Solar power status and perspectives DESERTEC an update. Dr. Bernd Utz Head of the Project Desertec Initiative of the Renewable Energy Division

Transcription

1 Solar power status and perspectives DESERTEC an update Siemens Press Trip Seville, Lebrija April 13, 2010 Dr. Bernd Utz Head of the Project Desertec Initiative of the Renewable Energy Division Siemens AG 2010 Energy Sector

2 Solar irradiation: PV versus CSP Global irradiation works for PV use Direct irradiation works for CSP use The total irradiation reaching ground is the global irradiation. It consists basically of two irradiation types: Direct normal irradiation (DNI) is using sun beams that still come directly from the sun s direction and are almost parallel Diffuse irradiation was redirected as it passed for example humidity or dust or was reflected by clouds or water/ice surfaces CSP can only use DNI whereas PV is using a mix of direct and diffuse irradiation called global horizontal irradiation (GHI). Example: South East Asia has a high amount general irradiation but only little direct irradiation as a result of the monsoon weather regimes. Slide 1

3 Solar applications: Typical allocation of solar applications to different regions DESERTEC project pushes development of solar activities in EU-MENA region Temperature irradiation Land consumption Dispatch ability Photovoltaic Crystalline silicon Low Diffuse to direct Moderate No Thin film Medium to high Diffuse to direct Large No Concentrating PV High Direct only Little No Solar thermal (CSP) High Direct only Moderate Yes, with some storage Slide 2

4 CSP technologies: Four different CSP technologies are on the market for large-scale applications Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel With steam turbine source: Novatec Biosol AG source: Stirling Energy Systems, Inc. Siemens AG, taken at Abengoa Solar, S.A. Central Tower Stirling Dish Engine The parabolic trough is currently the most commercially viable solution Slide 3

5 CSP technologies: Parabolic trough technology is the only long-term proven technology Technology Concentration of sun rays on the focus line of parabolic trough (absorber tube) Two-cycle system (state-of-the-art: Oil / water) Main steam parameters: 380 C / 100 bar (HTF=thermo oil) Annual average efficiency (net): 12 15% (demonstrated) Strengths Most proven and bankable technology (~350 MW with more than 15 years experience) Single unit plant size of up to ~250 MW is possible Easy integration of thermal storage system dispatch when energy is needed Combination with process steam and ISCC possible Good modularity of collectors Weaknesses Limitation of oil temperature to <400 C Water consumption in cooling towers Alternative: ACC with reduced overall efficiency Slide 4

6 Siemens Solar Field: The SunField LP A complete, reliable, warranted and bankable solar field, based on Siemens' vast CSP experience The only supplier that develops, manufactures and installs all the critical components of the solar field, including receivers, mirrors and collectors Siemens's unique vertically integrated offering enables a guaranteed performance Operational know-how and efficiency Advanced command and control system which maximizes performance and revenues Lebrija Site Spain, Feb Slide 5

7 Siemens Solar Field: Construction Quality and Precision Optical Efficiency by automation and industrialization of construction Quality in all dimensions Transferable construction and training methodology Onsite engineering support Slide 6

8 The SOLEL 6 Collector: The road to an improved trough design Alpha Site Siemens designed a new collector Solel 6, based on past experiences from Luz Solel 6 collector azimuth tracking platform enables testing all incident angles Beta Site An entire loop in the Negev test site Solel 6 and its components tested for over three years On site construction and production methodology optimized Slide 7

9 Solar receiver: The UVAC 2010 Oil Receiver Proven technology UVAC has a track record of decades of field proven reliability Over 220,000 units already delivered and booked orders of around 130,000 units Technical Data Absorption (α) >96% Emissivity (ε) typically below 9% at 400 C Active area to length ratio -96.3% Low profile radiation shield Patented getters device keeps vacuum level Coating durable in air, resistant to fluorescents phenomena Key Features New performance benchmark Most efficient receiver in the market Slide 8

10 Solar receiver: The Archimede Molten Salt Receiver HEOI09 Siemens is a shareholder in Archimede Solar Energy Proven Basic Concept Consisting of outer glass and inner metal tube Vacuum in between, reducing convection losses Heat transfer fluid: molten salts Technical Data 1) Absorptance α [%]: ~ 95 Emissivity ε [%]: ~ 400 C ~ 580 C Operating temperature [ C]: ~ Tube length [m]: ~ 4 Tube diameter [cm]: ~ 12 Key Features Special spectrally-selective coating (CERMET) ensures maximum sunlight yield Capable of highest temperatures Operation with molten salt 1) Parabolic Trough w/ molten Salt Slide 9

