Rainwater Harvesting for Enhanced Groundwater Recharge Through Capture of Increased Runoff from Site Development
|
|
- Lillian McGee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC 2006 Conference Proceedings Rainwater Harvesting for Enhanced Groundwater Recharge Through Capture of Increased Runoff from Site Development Mark Miller Daniel B. Stephens & Associates Follow this and additional works at: Abstracts of presentations given on Tuesday, 18 July 2006, in session 3 of the UCOWR Conference. Recommended Citation Miller, Mark, "Rainwater Harvesting for Enhanced Groundwater Recharge Through Capture of Increased Runoff from Site Development" (2006) Paper This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Conference Proceedings at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2006 by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact opensiuc@lib.siu.edu.
2 RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR ENHANCED GROUNDWATER RECHARGE THROUGH CAPTURE OF INCREASED RUNOFF FROM SITE DEVELOPMENT Mark Miller, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc., 6020, Academy NE, Suite 100, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109, , , In many parts of the western U.S. that rely on groundwater, the sustainability of aquifers is tenuous. Water supply managers have opportunities for rainwater harvesting where community development increases stormwater runoff. Stormwater control systems that increase groundwater recharge can offset the continually increasing water demands experienced in many communities. This study examined the groundwater recharge experienced on an 85-acre property that was developed in the 1980s with construction of buildings and roadways. All of the onsite storm water is routed to four earthen retention ponds. Water levels have risen in on-site monitor wells, and a water table mound has been created beneath the retention ponds. A water balance approach was used to quantify each component of the on-site hydrologic system. The site is semi-arid, with average annual precipitation of about 13 inches per year. Storm water runoff calculations showed that 82 percent of on-site precipitation was routed to the retention ponds. Two modeling approaches were used to estimate the recharge rates from the retention ponds: 1) surface infiltration model and 2) groundwater flow model. The results show that routing storm water to retention ponds results in 30 to 50 percent of onsite precipitation becoming recharge to groundwater. The results show the potential for increased groundwater recharge that could be achieved with wide-scale implementation of policies promoting rainwater harvesting. Policies to consider include: grading and drainage for on-site storm water retention, periodic sediment and vegetation removal from retention ponds, and sufficient depth to groundwater to protect water quality. Contact: Mark Miller, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc Academy NE, Suite 100, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87109, , , mmiller@dbstephens.com
3 1. Introduction Rainwater Harvesting for Enhanced Groundwater Recharge Through Capture of Increased Runoff from Site Development Mark E. Miller, P.G. In many parts of the western U.S. that rely on groundwater pumping for much or all of their water supply, declining groundwater levels adversely affect well productivity, and the sustainability of aquifers is tenuous. In order to reduce rates of aquifer depletion, water supply managers are increasingly seeking conjunctive use options to make the most of available supplies. Some communities are moving actively to limit growth due to water supply limitations and concerns that development will reduce groundwater recharge. However, development approaches can be implemented that harvest rainwater to increase groundwater recharge, thereby offsetting the continually increasing water demands experienced in many western communities. This paper describes the methods used to quantify stormwater recharge rates in a case study and discusses approaches to harvest rainwater and increase groundwater recharge, through site development planning and design. The paper discusses some of the benefits and concerns of enhanced recharge using stormwater and offers suggestions for policies to foster enhanced recharge projects. The rainwater harvesting case study examines the groundwater recharge experienced on a 34- hectare (ha) mine site that was developed in the 1980s with construction of buildings and roadways. All of the on-site stormwater is routed to four earthen retention ponds. Although the original purpose of the retention ponds was to control stormwater on-site, the ponds also function as infiltration basins when they are periodically inundated with stormwater. This study determined recharge rates and estimated the total recharge occurring over 20 years of stormwater routing to the retention ponds. Planned site development using retention basins for stormwater control offers opportunities to significantly increase recharge as compared to natural recharge. A site development example is provided to show the reduction in overall water consumption that can be achieved using rainwater harvesting for enhanced recharge. Natural recharge is very low in semiarid regions with native vegetation, generally averaging just a few millimeters per year (mm/yr). Land development adds impervious surfaces (roof tops, pavement, etc.), greatly increasing stormwater runoff. Utilizing retention basins for stormwater control can provide significant recharge, allowing communities to improve the sustainability of aquifers and reduce the water consumption impact of new growth. 2. Recharge Performance Case Study The case study site is located in a semiarid, high-desert environment, where the average annual precipitation is about 330 mm/yr. Previous investigators have estimated that natural recharge rates in the area are less than 1 percent of precipitation, or less than 3 mm/yr. A site map is provided in Figure 1, showing the areas that drain to each of the four retention ponds. The development contains:
4 31 percent impervious rooftops, roadways, and parking 57 percent bare ground with little vegetation 12 percent stormwater retention ponds Table 1 provides details of the four watersheds that contribute stormwater to the retention ponds. The site includes a 6-ha rock pile from mining activities, which has a flat and pervious top surface that does not provide runoff to the retention ponds. The area contributing stormwater runoff to the retention ponds is 28 ha. A network of 16 groundwater monitor wells, installed for environmental monitoring purposes, allowed a unique opportunity to study groundwater recharge rates from the stormwater retention ponds. Figure 1. Map of Site Drainage and Retention Ponds Water levels have risen in the monitor wells, and a water table mound has been created beneath the retention ponds. Knowing the configuration of the observed water table mound allows use of basic hydrogeologic principles to calculate the recharge rate necessary to sustain the mound. Table 1. Watershed and Retention Pond Details Area (ha) Watershed Pervious Impervious Pond Total Retention Pond A Retention Pond B Retention Pond C Retention Pond D Mine Rock Pile Total Percent 57% 31% 12% 100% The geological setting is illustrated in Figure 2; formation stratigraphy consists of the following (variable thickness): Surficial dune sand over caliche (0 to 3 meters [m] below ground surface[bgs) Gatuña Formation sediments (3 to 10 m bgs) Santa Rosa Sandstone (10 to 20 m bgs) Dewey Lake Redbeds (20 to 170 m bgs)
