Bioenergy potential in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Bioenergy potential in Indonesia Heinz Stichnothe Thünen Institut für Agrartechnologie Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 1

2 Agenda Palm oil production Residues current practises Drivers and barriers Residue composition Cascade use - towards a cicular economy Overview available biomass for bioenergy and treatment technologies Summary Additional information BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 2

3 Global palm oil production BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 3

4 Palm oil production Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) 1000 kg Oil mill Crude Palm Oil (CPO), 200 kg Kernels 75 kg

5 Palm oil mill scheme FFB (1000kg) Sterilisation Stripping/ pressing Waste water (100kg) EFB (230kg) Press liquid Screening Settling Press cake Oil Sludge Separator Fibres (140kg) Separ./drying CPO (200kg) Centrif. Clari. Sludge (500kg) Nut cracker Separ./drying Kernels (75kg) Shells (55kg) Waste water (50kg) BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover

6 Residues from palm oil production Energy carriers Mesocarp fibre 140 kg Shells 55 kg Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) 0,65 m³ Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) 230 kg

7 Estimation based on palm oil production in mill. t 107 mill. t 38 mill. t 8.8 mill. t 23 Millionen t 33 mil. t BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 7

8 Mass flow analysis 30 t CPO/h ca. 150,000 t FFB/a Mass [t/a] % Moisture LCV [GJ/t] Energy content [GJ] Used as Fibres 21, ,000 Fuel in CHP Shells 8, ,4 109,880 Fuel in CHP construction mat. EFB 35, ,4 154,000 Soil improver, (energy carrier) Demand 219,600 POME 97, [MJ/m³] 32,000 (as Biogas) (Biogas Electicity) BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 8

9 Drivers and barriers Drivers Legislation, electricity provider has to purchase Feed-in-tariffs National targets for palm oil as energy source Progressive export tax to boost downstream processing Growing energy/electricity demand Barriers Inconsistent regulatory framework Implementation of national regulations National targets but no penalty Public perceptions Access to finance Planning (in)security BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 9

10 EFB

11 Biomass composition Fibres Shells EFB Lignin[%] Cellulose [%] Hemicellulose [%] Moisture[%] C [%] N [%] S [%] K [mg*kg -1 ] P [mg*kg -1 ] Mg [mg*kg -1 ] Na [mg*kg -1 ]

12 Composition palm oil mill effluent POME COD-total [kg/m³] 50 COD-dissolved [kg/m³] 25 BOD [kg/m³] 25 TS [kg/m³] 41 N-tot [kg/m³] 0.8 P [kg/m³] 0.2 K [kg/m³] 2.3 Ca [kg/m³] 0.4 Mg [kg/m³] 0.6 ph [-] 4.7 BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover

13 Covered lagoons, biogas flared Cont. Stirred fermentor

14 Biogas yield Fermenter (tech. scale) Max. biogas yield 1 POME m³/t FFB 0,65 0,65 COD diss kg/m³ POME COD sus kg/m³ POME Residence time d 2 75 COD diss-rem - 0,90 0,90 COD sus-rem - 0,15 0,60 COD diss-rem kg/m³ POME 22,50 22,5 COD sus-rem kg/m³ POME 3,75 15,0 Sum COD -removed kg/m³ POME 26,3 37,5 spec, Biogas yield m³/kg COD 0,55 0,55 spec, CH 4 yield m³ CH 4 /kg COD 0,35 0,35 CH 4 content % CH 4 yield m³/m³ POME 8,73 12,47 Biogas yield m³/m³ POME 13,72 19,59 POME m³/a CH 4 yield m³/a Biogas yield m³/ a Biogas yield m³/h Measured at a lagoon, please note that the values shown cannot be used for comparison of the systems above BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 14

15 POME Parameter POM Conventional Advanced system Batch sterilisation (BS) BS and zero dilution Cont. steril. zero dilution Sterilizer condensate Clarificatio sludge m³/t FFB m³/t FFB Sum m³/t FFB Dilution water m³/t FFB POME % dm Cooling water is not taken into account because it is reused in the mill; cleaning water is not taken into account because the amount is negligible

16 Waste water treatment Anaerobic lagoons, event. aerobic post-treatment Irrigation (after pre-treatment) Co-composting Algae production BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 16

17 Cascade use Biological drying EFB shredder composting compost POME fermentation Biogas Environmental impacts BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 17

18 Co-composting BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 18

19 Payback time (2002) 20 /t fibre or shells, no feed-in tarif, throughput 150,000 t FFB/a 0.63 yr 1.34 yr 0.84 yr 3.05 yr

20 BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 20

21 BD Palm oil -refinery Palm oil mill Plantation Stage Overview biomass treatment technologies Technology Residues Existing Proven Under development Prospective Fronds Soil improver / soil erosion protection (left on the ground) Cattle feed Pyrolysis/BtL Trunks/stems Soil improver (left on the ground) Incineration (CHP) Pyrolysis/BtL Biogas POME Lagoons With biogas capture EFB Dumped Co-composting Soil improver Biogas Algae production Pyrolysis/BtL/ HTC Shells Construction material Incineration (CHP) Pyrolysis/BtL Boiler ash Disposal Nutrient recovery Spent bleaching earth Disposal or incineration Biogas Palm fatty acid distillate Animal feed and soap ingredient 2 nd gen. biodiesel Feedstock for oleochemistry Phytochemicals, e.g. vitamin E Glycerol Purified glycerol Sugar replacement in Fermentation (1,3-PD) fermentations

22 Summary Huge potential for biogas in Indonesia Easily available 32 PJ/a from POME Potentially available PJ/a from EFB Low CO 2 abetment costs Trade-off energy versus nutrient recycling and soil fertility/ erosion protection focus on underutilised resources Low-cost and low-tech technologies are available Drivers are in place Regulations, national targets Feed-in tariff Growing demand for energy But major hurdles Governance, public perception High investment in not-core business required Insufficient planning security for investors Life cycle thinking - local conditions no one-fits-all BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 22

23 Additional information Available soon

24 Impressions BMWI Infoveranstaltung Hannover Seite 24