2010 Key World Energy

Transcription

1 2010 Key World Energy Statistics

2 9, rue de la Fédération Paris Cedex 15

3 S T KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS A T I S T I C S

4 IEA participating countries 2 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5 The International Energy Agency The IEA, which was established in November 1974, has over the years gained recognition as one of the world s most authoritative sources for energy statistics. Its all-encompassing annual studies of oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and renewables are indispensable tools for energy policy makers, companies involved in the energy field and scholars. In 1997 the IEA produced a handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data. This new edition responds to the enormously positive reaction to the books since then. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his or her fingertips the annual Canadian production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in Spain and thousands of other useful energy facts. Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the important IEA functions. But the Agency an autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development also: administers a plan to guard member countries against the risk of a major disruption of oil supplies; coordinates national efforts to conserve energy and develop alternative energy sources, as well as to limit pollution and energy-related climate change; and disseminates information on the world energy market and seeks to promote stable international trade in energy. 3

6 TABLE TABLE OF TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS CONTENTS

7 SUPPLY 1 TRANSFORMATION 2 CONSUMPTION 3 ENERGY BALANCES 4 PRICES 5 EMISSIONS 6 OUTLOOK 7 ENERGY INDICATORS 8 CONVERSION FACTORS 9 GLOSSARY 10

8 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY World Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total primary energy supply by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Hydro Oil Gas Combustible renewables and waste Nuclear Other* Hydro 1.8% Nuclear 0.9% Gas 16.0% 1973 and 2008 fuel shares of TPES Combustible renewables and waste 10.6% Other* 0.1% Coal/peat 24.5% Oil 46.1% Hydro 2.2% Nuclear 5.8% Gas 21.1% Combustible renewables and waste 10.0% Mtoe Mtoe Other* 0.7% Coal/peat 27.0 % Oil 33.2% 6 *Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

9 BY FUEL 1 Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of total primary energy supply* by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Hydro Oil Gas Combustible renewables and waste Nuclear Other** 1973 and 2009 fuel shares of TPES* Hydro 2.1% Nuclear 1.3% Combustible renewables and waste 2.3% Other** 0.2% Coal/peat 22.6% Hydro 2.1% Nuclear 11.3% Combustible renewables and waste 4.4% Other** 1.1% Coal/peat 19.7% Gas 19.0% Oil 52.5% Gas 24.2% Mtoe Mtoe Oil 37.2% 7 *Excludes electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

10 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY World Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total primary energy supply by region (Mtoe) Non- Europe 1.5% Non- Europe Latin America Middle East China Africa Former Soviet Union Asia* Bunkers** 1973 and 2008 regional shares of TPES Latin China America 7.0% Asia* 3.6% 5.6% Former Soviet Union 13.9% Middle East 1.0% Latin Africa Africa America 3.4% Bunkers** Asia* 5.3% 4.7% Bunkers** 3.0% 11.5% 2.7% China 17.4% 61.0% Non- Europe 0.9% Former Soviet Union 8.5% Middle East 4.8% Mtoe Mtoe *Asia excludes China. **Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. 44.2%

11 BY REGION 1 Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of total primary energy supply* by region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2009 regional shares of TPES* Europe 37.0% Europe 33.2% Pacific 10.9% North America 52.1% Pacific 16.5% North America 50.3% Mtoe Mtoe 9 *Excludes electricity trade.

12 S U P P L Y Crude Oil Production Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of crude oil* production by region (Mt) China Middle East Asia** Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa Non- Europe 0.7% Former Soviet Union 15.0% 1973 and 2009 regional shares of crude oil* production China 1.9% Asia** 3.2% Latin America 8.6% Africa 10.1% Non- Europe 0.2% Former Soviet Union 16.7% China 5.1% Asia** 4.4% Latin America 8.9% Africa 12.4% Middle East 36.9% 23.6% Middle East 30.0% 22.3% Mt Mt *Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China.