5 Figure 2. Geologic Profile Showing Perched Groundwater Lens The regional water table occurs in the Dewey Lake Redbeds, at a depth of approximately 60 m bgs. Drilling in the 1980s, prior to site development, showed that the vadose zone above the regional water table was unsaturated. However, drilling in 1996 found a perched groundwater lens in the Santa Rosa Sandstone with 3 to 10 m of saturated thickness, perched above the lowpermeability Dewey Lake Redbeds. The unique site conditions, including an initially unsaturated vadose zone, monitor well network, and expanding perched lens attributable to stormwater recharge, offered an opportunity to examine the increased recharge attributable to site development. 3. Recharge Quantification Methods A water balance approach was used to quantify each component of the on-site hydrologic system. Stormwater runoff calculations showed that stormwater runoff routed to the retention ponds averages 7.5 hectare meter per year (ha m/yr) (= 75,000 m 3 ). This runoff amounts to 82 percent of precipitation falling on the 28 ha that drain to the retention ponds, or 68 percent of the precipitation on the entire 34-ha site. Two modeling approaches were used to estimate the recharge rates from the retention ponds: Surface infiltration model: UNSAT-H calculated seepage based on soil hydraulic properties and evapotranspiration rates from vegetation in the ponds (Fayer 2000). Groundwater flow model: MODFLOW-SURFACT calculated recharge from the groundwater mound configuration using aquifer hydraulic properties from monitor well testing (Harbaugh and McDonald 1996; Hydrogeologic 1999). 3.1 Surface Infiltration Model The UNSAT-H surface infiltration model uses a one-dimensional finite element version of the Richard s equation to simulate infiltration in variably saturated media as a function of environmental conditions such as climate, soil type, and vegetation. The model accounts for
6 redistribution of moisture in the soil profile and provides a robust consideration of evapotranspiration losses. The model determines seepage exiting the base of a 2-m soil profile set up in the model domain, with downward seepage migrating vertically into the underlying bedrock to become recharge to the perched water lens. The UNSAT-H model was run for a 5-year interval from 1997 through 2001, when detailed climatological records were available as model input. The UNSAT-H results are presented in Figures 3 and 4. In the UNSAT-H modeling results, infiltration represents the flux into the top surface of the model domain, and seepage represents the flux from the bottom of the model domain contributing recharge. Up to several meters of water in cumulative water depth is discharged to the stormwater ponds in a given year; up to 1.5 m of standing water fills the retention ponds after large storm events. Evapotranspiration losses are relatively small components of the water budget, and most water discharged to the ponds seeps into the deep subsurface, becoming recharge. Figure 3. Surface Water Infiltration Results for Retention Pond A Figure 4. UNSAT-H Predicted Seepage Rates
7 As shown in Figure 4, recharge rates from individual retention ponds range from 0.1 to 6.2 ha m/yr (1,000 to 62,000 m 3 /yr). During the 5-year period of analysis, the combined annual recharge from all four retention ponds is estimated to average 4.7 ha m/yr (47,000 m 3 /yr). During the timeframe analyzed, the average annual precipitation was below the long-term average at 229 mm/yr, amounting to an annual average of 7.8 ha m/yr (78,000 m 3 /yr) of precipitation falling on-site. The estimated recharge rate is therefore approximately 60 percent of the on-site precipitation, with the remaining 40 percent of on-site precipitation lost to evapotranspiration. 3.2 Groundwater Flow Model The MODFLOW-SURFACT model was used for transient analysis of variably saturated conditions to simulate recharge to the observed water table mound below the retention ponds and to project long-term expansion of the perched lens. Hydraulic characteristics in the model were based on pumping and slug test results from on-site monitor wells, and boundary conditions were set based on formation characteristics. The modeling considered variable recharge rates needed to simulate the observed water level hydrographs from monitor wells for the period of record available from 1996 to Recharge rates fluctuated from year to year, based on long-term precipitation records, with seepage partitioned among the various retention ponds. The model was first run in a calibration mode from 1981, when site development began, until water levels were matched in 2002 (Figure 5). The model was then run in a predictive mode to estimate effects of continuing recharge on the expanding perched lens for 100 years until Figure 5 Simulated Perched Lens Saturated Thickness Contours for 2002 The MODFLOW-SURFACT model was able to accurately simulate the observed perched water levels, using transient recharge rates that average 4.3 ha m/yr (43,000 m 3 /yr). Over the 22- year calibration period simulated, these recharge rates amount to a total recharge of 95 ha m (950,000 m 3 ); considering initial moisture in the formation, the perched lens water volume amounts to approximately 120 ha m (1,200,000 m 3 ), covering an area of approximately 210 ha. For predictive simulations, the MODFLOW-SURFACT model was expanded to include a 16-square mile area, with an upper perched lens horizon in the Santa Rosa Sandstone and lower regional aquifer horizon in the Dewey Lake Redbeds (Figure 6). Downward leakage from the perched lens contributes recharge to the regional aquifer, with downward fluxes limited by the relatively low permeability of the Dewey Lake. The model accounts for formation hydraulic characteristics and structural features at contacts
8 between the formations. The rate of downward leakage from the upper to lower layer in the model was constrained by the surface recharge rate, which must be sufficient to create the observed perched lens. Figure 7 shows the model results for the perched groundwater lens in Figure 8 shows the long-term increase in saturated thickness in the regional aquifer by 2102, resulting from continued stormwater recharge from the retention ponds and downward leakage from the perched lens to the regional aquifer. The MODFLOW-SURFACT Figure 6. Groundwater Recharge Simulation to modeling results show that routing Perched and Regional Aquifers stormwater to retention ponds results in approximately 40 percent of on-site precipitation becoming recharge to groundwater (0.13 ha m/yr of recharge per ha on the developed property). The results from this case study show the potential for increased groundwater recharge that can be achieved by planning site development to manage stormwater with retention basins designed to maximize recharge. 4. Benefits and Concerns of Enhanced Stormwater Recharge Enhanced recharge of stormwater offers the potential to significantly supplement groundwater supplies through wide-scale implementation of policies for site development design practices that promote groundwater recharge. To capitalize on stormwater recharge, policies must be implemented at (1) the state level to provide incentives for return flow water rights credits, and (2) the local level to require stormwater control systems that maximize recharge rather than routing stormwater off-site. 4.1 Site Development Example Figure 7. Perched Lens Saturated Thickness in 2002 An example of the enhanced recharge approach in site development is offered in the following scenario. Consider a residential subdivision being planned with enhanced recharge objectives that will provide grading and drainage design to route stormwater to retention ponds with rapid infiltration capacity of at least 0.3 meter per day.
