates Environmental recording and response

Over 40,000 analyzes performed per year on

in-house Consumer Confidence Report Ensures

47 MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT LABORATORY GROUP State-Certified Laboratory Over 40,000 analyzes performed per year on water & wastewater Most testing is performed in-house Consumer Confidence Report Ensures compliance with Federal & State Drinking Water Standards Ensures compliance with Discharge Permit Performs QA/QC testing Investigate consumer concerns

48 MANCHESTER WATER & SEWER DEPARTMENT Thank you for attending this year s session of Government 101 We hope you enjoyed our tours & presentations Questions or comments? Don t forget to fill out the evaluation forms Please visit our website:

Wastewater Treatment Processes

Wastewater Treatment Processes CEL212 Environmental Engineering (2 nd Semester 2010-2011) Dr. Arun Kumar (arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in) Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi)