PROMOTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDONESIA

Transcription

1 PROMOTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDONESIA Mohammad Helmy Senior Adviser, Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA) 8 September 2015

2 The Archipelago of Indonesia million population in 1.9 million km 2 34 provinces, 511 Cities + Regencies, 17,000 islands Almost 60% of the population in Java Island

3 Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Handling 17% 2% 9% 14% 58% Waste Composition Organic Plastic Paper Metal Woods, Glass, Rubber, Fabric, Sand, Other 14% 14% 3% 69% Waste Handling Transported to Landfill Buried, Burnt Composted, other Disposed Source: Indonesia Domestic Solid Waste Statistics, MoE, 2008

4 Policy framework: Law No 18/2008 on MSW Management Central Government authority: Policy and strategy formulation Formulate national standards, procedure and guidelines Conduct capacity building, coordination and facilitation MSW Management Policy: Minimization 3R & EPR; Handling collecting, segregation, transportation, landfill and final processing Close open dumping practices and shift to sanitary landfilling / W2E / other methods Enhance local government s services to the community City and authority: Responsible for the implementation of MSW management policies Carry out monitoring, evaluation and control

5 Anaerobic digestion of MSW as an alternative energy source Indonesia has a long experience in the application of AD for micro / small food industries (e.g. tofu, cassava flour) and the utilization of animal manure in animal husbandry in rural areas; Energy is generated from waste, which would otherwise be dumped or landfilled, with savings in transport costs, and a decrease of air, soil and water pollution; AD development shall complement the activity of waste banks, which have been very successful in Indonesia in the recycling of inorganics (e.g. paper, plastics, etc.); Given the high shares of organic waste that are left untreated, there is an enormous untapped potential to generate energy from waste through AD conversion in Indonesia.

6 Policy framework in Indonesia for waste-to-energy A Feed-in tariff system for bioenergy-based power generation is in place in Indonesia through Regulation No. 19 (2013) and No. 27 (2014) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources: No. Energy Capacity Electricity Tariff Note Medium Voltage 1. Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.150,- / kwh X F ($ 8 cents) 2. Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.050,- / kwh X F ($ 7 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste 3. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.450,- / kwh ($ 11 cents) Zero waste 4. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.250,- / kwh ($ 9 cents) Sanitary Landfill Low Voltage 1 Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.500,- / kwh X F ($ 11 cents) 2 Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.400,- / kwh X F ($ 10 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste 3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.798,- / kwh ($ 13 cents) Zero waste 4 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.598,- / kwh ($ 15 cents) Sanitary Landfill *F is an incentive factor based on the region where the power plant installed

7 Piloting the anaerobic digestion conversion of municipal solid waste in Jambi City (South Sumatra) and Malang Regency (East Java)

8 Overview of Jambi City Population 681,616 inhabitants Area km 2 Daily waste generation Waste generation rate Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill) Institution responsible for waste management tons/day 0.53 kg/capita/day 72% Sanitation, Landscaping, and Cemetery Agency Coverage area of waste management services 100% Final Disposal Talang Gulo Landfill (15 km from the city centre). Semi-controlled landfill.

9 Jambi City Jambi = Material Recovery Facility = Landfill = Waste Bank TELANAIPURA DISTRICT DANAU TELUK DISTRICT D 4 T PELAYANGAN S DISTRICT A PASAR JAMBI DISTRICT K 12 B 6 M W 8 11 JELUTUNG DISTRICT I Y 5 EAST JAMBI F DISTRICT Q R E J G SOUTH JAMBI P DISTRICT O Z KOTA BARU DISTRICT 3 V L X C N H 1 U Talang Gulo Landfill 10

10 Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Jambi Ongoing practice in Jambi: collection transportation final disposal of waste Waste-to-energy pilot (Anaerobic Digestion) to treat market waste at Angso Duo market is being developed by ESCAP, in partnership with the Jambi local government authority and UCLG ASPAC At Angso Duo market, > 65% of waste composition is suitable for AD conversion (vegetables 56%, fruits 11%) Waste generation and collection in the Angso Duo market

11 Overview of Malang Regency Population 2,466,277 inhabitants Area 3,238 km 2 Daily waste generation Waste generation rate Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill) Institution responsible for waste management Coverage area of waste management services Final Disposal 1603 ton/day 0.65 kg/cap/day 4.7% The Human Settlements and Spatial Planning Agency 76% a. Randuagung Landfill, Singosari (open dumping) b. Talangagung Landfill, Kepanjen (semi-controlled landfill) c. Paras Landfill, Poncokusumo (semi-controlled landfill) d. Rejosari Landfill, Bantur (open dumping)

12 Malang Regency Malang Regency Kasembon 10 Ngantang 8 Pujon Pujon Landfill Dau Karangploso Randuagung Landfill Singosari Lawang Pakis Jabung Paras Landfill Wagir 19 Tumpang = Material Recovery Facility = Landfill = Waste Bank Kalipare Wonosari Ngajum C Kromangan Kepanjen D TalangAgung Landfill A E Sumberpucung B 20 Pagak Pagak Landfill 7 Pakisaji 21 Bululawang Gondanglegi Plaran Tajinan Bululawang Landfill Turen 22 Rejosari Landfill 9 Wajak Dampit Pancokusumo Tirtoyudo Ampelgading Donomulyo Bantur Gedangan Sumbermanjing Wetan

13 Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Malang Regency Malang Regency is mostly composed of peri-urban areas, with extensive areas for plantation, agriculture and animal breeding; A 2 ton per day waste-to-energy pilot will be developed by ESCAP, in partnership with Malang Regency, the local community and UCLG ASPAC, to treat waste from the Mantung market, as well as the organic waste from other smaller markets nearby and animal husbandry waste; Ongoing practice in Mantung are: waste collection and disposal to the nearest dumping site or river without any further treatment. Additionally, the animal waste from husbandry is simply dumped into the river and no treatment occurs. Mantung market, Malang Regency

14 Expected Results and Challenges Expected results: Waste-to-energy plants for treating organic waste in Jambi and Malang Regency operate in a financially sustainable manner and provide energy to the surrounding communities in the form of heat and/or electricity Reduction in the waste transported and disposed into landfills, thereby saving landfill area and reducing waste transportation costs The model is replicated to other cities in Indonesia Challenges: Segregation of waste at source is typically not practiced or enforced in Indonesia Tipping fees are traditionally not paid by municipalities Low budget allocations to MSW Management can be an issue for ensuring the financial sustainability of waste-to-resource initiatives, especially AD and composting Technical issues are likely in handling a new waste conversion approach, and therefore the a need for capacity building of plant managers and operators

15 Thank You. Terima Kasih Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA) Secretariat: Jl. Krekot Bunder IV Blok H No 19, Pasar Baru, Jakarta-Pusat sekretariat@inswa.or.id, inswa.org@gmail.com Field Office: TPS 3R RAWASARI Jl. Rawa Kerbau 5A- Rawasari Selatan, Cempaka Putih Timur, Jakarta Pusat Telp: (+62-21) Fax :(+62-21)