Hydromorphology in the Danube River Basin

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1 Workshop on Transboundary Water Resources Management in Western and Central Europe 8-10 February 2011, Budapest, HU Hydromorphology in the Danube River Basin Raimund MAIR, ICPDR Technical Expert on River Basin Management

2 Content General information ICPDR EU WFD and Danube River Basin Management Plan Hydromorphological situation in the Danube River Basin and Joint Programme of Measures (JPM) Integration with other sectors Summary & conclusions

3 From Black Forest to Black Sea

4

5 ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River ICPDR established on the Danube River Protection Convention (signed 1994) legal frame for cooperation Mandate to ensure conservation, improvement and rational use of surface waters and ground water Reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances Control floods and ice hazards Reduce pollution loads to the Black Sea Since 2000 the ICPDR is the coordinating body for implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in the Danube River Basin

6 ICPDR Contracting Parties Germany Austria Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Croatia EU Member States (8) Non-EU Member States (6) Bosnia & Herzegovina Serbia Montenegro Romania Bulgaria Rep. of Moldova Ukraine European Union

7 ICPDR and the EU Water Framework Directive Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the Danube River Basin Implementation of Directive is legal requirement for the 8 EU Member States Political commitment from the non-eu Member States to make all efforts to achieve a coordinated River Basin Management Plan Result: Adoption of the 1 st Danube River Basin District Management Plan (DRBMP) end 2009

8 Hydromorphological Alterations 2004 Article 5 Reports according to the WFD Hydromorphological alterations have been identified as significant water management issues all over Europe Heavily Modified Water Bodies have been designated on a provisional basis in high percentage HYMO alterations in focus of RBM Plans 2009 beside traditional pollution parameters

9 What are HYMO Alterations? HYMO Alterations are human pressures to the natural structure of surface waters such as modification of bank structures, sediment/habitat composition, discharge regime, gradient and slope. The consequence of these pressures can impact aquatic ecological fauna and flora and can hence significantly impact the water status.

10 Natural Driver/Pressure HYMO alteration

11 POSSIBLE PRESSURES DRIVER Which Driver - Which Pressures? Hydropower Generation Flood Defence Navigation River & habitat continuity interruption Alteration of sediment transport Wetland reconnection Wetland reduction Bed stabilisation Deepening river bed Sidearm disconnection Overlapping Pressures River & habitat continuity interruption Wetland/floodplain disconnection Bank reinforcement Alteration of river course and channelization Alteration of hydraulic/hydrological characteristics

12 Hydromorphological Alterations Drivers Key Drivers Hydropower generation Navigation Flood defence Water supply Other Drivers Recreation Urban planning Agriculture

13 Significant Water Management Issues HYMO alterations Organic Pollution Nutrient Pollution Hazardous Substances Pollution River and Habitat Continuity Interruptions Disconnection of Adjacent Wetlands/Floodplains Hydrological Alterations Hydromorphological Alterations Future Infrastructure Projects

14 Danube River Basin Management Plan (DRBMP) WFD requirement; Management Plan adopted end 2009 Assessment of situation on basinwide scale Addressing the 4 Significant Water Management Issues (Organic-, Nutrient-, Hazardous Substances Pollution and Hydromorphology) Joint Programme of Measures

15 Danube River Basin Management Plan HYMO alterations Danube River Basin Management Plan KEY RESULTS Hydromorphological Alterations

16 Designation of Heavily Modified (HMWB) and Artificial Water Bodies (AWB) Heavily Modified Water Body (HMWB): body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations by human activity is substantially changed in character Artificial Water Body (AWB): body of surface water created by human activity For the Danube River Agreement on harmonised procedure and specific criteria for final HMWB designation in the frame of the ICPDR (designation for HR, RS and UA is provisional): Significantly physically altered change of character Failure to achieve good ecological status

17 Share of natural water bodies, HMWB and AWB in the Danube River Basin (catchment areas > 4,000 km 2 ) In relation to total length of river water bodies 47% (provisional) natural 40% final or provisional HMWB 4% AWB 9% no designation HMWBs, AWBs and natural water bodies indicated as length (km) and relation to total length of river water bodies (Danube and tributaries > 4,000 km 2 ).

18 Ecological status & ecological potential in the Danube River Basin (catchment areas > 4,000 km 2 ) In relation to total length of river water bodies 22% ecological status/potential good or above 53% ecological status/potential moderate or worse 25% no data Ecological status and ecological potential for river water bodies in the DRBD indicated as length (km) and relation to total length of river water bodies (Danube and tributaries > 4,000 km 2 ).

19 Joint Programme of Measures Significant share of water bodies (provisionally) designated as heavily modified water bodies - substantially changed in character Significant share of water bodies not in good ecological status/potential, thus in need for actions (not only on hydromorphology) to achieve WFD objectives Agreement on Joint Programme of Measures (JPM) as part of the Danube River Basin Management Plan

20 DRBMP Visions & Management Objectives River and Habitat Continuity Interruptions Anthropogenic barriers and habitat deficits do not hinder fish migration and spawning anymore sturgeon species and specified other migratory species are able to access the Danube River and relevant tributaries. Sturgeon species and specified other migratory species are represented with self-sustaining populations in the DRBD according to their historical distribution.