9 The 50-ha development will include the following: 40 ha with 15 homes per ha (600 homes) 10 ha of roads and common areas Household consumption of 500 m 3 /yr for a total demand of 30 ha m/yr (300,000 m 3 /yr) Average annual precipitation of 330 mm/yr for a total of 16 ha m/yr Recharge rate of 50 percent of precipitation, providing 8 ha m/yr return flow Net consumption from aquifer of 22 ha m/yr, a reduction of 26 percent below the household consumption Figure 8. Increase to Regional Aquifer Saturated Thickness in 2102 The recharge rate in this example is consistent with the findings of the case study, and the precipitation is typical of many areas in the western U.S. that are experiencing aquifer depletion. Assuming the water supply is pumped from wells in the same aquifer being recharged, the net impact on the aquifer is substantially reduced. This example shows that significant groundwater recharge may be realized through designed stormwater retention systems that harvest the increased runoff occurring after development creates large areas of impervious surfaces. The recharge results for a development will depend on construction density, precipitation rates, and the hydrogeologic setting. 4.2 Water Rights Considerations Harvesting stormwater for enhanced recharge is subject to state water rights laws. Water law may not allow for stormwater capture due to concerns that runoff may be diminished to downstream watercourses and water rights holders. However, most runoff from developed areas is due to construction of impervious surfaces that greatly increase runoff, and capture of this stormwater therefore has little impact on the runoff that occurs under natural conditions. Much of the stormwater captured for recharge from a developed area would be lost to evapotranspiration under natural, vegetated conditions. Updates to state regulations should be considered that provide for return flow credits for groundwater recharge from designed stormwater containment systems. Mechanisms to quantify the recharge will be needed to establish the amount of return flow credits granted. In this way, recharge systems have value in offsetting the water demands of new and existing development.
10 Quantifying recharge to obtain return flow credits for rainwater harvesting should account for the total amounts of stormwater, recharge rates considering evaporative losses, and travel time for recharge to reach the aquifer. In the case study described above, travel times for recharge to reach the perched groundwater lens were found to be on the order of months, with precipitation events causing noticeable water table responses. Typical downward migration is in the range of months to years, but within reasonable timeframes to provide substantive benefits to the aquifer. 4.3 Concerns Associated with Enhanced Recharge Certain concerns exist regarding enhanced recharge of stormwater, most notably (1) suitability of hydrogeologic conditions to benefit the aquifer and (2) possible groundwater quality impacts. Only recharge projects that demonstrate benefits to the aquifer and water quality protection should be pursued. Suitable hydrogeologic conditions for enhanced groundwater recharge include: Sufficient permeability of vadose zone geologic materials Aquifer water quality that makes recharge an asset Reasonable travel time to the aquifer Ability to capture the recharged water using wells, or other benefit to the aquifer, including increased water levels or return flow to support surface water systems Adequate infiltration rates for ponds to dry periodically to maintain soil permeability and to avoid pests and nuisances Enhanced stormwater recharge must only use stormwater of adequate quality to prevent adverse impacts to groundwater quality. Several considerations are important to maintain the quality of stormwater and groundwater: Appropriate land use is essential, such as residential, rooftops, light industrial, etc. where generally good stormwater quality is typical. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) polishes water quality during transport from the surface to groundwater. Depth to groundwater should be sufficient to provide travel times of months to years while water quality improvements occur. Best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality protection should be implemented. Engineered stormwater pretreatment systems are available to reduce contaminant loads. Public outreach and education programs should be implemented to avoid contaminant releases. An increasing number of design alternatives and products are available to implement BMPs and control stormwater on-site, while avoiding contaminant impacts. Stormwater control systems, such as porous pavement and subsurface detention and exfiltration systems, recharge stormwater rather than manage stormwater runoff. These engineered systems are often used
11 where space constraints exist. Where sufficient land is available, stormwater retention ponds can also provide substantial recharge at a relatively low cost. 5. Conclusions and Recommendations Planning site development projects to promote rainwater harvesting by capturing runoff in stormwater retention ponds can result in approximately half of the on-site precipitation being returned to groundwater recharge. In the case study presented here, two independent calculation methods one using runoff calculations and infiltration modeling and the other, groundwater flow modeling provided relatively consistent recharge estimates in the range of 40 to 60 percent of precipitation becoming recharge. The creation of a perched groundwater lens at the case study site conclusively demonstrates the increase in recharge that occurred following site development. The observed recharge was experienced without efforts to maximize recharge rates; therefore, engineered stormwater containment systems may provide even better recharge performance. Implementing public policies to encourage rainwater harvesting for enhanced groundwater recharge can play a role in moving toward sustainability of groundwater supplies. Equally important, groundwater quality must be protected by implementing stormwater BMPs and limiting recharge projects to locations with suitable hydrogeologic conditions, vadose zone thickness, and travel time to supply wells. Methods are available to quantify recharge rates to provide return-flow water rights credits, if states will foster this approach. The potential impact of broader use of enhanced stormwater recharge systems should be evaluated at local and regional levels to improve understanding of the benefits that enhanced recharge may provide for aquifer sustainability. In comparison to the many large-scale recharge projects that have been implemented, on-site rainwater harvesting is a small-scale approach that can be implemented widely in numerous stormwater recharge projects. Planning site development to enhance recharge offers promise to achieve significant recharge improvements with widespread application. References Cited Fayer, M.J UNSAT-H Version 3.0: Unsaturated soil water and heat flow model. Publ. PNNL Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Harbaugh, A.W., and M.G. McDonald User's documentation for MODFLOW-96, an update to the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report , 56p. Hydrogeologic, Inc MODFLOW-SURFACT software documentation, Version 2.0. Author contact information: Mark E. Miller, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc Academy Rd NE, Suite 100 Albuquerque, New Mexico Phone: (505) mmiller@dbstephens.com
A Role for Dispersed Groundwater Recharge Systems to Balance the Effects of Hydromodification
ABSTRACT & POWERPOINT PRESENTATION A Role for Dispersed Groundwater Recharge Systems to Balance the Effects of Hydromodification Daniel B. Stephens, Ph.D. Principal Hydrologist Daniel B. Stephens & Associates,
More informationNumerical Modeling of Groundwater Flow in the Navajo Sandstone Aquifer at the Tuba City, Arizona, Disposal Site 15167
Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Flow in the Navajo Sandstone Aquifer at the Tuba City, Arizona, Disposal Site 15167 ABSTRACT Richard Bush*, Timothy Bartlett** *US DOE, Office of Legacy Management **Stoller
More informationQuantifying Return Flow to Groundwater: What's in the Tool Box?