13 Producers, net exporters and net importers of crude oil* 1 % of Producers Mt world total Russian Federation Saudi Arabia United States Islamic Rep. of Iran People s Rep. of China Canada Mexico Venezuela Kuwait United Arab Emirates Rest of the world World data Net exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 355 Russian Federation 241 Islamic Rep. of Iran 120 United Arab Emirates 108 Nigeria 102 Angola 92 Norway 90 Kuwait 89 Iraq 88 Venezuala 74 Others 593 Total Net importers Mt United States 564 Japan 199 People s Rep. of China 175 India 128 Korea 116 Germany 105 Italy 88 France 83 Spain 61 Netherlands data *Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. Others 514 Total data 11

14 S U P P L Y Natural Gas Production Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of natural gas production by region (billion cubic metres) China Middle East Asia* Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa Former Soviet Union 19.7% Middle East 2.1% 1973 and 2009 regional shares of natural gas production Non- Europe 2.6% Asia* 1.0% China 0.5% Latin America 2.0% Africa 0.8% Non- Former Soviet Union Europe 24.8% 0.5% China 2.9% Asia* 10.2% Latin America 4.8% Africa 6.5% 71.3% Middle East 13.4% 36.9% bcm bcm 12 *Asia excludes China.

15 Producers, net exporters and net importers* of natural gas 1 % of Producers bcm world total United States Russian Federation Net exporters bcm Canada Russian Federation 160 Islamic Rep. of Iran Norway 100 Norway Canada 76 People s Rep. of China Qatar 67 Qatar Algeria 55 Algeria Indonesia 36 Netherlands Netherlands 30 Indonesia Turkmenistan 27 Malaysia 24 Rest of the world Trinidad and Tobago 21 World Others data Total data *Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG. Net importers bcm Japan 93 Germany 83 United States 76 Italy 69 France 45 Ukraine 38 Turkey 35 Spain 34 Korea 33 United Kingdom 29 Others 214 Total data 13

16 S U P P L Y Hard Coal Production Evolution from 1971 to 2009 of hard coal* production by region (Mt) China Middle East Asia** Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2009 regional shares of hard coal* production Non- Former Soviet Europe Union 0.4% 22.8% China 18.7% Asia** 4.8% Latin America 0.3% Africa 3.0% Former Soviet Union 6.3% China 49.7% % Mt Mt *Includes recovered coal. **Asia excludes China. Asia** 14.6% 23.9% Africa Latin America 4.2% 1.3%

17 Producers, net exporters and net importers of coal 1 Hard Brown Producers coal* coal (Mt) (Mt) People s Rep. of China ** United States India Australia Indonesia South Africa Russian Federation Kazakhstan 96 5 Poland Colombia 73 0 Rest of the world World data 15 *Includes recovered coal. **Included in hard coal. Net exporters Hard coal (Mt) Australia 262 Indonesia 230 Russian Federation 93 Colombia 69 South Africa 67 United States 33 Vietnam 25 Kazakhstan 22 Canada 20 Czech Republic 4 Others 11 Total data Net importers Hard coal (Mt) Japan 165 People s Rep. of China 114 Korea 103 India 66 Chinese Taipei 60 Germany 38 United Kingdom 38 Turkey 20 Italy 19 Spain 16 Others 180 Total data

18 S U P P L Y Nuclear Production Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of nuclear production by region (TWh) China Former Soviet Union Other** Non- Europe Asia* 1973 and 2008 regional shares of nuclear production Former Soviet Union 5.9% Asia* 1.3% Asia* 2.1% Non- Europe 1.2% China 2.5% Other** 1.3% 92.8% Former Soviet Union 9.7% 83.2% 203 TWh TWh 16 *Asia excludes China. **Other includes Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.