11 CSP technologies: HTF type molten salt Basics Liquid molten salt widely used as heat transfer medium in process industry (e.g. melamine, alumina production) Molten Salt stable up to 550 C, melting point 220 C Goal for main steam temperature: > 500 C Heat transfer to conventional Rankine Cycle via heat exchangers Strength Low pressure design for solar cycle High annual average efficiency (projected >18%) Easy integration of thermal storage system Heat transfer in liquid phase only Environmentally friendly Weakness Freezing of molten salt >> 150 C (heating necessary) Corrosion behavior (special materials required) Two cycle system Slide 10

12 CSP technologies: HTF type thermal oil Basics Synthetic oil, mixture of di phenyl and bi phenyl oxide Maximum reachable steam temperature: < 385 C Heat transfer to conventional Rankine Cycle via heat exchangers Annual average efficiency ~ 15% Strength More than 15 years operating experience in solar power plants Heat transfer in liquid phase only Weakness Upper temperature limit of 400 C, overheating to be avoided Flammable and toxic Heating necessary below 50 C Three cycle system in case of thermal storage system Slide 11

13 CSP technologies: HTF type direct steam Basics Demineralized water as working fluid Direct heat transfer to conventional Rankine Cycle Potential for main steam temperature: > C Strength One cycle system resulting in lower invest and operating costs Less components and systems needed High annual average efficiency possible 1, 2) Cheap and available Environmentally friendly Weakness Heat transfer in liquid and gaseous phase Thermal storage not available for large scale applications High nominal pressure in solar field 1) Complex controlling effort in case of insulation fluctuations Demonstration up to 500 C steam temperature 1) Demonstration of single loops only 1) 1) Parabolic trough; 2) Solar tower; 3) saturated steam only 1, 2) Slide 12

14 Power Generation: Steam turbine for solar thermal application Power train SST-700 DRH with SGen5-100A-2P series generator Gear box Generator LP module HP module Siemens solar steam turbines references As of September 2008, Siemens has booked orders for 45 steam turbines for solar thermal power plants 40 steam turbines for CSP trough technology 3 steam turbines for solar tower 2 steam turbines for ISCC power plants Slide 13

15 Market-leading steam turbine for solar applications SST-700 DRH General Dual-casing reheat turbine (DRH) HP module geared to LP module / generator Middle position of generator Technical data Power output [MW]: 50 Inlet pressure [bar]: 100 Inlet temperature [ C]: 377 Reheat temperature [ C]: 380 Rotational speed [rpm]: 9,000 / 3,000 Features 1) Condensing type Customized steam path for high efficiency Low mass rotor and casings for highest cycling capabilities Axial exhaust Slide 14

16 Best practice in projects Lebrija/Spain CSP power plant Project profile Pioneer CSP plant in Spain Capacity of 50 MW Parabolic trough technology Thermal oil as heat transfer fluid Built by Solel and Valoriza Slide 15

17 A vision for clean energy becomes reality DESERTEC The DESERTEC concept Provide up to 100 GW of renewable capacity by 2050 Excellent potential for wind and solar power Power used in North Africa as well as Europe Low-loss electricity transport via HVDC from North Africa to Europe Slide 16

18 Siemens HVDC* transmission for the Desertec concept technologies Project Bass Link Project Yunnan DC sea cable connections (400 kv, ca 600 MW, ca 300 km) DC long distance transmission (±800 kv, 5000 MW, 1400 km) * HVDC: High voltage direct current Slide 17

19 Hydro Power with 800kV HVDC Transmission The hydro power of Yunnan can only transmitted with HVDC to the Hong Kong region. HVDC with the largest transmission capacity of 5000 MW over a distance of 1400 km. First 800kV HVDC line worldwide. CO 2 abatement of 30 Mio. tonnes per year Slide 18

20 Integration of Renewable Energies is feasible - HVDC plays a central role Use of hydro power in China Use of renewable energy in Europe Hydro > GW Wind > GW 1800 km Hydro > GW 2000 km 2000 km Solar > GW Load Centres Slide 19

21 The DESERTEC concept A great opportunity for the joint Energy Team Energy Sector plays a key role in the DII GmbH Offshore wind parks Photovoltaics HVDC power transmission lines Onshore wind power Concentrated solar power plant Solar field Receiver Power block Steam turbines Slide 20

22 Thank you! Siemens AG 2010 Energy Sector