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC 2006 Conference Proceedings 7-19-2006 Quantifying Return Flow to Groundwater: What's in the Tool Box? Daniel B. Stephens Daniel B. Stephens & Associates
More informationGeneral Groundwater Concepts
General Groundwater Concepts Hydrologic Cycle All water on the surface of the earth and underground are part of the hydrologic cycle (Figure 1), driven by natural processes that constantly transform water
More informationAPI SOIL & GROUNDWATER RESEARCH BULLETIN
American API SOIL & GROUNDWATER RESEARCH BULLETIN A summary of research results from API s Soil and Groundwater Technical Task Force. No. 2 March 1997 Estimation of Infiltration and Recharge for Environmental
More informationn4.1 Site Assessment for Runoff Reduction Requirements
Chapter 4 Smart Design for Stormwater Management 4.1 Site Assessment for Runoff Reduction Requirements 4.2 Site Water Balance 4.3 Runoff Reduction Volume 4.4 Runoff Treatment Volume 4.5 Flood Control and
More informationPredicting seasonal variation and mounding of groundwater in shallow groundwater systems
Predicting seasonal variation and mounding of groundwater in shallow groundwater systems Mr Kelly Norris Senior Engineer, Essential Environmental, Perth, Australia E-mail: kelly@essentialenvironmental.com.au
More informationGroundwater in the Santa Rosa Plain
. Groundwater in the Santa Rosa Plain Marcus Trotta, PG, CHg Principal Hydrogeologist Sonoma County Water Agency Santa Rosa Plain Groundwater Sustainability Agency October 12, 2017 www.sonomacountywater.org
More informationFlux-Based Evaluation of Perched-Water in the Deep Vadose Zone at the Hanford Site 14051
Flux-Based Evaluation of Perched-Water in the Deep Vadose Zone at the Hanford Site 14051 Michael Truex * and Mart Oostrom * * Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ABSTRACT Perched-water conditions have
More informationLesson 37: Low-Impact Urban Development
Lesson 37: Low-Impact Urban Development 53:171 Water Resources Engineering Low-Impact Development (LID) LID is a site design strategy with a goal of maintaining or replicating the predevelopment hydrologic
More informationPlanning Considerations for Stormwater Management in Alberta. R. D. (Rick) Carnduff, M. Eng., P. Eng. February 20, 2013.
Planning Considerations for Stormwater Management in Alberta R. D. (Rick) Carnduff, M. Eng., P. Eng. February 20, 2013 Photo Optional Purpose The purpose of urban stormwater management is to provide solutions
More informationPredicting Groundwater Sustainability: What Tools, Models and Data are Available?
Predicting Groundwater Sustainability: What Tools, Models and Data are Available? Ray Wuolo Barr Engineering Company Assessing Sustainability is All About: Predicting (or describing) how potentiometric
More informationMunicipal Groundwater Flow Modelling Study. Town of Torbay, NL
Municipal Groundwater Flow Modelling Study Town of Torbay, NL October 19, 2015 Agenda 1 Purpose 2 What is a Groundwater Model 3 Approach 4 Conceptual Model & GW Flow Model Construction 5 Model Predictions
More informationHydrologic Cycle. Rain Shadow:
Hydrologic Cycle The cyclical movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere by evaporation, to the surface through precipitation, to streams through runoff and groundwater, and back to the ocean.