19 Producers of nuclear electricity 1 % of Producers TWh world total United States France Japan Russian Federation Korea Germany Canada Ukraine People s Rep. of China Sweden Rest of the world World data Installed capacity GW United States 101 France 63 Japan 48 Russian Federation 23 Germany 20 Korea 18 Canada 13 Ukraine 13 United Kingdom 11 Sweden 9 Rest of the world 53 World data Sources: IEA, Commissariat à l Énergie Atomique (France). *Excludes countries with no nuclear production. Country (top-ten producers) % of nuclear in total domestic electricity generation France 77.1 Ukraine 46.7 Sweden 42.6 Korea 34.0 Japan 24.0 Germany 23.5 United States 19.3 Russian Federation 15.7 Canada 14.4 People s Rep. of China 2.0 Rest of the world* 11.9 World data 17

20 S U P P L Y Hydro Production Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of hydro* production by region (TWh) China Middle East Asia** Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2008 regional shares of hydro* production Non- Europe Former Soviet 2.1% Union 9.4% Middle East 0.3% China 2.9% Asia** 4.3% Latin America 7.2% Africa 2.2% Non- Europe 1.5% China 17.8% Former Soviet Union 7.3% Middle East 71.6% 0.3% Asia** 7.7% Latin America 20.5% Africa 3.0% 41.9% TWh TWh *Includes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China.

21 Producers of hydro* electricity 1 % of Producers TWh world total People s Rep. of China Canada Brazil United States Russian Federation Norway India Venezuela Japan Sweden Rest of the world World data *Includes pumped storage. **Excludes countries with no hydro production. 19 Installed capacity GW People s Rep. of China 149 United States 100 Brazil 77 Canada 73 Japan 47 Russian Federation 47 India 36 Norway 29 France 25 Italy 21 Rest of the world 320 World data Sources: IEA, United Nations. Country (top-ten producers) % of hydro in total domestic electricity generation Norway 98.5 Brazil 79.8 Venezuela 72.8 Canada 58.7 Sweden 46.1 People s Rep. of China 16.9 Russian Federation 16.0 India 13.8 Japan 7.7 United States 6.5 Rest of the world** 13.6 World data

22 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Product Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world refinery production by product (Mt) LPG/ethane/naphtha Middle distillates Motor gasoline Fuel oil Aviation fuels Other products Fuel oil 33.8% Other products 9.2% 1973 and 2008 shares of refinery production by product LPG/ethane/ naphtha 5.8% Motor gasoline 21.0% Fuel oil 15.1% Other products 12.3% LPG/ethane/ naphtha 8.6% Motor gasoline 23.3% Middle distillates 26.0% Aviation fuels 4.2% Middle distillates 34.2% Aviation fuels 6.5% Mt Mt 20

23 Producers, net exporters and net importers of oil products 2 % of Producers Mt world total United States People s Rep. of China Russian Federation Japan India Korea Germany Saudi Arabia Canada Brazil Rest of the world World data Net exporters Mt Russian Federation 98 Saudi Arabia 48 Kuwait 32 Venezuela 30 India 19 Korea 19 Algeria 17 Italy 15 Belarus 13 Norway 11 Others 109 Total* data Net importers Mt People s Rep. of China 26 Japan 22 Mexico 20 Spain 16 Hong Kong (China) 15 Indonesia 14 Vietnam 13 Australia 13 Germany 9 Pakistan 9 Others 176 *The discrepancy between total net exports and total net imports arises from different data sources and possible misallocation of bunkers into exports for some countries. Total* data 21

24 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world refinery throughput* by region (Mt) China Middle East Asia** Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa Former Soviet Union 12.4% 22 Middle East 4.0% Non- Europe 1.5% 1973 and 2008 regional shares of refinery throughput* China 1.5% Asia** 3.3% Latin America 9.0% Africa 1.7% 66.6% Non- Europe Former 0.8% Soviet Union 8.1% Middle East 8.5% Mt Mt China Asia** 8.8% 10.5% Latin America 6.8% Africa 3.3% *Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China. 53.2%

25 Refinery capacity, net exporters and net importers of oil* 2 Crude distillation capacity % of kb/cd world total United States People s Rep. of China** Former Soviet Union Japan India Korea Germany Italy Saudi Arabia Canada Rest of the world World data Net exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 403 Russian Federation 338 Islamic Rep. of Iran 124 Kuwait 122 United Arab Emirates 105 Venezuela 104 Norway 101 Nigeria 97 Angola 92 Iraq 81 Others 592 Total data Net importers Mt United States 563 Japan 221 People s Rep. of China 200 Germany 115 India 109 Korea 98 France 90 Spain 77 Italy 73 Singapore 50 Others 624 *Crude oil and oil products. **Includes unlisted small teapot refineries which are estimated at 500 kb/cd (i.e. calendar day). Total data 23