21 Hydromorphological Alterations River and Habitat Continuity Interruptions

22 River and Habitat Continuity Interruptions 2015 (expected improvements) extracted zoomed map version

23 Hydromorphological Alterations River and Habitat Continuity Interruptions 932 barriers for fish migration in the Danube River Basin 108 migration aids to be constructed by 2015 Remaining continuity interruptions to be addressed by 2021/2027 Perform feasibility study on the re-opening of the Iron Gate Dams Achieve the WFD environmental objectives in an ecologically effective way: initial measures should focus on the defined ecological priority river stretches

24 Hydromorphological Alterations Ecological prioritisation approach for basin-wide measures on river continuity Classification of fish regions in DRB List and map of key migration routes of medium and long distance migratory fish species Development of prioritisation index Danube Sturgeon for measures based on agreed criteria Map illustrating prioritisation index and therefore measure priority Danube Salmon

25 Ecological prioritisation regarding restoration measures for river and habitat continuity Priority: Free migration in the Danube River and the direct connection of tributaries

26 DRBMP Visions & Management Objectives Disconnection of adjacent floodplains / wetlands The ICPDR s basin-wide vision is that floodplains/wetlands in the entire DRBD are re-connected and restored. The integrated function of these riverine systems ensure the development of selfsustaining aquatic populations, flood protection and reduction of pollution in the DRBD.

27 Hydromorphological Alterations Disconnection Wetlands/Floodplains 612,745 ha of wetlands/floodplains with reconnection potential 62,300 ha reconnected and/or the hydrological regime improved by 2015 Difficult to indicate currently the effect of measures on basin-wide scale

28 DRBMP Visions & Management Objectives Hydrological alterations The ICPDR s basin-wide vision for hydrological alterations is that they are managed in such a way, that the aquatic ecosystem is not influenced in its natural development and distribution.

29 Hydromorphological Alterations Hydrological Alterations Hydrological alterations: Impoundments, water abstractions, hydro-peaking

30 Hydromorphological Alterations Hydrological Alterations 697 hydrological alterations in the Danube River Basin Measures will be taken to improve the ecological status/potential of water bodies impacted by significant hydrological alterations on the basin-wide scale Remaining hydrological alterations will be addressed by 2021/2027 Difficult to indicate currently the effect of measures on basin-wide scale

31 DRBMP Visions & Management Objectives Future infrastructure projects The ICPDR s basin-wide vision for future infrastructure projects is that they are conducted in a transparent way using best environmental practices and best available techniques in the entire DRBD impacts on or deterioration of the good status and negative transboundary effects are fully prevented, mitigated or compensated.

32 Hydromorphological Alterations Future Infrastructure Projects Future Infrastructure Projects (FIPs) can impact and deteriorate the water status Main share of reported projects dedicated to navigation and flood protection Rest: hydropower generation, water supply and other purposes 91 FIPs expected to have negative transboundary effects on other water bodies 87 FIPs expected to provoke deterioration of water status

33 Hydromorphological Alterations How to prevent deterioration through FIPs in future? Performance of sound SEAs and EIAs Fulfilment of WFD Article 4(7) Application of best environmental practices (BEP) and best available techniques (BAT) Ensure integrated planning approaches for achievement of FIP and environmental objectives

34 Integration NEW INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS Particular importance that environmental requirements are considered as integral part of planning and implementation process Process already ongoing with NAVIGATION sector to reduce and prevent negative effects from projects and maintenance works (Joint Statement and Platina Manual) Similar process launched for HYDROPOWER Inter-linkages WFD and implementation EUROPEAN FLOODS DIRECTIVE

35 NAVIGATION Joint Statement and Platina Manual Guiding Principles for the Development of Inland Navigation and Environmental Protection in the Danube River Basin Manual on Good Practices in Sustainable Waterway Planning (Platina Manual)

36 EU Danube Strategy Communication published in late 2010 ICPDR has observer status Important for non-eu Members as well Different issues relevant for hydromorphology and river basin management addressed (e.g. navigation, hydropower, flood protection, river continuity, wetlands, etc.) Strategy fully supports measures agreed in the Danube River Basin Management Plan

37 Conclusions (1) Hydromorphological alterations Significant Water Management Issue in the Danube basin Danube River Basin Management Plan (DRBMP) provides assessment of situation Significant share of water bodies (provisionally) designated as HMWB Significant share of water bodies not in good status/potential and in need for measures to achieve WFD objectives

38 Conclusions (2) DRBMP contains Joint Programme of Measures - measures address different hydromorphological issues Substantial progress in implementation of measures will be achieved by 2015, follow-up in 2 nd and 3 rd WFD implementation cycle Important topic integration ongoing for navigation, launched for hydropower and flood risk management EU Danube Strategy considered as policy instrument highly relevant for river basin management

39 Thank you very much! For more information please consult the ICPDR website and the Danube River Basin Management Plan

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