More informationOptimizing Recharge in the Pauba Valley
ABSTRACT & POWERPOINT PRESENTATION Optimizing Recharge in the Pauba Valley Daniel J. Craig Senior Hydrgeologist Alameda, California Managed Aquifer Recharge Symposium January 25-26, 2011 Irvine, California
More informationGROUNDWATER MODELING OF A PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER TO ENHANCE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
GROUNDWATER MODELING OF A PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER TO ENHANCE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE K.C. Scott, P.G., and D. J. Folkes, P.E. EnviroGroup Limited, 7208 South Tucson Way, Suite 125, Englewood, CO 80112; Phone:
More informationCENTRAL COAST POST-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE SERIES 1
CENTRAL COAST POST-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE SERIES 1 SERIES ISSUE #2: DECENTRALIZED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT TO COMPLY WITH RUNOFF RETENTION POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
More informationPhysically-based Distributed Hydrologic Modeling
Physically-based Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Goal of Phys.-based Distrib. Hydrologic Modeling To date we have learned about: Key forcings at land surface (precipitation/net radiation) Physical processes
More informationReference Guideline #1. Hydrogeological Impact Assessment
Reference Guideline #1 Hydrogeological Impact Assessment Reference Guideline #1 Hydrogeological Impact Assessment Hydrogeological assessments are required for some subdivision applications when triggered
More informationAQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY EVALUATION REPORT
AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY EVALUATION REPORT Prepared for: CLALLAM COUNTY 228 East 4 th Street, Port Angeles, WA 98362 Prepared by: 12100 NE 195 th Street, Suite 200, Bothell, WA 99011 July 2003 TABLE
More informationDYNFLOW accepts various types of boundary conditions on the groundwater flow system including:
Section 6 Groundwater Flow Model A groundwater flow model was developed to evaluate groundwater flow patterns in the site area and to provide a basis for contaminant transport modeling. 6.1 Model Code
More informationContinuous Simulation Modeling of Stormwater Ponds, Lakes, & Wetlands: A BUILT-IN APPLICATION OF PONDS 3.2
Continuous Simulation Modeling of Stormwater Ponds, Lakes, & Wetlands: A BUILT-IN APPLICATION OF PONDS 3.2 PRESENTED AT THE SFWMD WORKSHOP PRE-DEVELOPMENT VERSUS POST DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF VOLUME ANALYSIS
More informationHydrogeology of Prince Edward Island
Hydrogeology of Prince Edward Island General Characteristics and Groundwater on Prince Edward Island General Characteristics and Key Issues Issues PEI Dept. of Environment, Energy and Forestry 9/29/2009
More informationIssue paper: Aquifer Water Balance
Issue paper: Aquifer Water Balance 1. Introduction And Background 1.1. Purpose and Scope The population in Kitsap County has grown rapidly in recent years and is expected to increase substantially in the
More informationStormwater Retention Pond Recovery Analysis
Stormwater Retention Pond Recovery Analysis By Nicolas E Andreyev The first in a series of courses on Green Drainage Design www.suncam.com Page 1 of 33 Forward To design a stormwater retention pond, one
More informationPennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Chapter 3. Stormwater Management Principles and Recommended Control Guidelines
Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Chapter 3 Stormwater Management Principles and Recommended Control Guidelines 363-0300-002 / December 30, 2006 Chapter 3 Stormwater Management Principles
More informationDesign Example Residential Subdivision
Design Example Residential Subdivision Rhode Island Stormwater Design and Installation Standards Manual December 2010 Public Training March 22, 2010 Richard Claytor, P.E. 508-833-6600 Appendix D: Site
More informationSan Mateo Plain Groundwater Basin Assessment Stakeholder Workshop #8 17 APRIL 2018
San Mateo Plain Groundwater Basin Assessment Stakeholder Workshop #8 17 APRIL 2018 PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Introductions Project Overview Summary of Analysis Supporting Model Development Model Development
More informationEffect of the Underlying Groundwater System on the Rate of Infiltration of Stormwater Infiltration Structures.
Effect of the Underlying Groundwater System on the Rate of Infiltration of Stormwater Infiltration Structures. Presented at: Storm Water Infiltration & Groundwater Recharge A Conference on Reducing Runoff
More informationWSUD On-site Detention in xprafts 2013
WSUD On-site Detention in xprafts 2013 Content 1. Introduction of ODS 2. General a. Impervious Area b. Pervious Area Capture c. Average Allotment Density d. Developed Area/Total Area 3. On-site Detention
More information4.4 MODEL CODE DESCRIPTION 4.5 WATER SOURCES AND SINKS 4.6 MODEL DOMAIN AND BOUNDARIES. SLR South Africa
Page 4-18 The developed model should therefore be seen as an initial site model which should be refined and recalibrated once more groundwater monitoring and other data become available. 4.4 MODEL CODE
More informationGroundwater Level and Movement
Groundwater Level and Movement Infiltration and Recharge Infiltration Entry of rain water into the ground. Recharge Addition of infiltrated water to the aquifer. Two types of Recharge- 1. Natural 2. Artificial
More informationB-7. Predictive Assessment Model of Quaternary Alluvium Hydrogeology. J:\scopes\04w018\10000\FVD reports\final EIA\r-EIA app.doc
B-7 Model of Quaternary Alluvium Hydrogeology J:\scopes\04w018\10000\FVD reports\final EIA\r-EIA app.doc PREDICTIVE ASSESSMENT MODELING OF THE QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM HYDROGEOLOGY EAGLE PROJECT MARQUETTE COUNTY,
More informationGroundwater Recharge from Agricultural Areas in the Flatwoods Region of South Florida 1
ABE 370 Groundwater Recharge from Agricultural Areas in the Flatwoods Region of South Florida 1 Sanjay Shukla and Fouad H. Jaber 2 Introduction Groundwater provides freshwater for drinking, agricultural
More informationLAKE LABELLE DEWATERING MODEL. AUTHOR Gail Murray Doyle, P.G. September Murray Consultants, Inc 769 Skyview Dr Hayesville, NC
LAKE LABELLE DEWATERING MODEL AUTHOR Gail Murray Doyle, P.G. September 2013 Murray Consultants, Inc 769 Skyview Dr Hayesville, NC 28904 828-389-2476 LAKE LABELLE DEWATERING MODEL INTRODUCTION Purpose The
More informationModeling catchment scale infiltration
Modeling catchment scale infiltration Serena Ceola, DICAM, University of Bologna Advanced Hydrology & Water Resources Management INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE: Understanding the processes and the methods for