26 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world electricity generation* by fuel (TWh) Fossil thermal Nuclear Hydro Other** 24 Nuclear 3.3% Gas 12.1% Hydro 21.0% 1973 and 2008 fuel shares of electricity generation* Other** 0.6% Oil 24.7% Coal/peat 38.3% Nuclear 13.5% Hydro 15.9% Gas 21.3% Other** 2.8% Oil 5.5% Coal/peat 41.0% 6116 TWh TWh *Excludes pumped storage. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables and waste, and heat.

27 Electricity production from fossil fuels 2 Coal/peat TWh People s Rep. of China United States India 569 Germany 291 Japan 288 South Africa 241 Australia 198 Russian Federation 197 Korea 192 Poland 143 Rest of the world World data Oil TWh Japan 139 Saudi Arabia 116 United States 58 Mexico 49 Indonesia 43 Iraq 36 Kuwait 36 Islamic Rep. of Iran 36 India 34 Pakistan 32 Rest of the world 532 World data Gas TWh United States 911 Russian Federation 495 Japan 283 United Kingdom 177 Islamic Rep. of Iran 173 Italy 173 Mexico 131 Spain 122 Thailand 102 Turkey 99 Rest of the world World data 25

28 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world electricity generation* by region (TWh) China Middle East Asia** Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Africa 26 Former Soviet Union 15.0% Middle East 0.6% 1973 and 2008 regional shares of electricity generation* Non- Europe 1.7% China 2.8% Asia** 2.6% Latin America 2.6% Africa 1.8% 72.9% TWh TWh *Excludes pumped storage. Non- Europe 1.0% Former Soviet Union 7.5% Middle East 3.8% China 17.3% Asia** 9.1% **Asia excludes China. Latin America 5.3% Africa 3.1% 52.9%

29 Producers, net exporters and net importers of electricity 2 Producers* % of TWh world total United States People s Rep. of China Japan Russian Federation India Canada Germany France Brazil Korea Rest of the world World data Net exporters TWh France 48 Paraguay 46 Canada 32 Germany 20 Russian Federation 18 Norway 14 People s Rep. of China 13 Czech Republic 11 Spain 11 Ukraine 7 Others 49 Total data Net importers TWh Brazil 42 Italy 40 United States 33 Netherlands 16 Finland 13 United Kingdom 11 Belgium 11 Portugal 9 India 9 Hong Kong (China) 8 Others 75 Total 267 **Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants data 27

30 C O N S U M P T I O N T O T A L F I N A L C O N S U M P T I O N World Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total final consumption by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Combustible renewables and waste* Oil Electricity Gas Other** 28 Combustible renewables and waste* 13.2% Gas 14.4% Electricity 9.4% 1973 and 2008 fuel shares of total final consumption Other** 1.7% Coal/peat 13.2% Oil 48.1% Combustible renewables and waste 12.7% Electricity 17.2% Gas 15.6% Other** 3.1% Mtoe Mtoe Coal/peat 9.8% Oil 41.6% *Data prior to 1994 for combustible renewables and waste final consumption have been estimated. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

31 B Y F U E L Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by fuel (Mtoe) Coal/peat Combustible renewables & waste Oil Electricity Gas Other* Combustible renewables & waste 3.0% Gas 18.4% 1973 and 2008 fuel shares of total final consumption Electricity 11.5% Other* 0.7% Coal/peat 10.2% Oil 56.2% Combustible renewables & waste 4.3% Electricity 21.5% Other* 1.8% Gas 20.0% Oil 48.7% Mtoe Mtoe *Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. Coal/peat 3.7% 29

