Standardization of On-Site Wastewater Systems
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1 Standardization of On-Site Wastewater Systems T. D. Ellison (Standardization volunteer) 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 1
2 The global need WHO/UNESCO estimate that 32% of the world s population do not have improved sanitation: That s 2.4 billion people 946 million defecate in the open! Regionally the 2.4 billion breaks down as: Southern Asia 953 million Sub-Saharan Africa 695 million Eastern Asia 337 million South Eastern Asia 176 million Latin America & the Caribbean 106 million Other areas 98 million 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 2
3 The global need Four major issues: 1. Affordability 2. Availability / Appropriateness 3. Operability / Management 4. Effectiveness ISO Standardization is tackling issues 2 and 3 primarily. European standardization is tackling issue 4. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 3
4 The Canadian Situation Latest detailed data 2011 only: 80% had sewer connections 14% had a private septic system 1% were connected to a communal system 5% did not provide information In 2011, the population was million: 27.5 million connected to sewers 4.8 million had a private septic or communal system This does not include seasonal access to cottages, etc. primarily with septic systems. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 4
5 A collateral objective: Not just improved sanitation but sustainable sanitation Source: Sustainable sanitation alliance. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 5
6 Solutions to Global Situation Financial: Affordability International funding sources (World Bank, etc.) National Aid agencies operating internationally Charitable Groups Technical: Availability / Appropriateness Many international sources of information Canada contributes technical information and support through various agencies 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 6
7 Standards for On-site Solutions National Canada: CSA, BNQ, with reference to NSF, USA: NSF and EPA Japan: Johkasou Law governs all on-site systems with JIS A 3302: Estimation Of Population For Waste Water Purifier Of Buildings Most other nations pretty universal: either standards, regulations or guidelines Europe has gone international through CEN - European Committee for Standardization International ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services, ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing, EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT in 5 Parts. 2/25/2017E Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 7
8 The ISO standards development process A proposal is received by ISO Proposal is circulated to members for evaluation three questions: Is there a need? Are there existing standards that are relevant? Will you participate? If approved, a technical committee is formed Drafts are produced over time normally 3 years to completion in set stages: Working Draft (WD), Committee Draft (CD), Draft International Standard (DIS), Final Draft Internationals Standard (FDIS), Published Standard. Mandatory review after 5 years. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 8
9 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Scope of EN 12566: 1. Establishes requirements, test methods, the marking for domestic wastewater treatment plants (including guest houses and businesses) used for populations up to 50 inhabitants. 2. Small wastewater treatment plants according to this Standard are used for the treatment of raw domestic wastewater. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 9
10 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Seven parts: Part 1: Prefabricated septic tanks Part 2: Soil infiltration systems Part 3: Packaged and/or site assembled domestic wastewater treatment plants Part 4: Septic tanks assembled in situ from prefabricated kits Part 5: Pre-treated Effluent Filtration systems Part 6: Prefabricated secondary treatment units Part 7: Prefabricated tertiary treatment units 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 10
11 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT European focus: Enhancing the effectiveness of the on-site plants to protect European water quality conditions. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 11
12 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT The treatment capacity of the treatment unit shall be declared as: the hydraulic daily flow, expressed in m 3 /d, giving the maximum number of PT appropriate for it; and the maximum hydraulic flow per unit of time, expressed in l/s in a defined timeframe. EXAMPLE 1,4 m 3 /d and 0,6 l/s in 15 min. A population total equivalent (PT) shall be defined as 60g BOD 5 /d and 150 l/d of wastewater. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 12
13 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Characteristic Influent Characteristics Minimum Requirement BOD5 or BOD7 (ATU) in mg O 2 /l COD in mg O 2 /l SS in mg/l KN in mg/l NH4-N in mg/l Total P in mg/l 5 20 Maximum 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 13
14 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Mandatory Monitoring total chemical oxygen demand (COD) total biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ; suspended solids (SS); temperature (liquid phase); power consumption; daily hydraulic flow; desludging frequency; desludging frequency. Optional Monitoring ph; conductivity; nitrogen parameters; total phosphorus; hourly hydraulic flow; dissolved oxygen concentration; sludge production; ambient air temperature. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 14
15 EN Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Effectiveness reports: Treatment units are tested and the following parameters are variously to be declared: Treatment efficiency ratio (%) on parameter(s) to be reduced by the treatment (i.e. BOD 5, BOD 7, COD, SS, total phosphorus or total nitrogen); and CFUs, Tested daily load (in kg/d) for parameter(s) to be reduced by the treatment (i.e. BOD 5, BOD 7, COD, SS, total phosphorus or total nitrogen); The number of desludging procedures carried out. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 15
16 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services Initial ISO Focus Enhancing the effectiveness of the existing on-site plants by providing guidance on Management to meet the Operability / Management issues 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 16
17 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services ISO TC 224: Standardization of a framework for the definition and measurement of service activities relating to drinking water supply systems and wastewater systems WG 8: Guidance for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services, using technologies in their entirety at any level of development, as applicable Co-convened by Kenya and Austria Based on ISO Assessment of Wastewater Services 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 17
18 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services ISO established 6 major objectives for wastewater services: 1. Protection of Public Health 2. Meeting users needs and expectations 3. Provision of services under normal and emergency conditions 4. Sustainability of the wastewater utility 5. Promotion of sustainability of the community 6. Protection of the built and natural environment and established a performance assessment methodology linked to the objectives. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 18