More informationWisconsin s Buried Treasure: Groundwater Basics. Kevin Masarik Center for Watershed Science and Education
Wisconsin s Buried Treasure: Groundwater Basics Kevin Masarik Center for Watershed Science and Education Groundwater is Valuable to Wisconsin 95% of Wisconsin Communities 75% of Wisconsin Citizens rely
More informationPotential effects evaluation of dewatering an underground mine on surface water and groundwater located in a rural area
Potential effects evaluation of dewatering an underground mine on surface water and groundwater located in a rural area ITRODUCTIO Michel Mailloux* Eng. M.Sc, Vincent Boisvert, M.Sc, Denis Millette, Eng.,
More informationPERFORMANCE OF AN ENGINEERED COVER SYSTEM FOR A URANIUM MINE WASTE ROCK PILE IN NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN AFTER SIX YEARS
PERFORMANCE OF AN ENGINEERED COVER SYSTEM FOR A URANIUM MINE WASTE ROCK PILE IN NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN AFTER SIX YEARS B. Ayres, P.Eng. 1 M. O Kane, P.Eng. 1 L. Barber 1 D. Hiller 2 D. Helps 2 ABSTRACT
More informationPIMA COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN CO PIMA COUNTY REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN POLICY MAJOR PLAN AMENDMENT
PIMA COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN CO7-07-04 PIMA COUNTY REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN POLICY MAJOR PLAN AMENDMENT Arizona law [A.R.S. 11-821(C)(3)] requires: Planning for water resources that addresses: a)
More informationBallard Phase I/Retrofit Supplemental Monitoring Plan
MEMORANDUM Ballard Phase I/Retrofit Supplemental Monitoring Plan PREPARED FOR: Seattle Public Utilities PREPARED BY: CH2M HILL DATE: August 17, 2012 Introduction This memo summarizes the plans for and
More informationORDINANCE # 854. Stormwater Management / Operation and Maintenance Requirements
ORDINANCE # 854 Stormwater Management / Operation and Maintenance Requirements Section 1. Purpose and Authority In accordance with the provisions of Chapters 98, 124, 126, 440, 444, and 446h of the General
More informationApplying Polyacrylamide (PAM) to Reduce Seepage Loss of Water Through Unlined Canals
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC 2008 Conference Proceedings 7-2008 Applying Polyacrylamide (PAM) to Reduce Seepage Loss of Water Through Unlined Canals Jianting Zhu Desert Research Institute
More informationChapter 6. Hydrology. 6.0 Introduction. 6.1 Design Rainfall
6.0 Introduction This chapter summarizes methodology for determining rainfall and runoff information for the design of stormwater management facilities in the City. The methodology is based on the procedures
More informationHydrogeology 101 3/7/2011
Hydrogeology 101 W. Richard Laton, Ph.D., PG, CPG Associate Professor of Hydrogeology California State University, Fullerton Department of Geological Sciences 1 Hydrogeology 101 The objective is to obtain
More informationLAKE LABELLE ENGINEERING REPORT
154 N. Bridge Street, LaBelle, Florida 33935 -Tel: (863) 612-0011 Fax: (863) 612-0014 - email: rock@rockhendry.com LAKE LABELLE ENGINEERING REPORT PREPARED FOR Lake LaBelle, LLC March 2014 PREPARED BY:
More informationIntroduction. Welcome to the Belgium Study Abroad Program. Courses:
Introduction Welcome to the Belgium Study Abroad Program Courses: AGSM 335: Soil and Water Management BAEN 460: Principals of Environmental Hydrology BAEN 460 / AGSM 335 Combined lecture and HW sessions
More informationEvaluating Impoundment Closure Scenarios using Fate and Transport Modeling
2017 World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference in Lexington, KY - May 9-11, 2017 http://www.flyash.info/ Evaluating Impoundment Closure Scenarios using Fate and Transport Modeling Jacob J. Walczak 1, Meng Wang
More informationGROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS AWRA SUMMER SPECIALTY CONFERENCE Judith Schenk'
July 1-3 GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS AWRA SUMMER SPECIALTY CONFERENCE 2002 326x6 pjf= INTEGRATION OF DATA USING GIS AND STATEPP TO ESTIMATE GROUNDWATER MODEL INPUT PARAMETERS Judith Schenk'
More informationNumerical Groundwater Model for the Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District
Numerical Groundwater Model for the Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District Nels Ruud and Peter Leffler Fugro West, Inc. Larry Dotson Kaweah Delta Water Conservation District Presentation Outline Background
More informationgroundwater. Because watersheds are complex systems, each tends to respond differently to natural or human activities.
The private development of Altos del María is located at an altitude between 550 and 1,000 meters above sea level in the environmentally sensitive Cordillera Central of Panama that separates the Pacific
More informationChapter 3 Dispersion BMPs
Chapter 3 Dispersion BMPs 3.1 BMP L611 Concentrated Flow Dispersion 3.1.1 Purpose and Definition Dispersion of concentrated flows from driveways or other pavement through a vegetated pervious area attenuates
More informationCHELTENHAM TOWNSHIP Chapter 290: WATERSHED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Article IV: Stormwater Management
CHELTENHAM TOWNSHIP Chapter 290: WATERSHED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Article IV: Stormwater Management Online ECode Available on Cheltenham Township Website at: http://ecode360.com/14477578 For all regulated
More informationAssessment of the Groundwater Quantity Resulting from Artificial Recharge by Ponds at Ban Nong Na, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Research article erd Assessment of the Groundwater Quantity Resulting from Artificial Recharge by Ponds at Ban Nong Na, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand SIRIRAT UPPASIT* Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen
More informationLecture 11: Water Flow; Soils and the Hydrologic Cycle
Lecture 11: Water Flow; Soils and the Hydrologic Cycle Water Flow in Soils Types of Water Flow in Soil Saturated flow: Soil pores completely filled with water; controlled by the hydrostatic potential After
More informationSTORMWATER RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY IMPACT REVIEW
SUBCHAPTER 8 STORMWATER RUNOFF AND WATER QUALITY IMPACT REVIEW 7:45-8.1 Purpose and scope of review Except for those projects expressly exempted by this chapter or waived by the Commission, the Commission
More informationPREDEVELOPMENT VERSUS POSTDEVELOPMENT VOLUME ANALYSIS: An Application of Continuous Simulation Modeling using PONDS Version 3 Software
PREDEVELOPMENT VERSUS POSTDEVELOPMENT VOLUME ANALYSIS: An Application of Continuous Simulation Modeling using PONDS Version 3 Software PRESENTATION TO: SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT RFP No. C-8501