32 C O N S U M P T I O N 30 T O T A L F I N A L C O N S U M P T I O N Latin America Asia** 3.7% 6.4% China 7.9% Africa 3.7% Non- Europe 1.5% Former Soviet Union 12.0% Middle East 0.8% World Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world total final consumption* by region (Mtoe) Non- Europe Latin America Bunkers*** 3.9% Middle East China Africa 60.1% Asia** 11.6% China 16.4% Latin America 5.2% Former Soviet Union Asia** Bunkers*** 1973 and 2008 regional shares of total final consumption* Africa 5.7% Bunkers*** 4.0% Non- Europe Former Soviet Union 0.8% 7.9% Mtoe Mtoe Middle East 4.6% *Data prior to 1994 for combustible renewables and waste final consumption have been estimated. **Asia excludes China. ***Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. 43.8%

33 B Y R E G I O N Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2008 regional shares of total final consumption Europe 36.4% Pacific 15.0% Europe 34.7% Pacific 10.6% North America 53.0% North America 50.3% Mtoe Mtoe 31

34 C O N S U M P T I O N T O T A L F I N A L C O N S U M P T I O N Coal* Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other** Non-energy use 1973 and 2008 shares of world coal* consumption Other** 36.3% Non-energy use 1.0% Other** 16.6% Transport 0.4% Non-energy use 4.5% Transport 5.3% Industry 57.4% 621 Mtoe 823 Mtoe Industry 78.5% 32 *Coal refers to coal/peat. **Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.

35 B Y S E C T O R Oil Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other* Non-energy use Non-energy use 11.6% 1973 and 2008 shares of world oil consumption Industry 19.9% Non-energy use 16.2% Industry 9.5% Other* 23.2% Transport 45.3% Other* 12.9% Transport 61.4% Mtoe Mtoe *Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other. 33

36 C O N S U M P T I O N T O T A L F I N A L C O N S U M P T I O N Gas Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other* Non-energy use 1973 and 2008 shares of world gas consumption Transport 2.6% Other* 40.7% Non-energy use 2.7% Industry 54.0% Transport 5.9% Industry 35.1% Other* 48.2% Non-energy use 10.8% 671 Mtoe Mtoe 34 *Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.

37 B Y S E C T O R Electricity Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of total final consumption by sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other* Other* 44.2% 1973 and 2008 shares of world electricity consumption Other* 56.7% Industry 41.7% Transport 2.4% Industry 53.4% Transport 1.6% 439 Mtoe Mtoe *Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other. 35

38 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY World 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (b) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste (a) Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens (c) Oil refineries Petrochem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport (d) Other Non energy use (a) Combustible renewables and waste final consumption has been estimated. (b) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (c) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants. (d) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.

39 BALANCE TABLE World 2008 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens (b) Oil refineries Petrochem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport (c) Other Non energy use (a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants. (c) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. 37

40 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Intl. aviation bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens (b) Oil refineries Petrochem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport Other Non energy use (a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.

41 BALANCE TABLE 2008 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal/ Crude Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other (a) Total CONSUMPTION peat oil products renewables & waste Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Intl. aviation bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens (b) Oil refineries Petrochem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport Other Non energy use (a) Includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants. 39

42 P R I C E S Dubai Crude Oil Key crude oil spot prices in USD/barrel 0 Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 monthly averages Brent Oil Products WTI Rotterdam oil product spot prices in USD/barrel Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 monthly averages Gasoline Gasoil HFO Jan-10 Jan-10

43 Coal Steam coal import costs in USD/tonne Q1983 1Q1987 1Q1991 1Q1995 1Q1999 1Q2003 1Q2009 quarterly averages EU member states* Japan Natural Gas Natural gas import prices in USD/MBtu *The weighted average for EU member states is based only on imports for which prices are available and may include different components in different time periods. Romania and Bulgaria are not available for any of the time periods. **LNG ***Pipeline yearly averages Japan** USA*** Belgium*** Germany*** Spain***

44 P R I C E S RETAIL PRICES (a) Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil Automotive Unleaded for industry (b) for households diesel oil (c) premium (d) (tonne) (1000 litres) (litre) (litre) Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei x Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary x India Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom c United States (a) Prices are for 1 st quarter 2010 for oil products, and annual 2009 for other products. (b) High sulphur fuel oil for Canada, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States; low sulphur fuel oil for all other countries. (c) For commercial purposes.