19 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services ISO Objectives remained the same at the broad level but were adapted to the onsite situation: Protection of public health focussed on wastewater disposal so that: drinking water supplies are not threatened; direct human exposure is not possible; waste is inaccessible to vectors, i.e., insects, rodents or other possible carriers; local environment laws and regulations are to be followed; odour or aesthetic nuisances are not created. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 19
20 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services The Standard covers: guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services from the operator's perspective, including maintenance techniques, training of personnel and risk considerations; guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services from the perspective of users; guidance on the design and construction of basic on-site domestic wastewater systems; guidance on planning, operation and maintenance, and health and safety issues. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 20
21 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services The principal sections addressed (both design and management) are: 1. User interface 2. Collection 3. Transportation 4. Treatment 5. Use/disposal of effluents 6. Use/disposal of sludges 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 21
22 ISO 24521: 2016 Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services Source: ISO /25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 22
23 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Current ISO Focus Enhancing the effectiveness and availability / appropriateness of the next generation of on-site plants by providing guidance on designing and testing non-sewered systems 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 23
24 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Scope: This standard specifies technical requirements, test methods, and sustainability considerations for non-sewered sanitation systems. A non-sewered sanitation system for the purposes of this standards is a sanitation system that: 1. is not connected to a networked sewer system, and 2. collects, conveys and fully treats the specific input to allow for safe reuse or disposal of the generated output. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 24
25 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Source: WD 1 ISO /25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 25
26 Front ends Source: Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 26
27 Urine Separating Toilet Seat Source: Compositing Toilets Canada, Ltd. - Separett composting toilet bowl. 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 27
28 Nutrifying crops with Urine Source: Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 28
29 Fertilizing crops with processed sludge Source: Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 29
30 Biogas generator for communal cooking systems Source: Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 30
31 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing 5. Technical Requirements: Safety assessments Operational Requirements Reliability and safety requirements for energy supply Mechanical requirements Requirements for radiation Electrical and electronic equipment Reliability of conveyance devices Transitions from the backend 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 31
32 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing 6. Additional Requirements for the front end: Use and Operation Visibility of feces Evacuation performance Integrity against external impacts Slipping, tripping or falling 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 32
33 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing 7. Performance testing: General Classification of systems Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Non-sewered sanitation systems one frontend backend nonbiological Non-sewered sanitation systems one frontend backend includes one or more biological treatment processes Non-sewered sanitation systems more than one frontend Controlled laboratory conditions Field testing 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 33
34 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Solid output human health Threshold for all reuse purposes Thermo-tolerant coliforms (per g total solids) <1000 Helminth eggs (per g total solids) <1 Liquid effluent - human health parameters Threshold for all reuse purposes Thermo-tolerant coliforms count (per 100 ml) 10 (or not detectable) Helminth eggs count (per litre) 0.1 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 34
35 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Effluent performance thresholds for environmental parameters Category A usage: Threshold for irrigation and other unrestricted urban uses Category B usage: Threshold for discharge into surface water or other restricted urban uses COD (mg/l) TSS (mg/l) Effluent performance thresholds for environmental discharges Total nitrogen (mg/l) 15 Total phosphorous (mg/l) 2 ph 6-9 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 35
36 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Maximum allowable percentage of observations reporting odor as unpleasant or unacceptable Within the Structure Maximum percentage of observations reported as unpleasant Maximum percentage of observations reported as unacceptable Normal odor day 10 2 Simulant odor day 10 2 In the vicinity of the Structure Maximum percentage of observations reported as unpleasant Maximum percentage of observations reported as unacceptable Normal odor day 10 2 Simulant odor day /25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 36
37 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Noise requirements (measured at 1 m from the system) 70 dba (L EX,24h ) Average over 24 hours 90 dba (L pa,max ) Maximum at any time 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systnoems 37
38 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Parameter Air emission thresholds Indoor emission thresholds (average levels over indicated timeframe) Ambient emission thresholds (1 h average) CO (ppm) 1 h: SO 2 (ppm) 1 h: NO x (ppm) 1 h: 6,8 195 VOC (ppm) 1 h: H 2 S (ppm) 30 min: 4,6 1,9 PAH (ppm) 1 h: 187 0,001 PM 2,5 (µg/m³) 1 h: /25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systnoems 38
39 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing 8. Sustainability: Relates narrowly to the sanitation system s use and recovery of resources. Recovery of nutrients Water consumption and reuse of effluent Energy consumption and energy recovery Life cycle assessment Affordability 2/25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 39
40 ISO Non-sewered sanitation systems General safety and performance requirements for design and testing Certification: Where testing is performed for the purposes of certification, certifying bodies shall meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17065: /25/2017 Standardization of On-site Wastewater Systems 40
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