More informationProject/Research Sponsors. Why Manage Stormwater? Why Manage Stormwater? Why Manage Stormwater? Soils. Applications to Stormwater Management
Applications to Stormwater Management Project/Research Sponsors Presented by: Mr. Brian Oram, PG, PASEO Soil Scientist Wilkes University Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Wilkes - Barre, PA
More information3F. Hydrology and Water Quality
This section provides an analysis of potential hydrological and water quality impacts associated with implementation of the proposed project. The section also evaluates and describes the potential impacts
More informationGrounding Water: An Exploration of the Unseen World Beneath Our Feet
1 Grounding Water: An Exploration of the Unseen World Beneath Our Feet Kerry Schwartz, Director, Arizona Project WET Protect Your Groundwater Day: Tuesday, September 9, 2014 What I Hope to Convey Groundwater
More informationCOON CREEK WATERSHED DISTRICT PERMIT REVIEW. Spring Lake Park Schools Westwood Middle School st Avenue NE, Spring Lake Park, MN 55432
PAN 16-112, Westwood Middle School, Page 1 of 6 COON CREEK WATERSHED DISTRICT PERMIT REVIEW MEETING DATE: August 22, 2016 AGENDA NUMBER: 10 FILE NUMBER: 16-112 ITEM: Westwood Middle School RECOMMENDATION:
More information5. MODEL DESCRIPTION Several models were used in combination to estimate the impacts of the proposed 100,000 acre-ft dryyear yield program. MODFLOW and MODPATH were used to estimate the groundwater and
More informationLID PLANTER BOX MODELING
LID PLANTER BOX MODELING Clear Creek Solutions, Inc., 2010 Low Impact Development (LID) planter boxes are small, urban stormwater mitigation facilities. They are rain gardens in a box. WWHM4 provides the
More informationGROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS 1-3 AWRA SUMMER SPECIALTY CONFERENCE 2002
JULY,. I GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS 1-3 AWRA SUMMER SPECIALTY CONFERENCE 2002 MODELING FLOW AT THE STREAM-AQUIFER INTERFACE A REVIEW OF THIS FEATURE IN TOOLS OF THE TRADE Varda S. Blum', Deborah
More informationParaprofessional Training Session 1
Paraprofessional Training Session 1 Part 2: Stormwater Basics November 26, 2012 Rutgers University, Cook Campus Christopher C. Obropta, Ph.D., P.E. Extension Specialist in Water Resources Associate Professor
More informationJune 27, 2012 Holly Galavotti U.S. EPA
June 27, 2012 Holly Galavotti U.S. EPA Urban stormwater is a leading source of water quality impairment Urban stormwater identified as source of impairment (2004 WQ Report) 22,559 miles of impaired rivers
More informationNovel Modeling Approach to Understand the Fate of Infiltrated Water at Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Philadelphia, PA
Novel Modeling Approach to Understand the Fate of Infiltrated Water at Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Philadelphia, PA Matt Gamache 1*, Daniel O Rourke 2, and Mark Maimone 3 1 CDM Smith, Boston, Massachusetts
More informationHydromodification Management Measures
Chapter 7 Hydromodification Management Measures This Chapter summarizes the requirements for controlling erosive flows from development projects. 7.1 Why Require Hydromodification Management? Changes in
More informationHydromodification Management Measures
Chapter 7 Hydromodification Management Measures This Chapter summarizes the requirements for controlling erosive flows from development projects. 7.1 Why Require Hydromodification Management? Changes in
More informationCENTRALIZED BMPS TYPICALLY PUBLICLY OWNED & MAINTAINED BMPS, TREATING A LARGE (>20 ACRES) URBAN DRAINAGE WITH MULTIPLE LAND
BMP RAM BMP Type Definitions 1 CENTRALIZED BMPS TYPICALLY PUBLICLY OWNED & MAINTAINED BMPS, TREATING A LARGE (>20 ACRES) URBAN DRAINAGE WITH MULTIPLE LAND USES AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURAL BMP TYPE OTHER NAMES
More informationGroundwater basics. Groundwater and surface water: a single resource. Pore Spaces. Simplified View
Groundwater and surface water: a single resource Santa Cruz River, Tucson Groundwater basics Groundwater is water found within the pore spaces of geologic material beneath the surface of the Earth. It
More informationModeling Irrigation Systems in Semi-Arid Regions: Current Status & Emerging Needs for SWAT
Modeling Systems in Semi-Arid Regions: Current Status & Emerging Needs for SWAT Ryan T. Bailey Timothy K. Gates Miles Daly SWAT Conference, Oct. 15 Irrigated Stream-Aquifer Systems Salts, N, P Salts, N,
More informationDetermination of Design Infiltration Rates for the Sizing of Infiltration based Green Infrastructure Facilities
Determination of Design Infiltration Rates for the Sizing of Infiltration based Green Infrastructure Facilities 1 Introduction This document, developed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
More information4. Groundwater Resources
4. Groundwater Resources 4-1 Majority (97 %) of unfrozen fresh water on earth exists as groundwater. In comparison to surface water, - groundwater is available all year around - groundwater is mostly invisible
More information5. Water Budget Implementation Procedures
5. Water Budget Implementation Procedures 5.1 General The purpose of the watershed level water budget is to determine the volume of surface and groundwater available for the benefit of both human populations
More informationDefinitions 3/16/2010. GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology
GG22A: GEOSPHERE & HYDROSPHERE Hydrology Definitions Streamflow volume of water in a river passing a defined point over a specific time period = VxA discharge m 3 s -1 Runoff excess precipitation - precipitation
More informationRemediation of Brine Spills- What Goes Wrong Kerry Sublette
Remediation of Brine Spills- What Goes Wrong Kerry Sublette University of Tulsa Spills of produced water or brine on soil result in two types of damage: Excess salinity Creates an osmotic imbalance that
More informationStormwater Control Plan for Post Construction Requirements Exhibit 4
Stormwater Control Plan for Post Construction Requirements Exhibit 4 Application Submittal Where directions state Done that means no additional information or forms below that point needs to be filled
More informationSUPPORTING DOCUMENT STORMWATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMP) INFEASIBILITY WORKSHEET FOR ON-SITE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
SUPPORTING DOCUMENT STORMWATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMP) INFEASIBILITY WORKSHEET FOR ON-SITE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT All Best Management Practices (BMPs) are considered feasible until demonstrated otherwise.