45 IN SELECTED COUNTRIES in USD/unit Nat. gas for Nat. gas for Steam coal Electricity for Electricity for industry households for industry (f) industry households (10 7 kcal GCV (e) ) (10 7 kcal GCV (e) ) (tonne) (kwh) (kwh) Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei c Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg x Mexico Netherlands.... c New Zealand x x Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States 5 (d) Unleaded premium gasoline (95 RON); unleaded regular for Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. (e) Gross calorific value. (f) Brown coal for Turkey... not available x not applicable c confidential 43

46 E M I S S I O N S CO 2 Emissions by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world* CO 2 emissions** by fuel (Mt of CO 2 ) Coal/peat Oil Gas Other*** Gas 14.4% 1973 and 2008 fuel shares of CO 2 emissions** Other*** 0.1% Coal/peat 34.9% Gas 19.9% Other*** 0.4% Coal/peat 42.9% Oil 50.6% Oil 36.8% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 44 *World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **Calculated using the IEA s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Other includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.

47 CO 2 Emissions by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2008 of world* CO 2 emissions** by region (Mt of CO 2 ) Africa Former Soviet Union Latin America Non- Europe Asia*** Middle East China Bunkers China 5.7% Asia*** 3.0% Latin America 2.7% Africa 1.9% 1973 and 2008 regional shares of CO 2 emissions** Former Soviet Union 14.4% Non- Europe 1.7% Middle East 1.0% Bunkers 3.8% 65.8% China 22.3% Asia*** 10.3% Former Soviet Union 8.3% Latin America 3.6% Africa 3.0% Non- Europe 0.9% Middle East 5.1% Bunkers 3.5% 43.0% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 *World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers, which are shown together as Bunkers. **Calculated using the IEA s energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Asia excludes China.

48 O U T L O O K O U T L O O K F O R W O R L D T P E S TPES Outlook by Fuel (Mtoe) RS RS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS Coal/peat Oil* Gas Nuclear Hydro Other** Nuclear 5.7% RS: Reference Scenario (based on current policies) 450 PS: 450 Policy Scenario*** (based on policies under consideration) Fuel shares of TPES in 2030 for Reference Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario Gas 21.2% Hydro 2.4% RS PS 2030 Other** 11.8% Coal/peat 29.1% Oil* 29.8% Hydro 3.4% Nuclear 9.9% Gas 20.4% Other** 18.6% Mtoe Mtoe Coal/peat 18.2% Oil* 29.5% 46 *Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **Other includes combustible renewables and waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc. ***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise the concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO 2 -equivalent.

49 T O (Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2009) TPES Outlook by Region (Mtoe) RS RS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS RS 450 PS * OME* OC* Intl. bunkers** RS: Reference Scenario (based on current policies) 450 PS: 450 Policy Scenario*** (based on policies under consideration) Regional shares of TPES in 2030 for Reference Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario OC* 25.2% RS PS 2030 Intl. bunkers** Intl. bunkers** 2.7% +* OC* 2.8% +* 35.2% 25.8% 36.8% 7 OME* 36.9% 47 OME* 34.6% Mtoe Mtoe *Please refer to the geographical coverage section for definitions of the regions. **Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. ***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise the concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO 2 -equivalent.

50 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Selected Indicators for 2008 Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO 2 ) World (c) (d) Middle East Former Soviet Union Non- Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil (a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

51 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) World Middle East Former Soviet Union Non- Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil 8 (c) TPES for world includes international aviation and international marine bunkers as well as electricity and heat trade. (d) CO 2 emissions for world include emissions from international aviation and international marine bunkers. 49

52 E N E R G Y Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO 2 ) I N D I C A T O R S 50 Brunei Darrussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana (a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

53 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) Brunei Darrussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana 8 51

54 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO 2 ) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia (a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

55 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ pop. GDP GDP (PPP) cons./pop. TPES pop. GDP GDP (PPP) Country/ (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / Economy 2000 USD) 2000 USD) capita) toe) capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia 8 53

56 E N E R G Y Region/ Popu- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 Country/ lation (PPP) prod. imports cons. (a) emissions (b) Economy (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 2000 USD) 2000 USD) of CO 2 ) I N D I C A T O R S 54 Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore (a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.