Modeling Parcel-Scale Urban Ecohydrology

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1 Modeling Parcel-Scale Urban Ecohydrology Carolyn B. Voter and Steven P. Loheide II University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

2 Urban Ecohydrology

3 Motivation Field Modeling Preliminary Results Future Directions Is it all the same? sharonwater.com/redirect-your-downspout/ dailyhomerenotips.com/2008/08/16/replacing-our- gutters-part-12-performance-in-the-rain-1/ patsdailyrant.blogspot.com/2011/04/monsoon-season-just-wont-endand-

4 Measuring Imperviousness Total Impervious Area Arrangement & Connectivity

5 Research Objective Explore how nuanced differences in the arrangement and connectivity of impervious surfaces affect hydrologic regimes at the parcel scale

6 Overview 1. Show support from the field for these ideas 2. Present a fully-coupled surface-subsurface water balance model based on governing physics and preliminary results 3. Describe future directions for modeling efforts

7 Field Measurements Near Downspout No Direct Influence

8 10cm Soil Moisture Content W a t e r Soil Moisture Content S t r e s s Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Downspout Yard 35cm W a t e r S t r e s s Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct cm W a t e r S t r e s s Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 0 96

9 Surface Model Precipitation Evaporation Richard s Diffusive Wave Equation Shallow Water Equations Runoff Infiltration Root Water Uptake Subsurface Model Recharge

10 Measuring Imperviousness

11 Surface Model Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Infiltration Root Water Uptake Subsurface Model Recharge

12 Surface Water Kazezyilmaz-Alhan Example: Initially dry 600 ft. parking lot Rainfall at 2 in/hr for 30 min Drainage for 30 min Compare to MacCormack finite difference solution Runoff Flow [m 2 /min] COMSOL MacCormack Time [min]

13 Surface-Subsurface Coupling Abdul & Gillham Experiment: Sloped sand surface Initial water table at outlet Rain at 4.3 cm/hr for 20 min VanderKwaak FE Model

14 Sidewalk Disconnect (1D-2D) Impervious Surface

15 Sidewalk Disconnect (1D-2D) Impervious Surface

16 Sidewalk Disconnect (1D-2D) Total Precipitation (mm) Time (d) Total Runoff (mm) ft Disconnect 0ft Disconnect Time (d)

17 Residential Lot Simulations (2D-3D) Sidewalk Disconnect 0 ft 6 ft Downspout Disconnect 0ft, 1ft, 5ft Driveway/Sidewalk Slope Longitudinal, Transverse Soil Type Silt loam, Loamy sand

18 Total Impervious Area Arrangement & Connectivity Field Downspouts Soil Moisture Content Preliminary Modeling Sidewalk/Driveway Future Modeling Parcel 10cm Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 35cm Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 65cm Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

19 Thank You! Questions? Funding Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council, University of Wisconsin Water Resource Institute, Project WR12R002 People Steve Loheide, Jeff Miller, Eric Booth, Sam Zipper, Kyle Ankenbauer

Leila Talebi and Robert Pitt. Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box , Tuscaloosa

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