More informationCredit Calculations and Calculator Functions
MIDS Work Group Meeting May 20, 2010 Credit Calculations and Calculator Functions p-gen3-13c Today s Goals The Foundation for the Credits & Calculator Discuss proposed calculations Performance goal requirement
More informationGroundwater and surface water: a single resource. Santa Cruz River, Tucson
Groundwater and surface water: a single resource Santa Cruz River, Tucson 1942 1989 1 Groundwater basics Groundwater is water found within the pore spaces of geologic material beneath the surface of the
More informationGROUNDWATER RECHARGE. Clear Creek Solutions, Inc., 2010
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Clear Creek Solutions, Inc., 2010 Groundwater provides the base flow to streams and wetlands during dry periods. Groundwater also recharges aquifers and provides water for residential,
More informationEnvironmental Data Management and Modeling, Niagara Falls Storage Site Lewiston, New York
Environmental Data Management and Modeling, Niagara Falls Storage Site Lewiston, New York Eric Evans and Don DeMarco HydroGeoLogic, Inc. May 7, 2008 Mr. Eric Evans, M.Sc., P.G. is a Senior Hydrogeologist
More informationUnderstanding the Water System
W Water Is a Natural Resource Understanding the Water System Cost WATER QUALITY in KENTUCKY The Water Cycle Figure 1. Trends in Water Withdrawals and Population, 1950 to 1995. Millions of People/Billion
More informationFor Simulation of Hydrologic and Water Quality Processes in Irrigated Agricultural Watersheds
For Simulation of Hydrologic and Water Quality Processes in Irrigated Agricultural Watersheds By Tyler Wible, Jeff Ditty, Dr. Ryan Bailey, Dr. Mazdak Arabi Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado
More informationAppendix 10-A. Optional Recharge Volume Approach
Appendix 10-A Optional Recharge Volume Approach Table of Contents APPENDIX SECTION HEADINGS 10-A.0 INTRODUCTION 10-A-2 10-A.1 Horsely Method for Determining Recharge Volumes 10-A-2 10-A.1.1 Basis for Determining
More informationIV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS G. HYDROLOGY/WATER QUALITY
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS G. HYDROLOGY/WATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The project site is located in the Wilshire community of the City of Los Angeles and is bound by S. Wetherly Drive to
More informationManaged Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Practical Techniques for the Caribbean
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Practical Techniques for the Caribbean Scope of Presentation What is MAR? Antigua and Barbuda water resources issues Why promote MAR? MAR: Techniques MAR: Design criteria
More informationAdjusting NRCS Curve Number for Rainfall Durations Less Than 24 Hours
Journal of South Carolina Water Resources Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 43-47, 2016 Adjusting NRCS Curve Number for Rainfall Durations Less Than 24 Hours Michael E. Meadows AUTHOR: Associate Professor, Department
More informationHydrology for Drainage Design. Design Considerations Use appropriate design tools for the job at hand:
Hydrology for Drainage Design Robert Pitt Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL Objectives for Urban Drainage Systems are Varied Ensure personal safety
More informationGroundwater. Importance of Groundwater. The Water Table. Geol 104: Groundwater
Groundwater Subsurface water contained in soil and bedrock. There is ~ 60 times as much water underground than in freshwater streams and lakes. Source of groundwater is rain and snow. Represents the infiltration
More informationModeling Infiltration BMPs
Modeling Infiltration BMPs CAHILL ASSOCIATES Environmental Consultants West Chester, PA (610) 696-4150 www.thcahill.com Design Goals for Calculations 1. Mitigate Peak Rates 2-Year to 100-Year 2. No Volume
More informationCharacterizing Groundwater and Surface- Water Interactions in Selected Northeast Twin Cities Lakes
Characterizing Groundwater and Surface- Water Interactions in Selected Northeast Twin Cities Lakes Chapter A: Statistical Analysis and Field Study Chapter B: Groundwater-Flow Simulation Perry M. Jones,
More informationLow Impact Development (LID) Structures for Groundwater Management and Watershed Protection in the AMRC10 Watershed, El Paso Texas
Low Impact Development (LID) Structures for Groundwater Management and Watershed Protection in the AMRC10 Watershed, El Paso Texas Focus Category: Conservation, Hydrology, Models Keywords: Groundwater
More informationChippewa County Groundwater Study 3 rd Public outreach meeting
Chippewa County Groundwater Study 3 rd Public outreach meeting Today s outline Brief review of hydrogeology (USGS) Brief overview of the groundwater study (WGNHS) Subsurface data collection and hydrostratigraphy
More informationSupplemental Guide II-Delineations
Supplemental Guide II-Delineations Contents Source Water Protection Area Delineation... 1 Delineation Criteria for Systems Using Groundwater Sources... 2 Time of Travel... 4 Flow Boundaries... 4 Delineation
More informationREPORT ON APPROACHES AND METHODS FOR EVALUATION VERTICAL TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS PROJECT.
Ltd. 500 4260 Still Creek Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5C 6C6 Telephone (604) 296-4200 Fax (604) 298-5253 REPORT ON APPROACHES AND METHODS FOR EVALUATION VERTICAL TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER HYDROGEOLOGICAL
More informationPennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Section 3 Stormwater Management Principles, Goals, and a Management Model
Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual DRAFT - JANUARY 2005 Section 3 Stormwater Management Principles, Goals, and a Management Model This page intentionally left blank. Section 3 Stormwater
More informationA Case for the Design and Modeling of BMP Infiltration and LID Techniques. By: Bob Murdock
A Case for the Design and Modeling of BMP Infiltration and LID Techniques 2009 IAFSM Annual Conference 2009 IAFSM Annual Conference By: Bob Murdock Presentation Outline 1. Runoff Reduction (RR) and Low
More informationPermeable Pavement Hydrologic Modeling
Permeable Pavement Hydrologic Modeling Robin Kirschbaum, PE, LEED AP Alice Lancaster, PE April 24, 2013 Presentation Overview Overview of Hydrologic Modeling Performance Standards Modeling Guidelines,
More information