257. PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE FEEDSTOCK PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 39S_B_BE_075

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1 COLLEGE BRANCH GUIDES 257. PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE FEEDSTOCK PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 39S_B_BE_075 : SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING : DR. K.K. POORNESH STUDENTS : MR. KARTHIK M.J. MR. NAYAKARA A. KADASIDDAPPA MR. ARJUN MURALI INTRODUCTION BIOETHANOL: Ethyl alcohol is produced by chemical synthesis and by fermentation or biosynthetic processes. Pure ethanol is colorless, limpid, volatile liquid which is flammable and toxic and has a burning taste. It boils at 78.4 O C and melts at O C, has a specific gravity of at 20 O C, and is soluble in water and most organic liquids. Ethanol is isomeric with DME (Di-Methyl-Ether) and both ethanol and DME can be expressed by the chemical formula C 2 H 6 O. Although, they may have the same physical formula, the thermodynamic behaviour of ethanol differs significantly from that of DME on account of stronger molecular association via the hydrogen bonds in ethanol. Keywords Bio-ethanol, pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, dehydration, gas-chromatography, idoform test, total carbohydrate, sugar reduction OBJECTIVES Following are made as the objectives of our present study- Identification of lignocellulose substrate Pre-treatment of the identified lignocellulose biomass Scarification of biomass to convert cellulose to cellulose Fermentation of the treated biomass Distillation of the fermentation broth to collect bio-mass

2 METHODOLOGY Pretreatment Hydrolysis Fermentation Pre-treatment and Hydrolysis Process: Pre-treatment of biomass under acidic conditions This process involves the treatment of lignocellulose biomass with different acids such as sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, per acetic acid, respectively. Dilute acid treatment is considered as a cheap and effective pre-treatment method due to low cost and easy availability of acids (Kim et al. 2005). Acid treatment is carried out in the presence of high and low concentrations of acids, and at high and low temperatures. At high temperatures, pretreatment of biomass is performed at temperature greater than 160 C in continuous process containing a low concentration of biomass (5 10 % substrate concentration). In general, dilute sulphuric acid is sprayed on raw biomass and incubated at C for few minutes (González et al. 1986). At high temperature ( C), hemicellulose gets hydrolysed, releasing monomeric sugars and soluble oligomers from the cell Fermentation process: Distillation Here, sucrose gets converted into ethanol by using fermentation process. Distillation Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. In either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of mixture's components. In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.

3 RESULT: Total OD SAMPLE INITIAL FINAL SB SB SE SE WB WB CS CS GN GN Sugar 540 mm OD SAMPLE INITIAL FINAL SB SB SE SE WB

4 WB CS CS GN GN Gas Chromatography Graph: From above graph, it indicates that sugar cane extract contains the highest percentage of ethanol (11.9%). CONCLUSIONS: A Comparative analysis of different lignocellulose Substitute for bioethanol production was conducted, owing to be increasing importance of biofuel in the present energy scenario. The focus of biofuel in the present energy scenario. The focus was on to find a cheap and second grade organic substrate that would yield the highest percentage of ethanol. In our case its sugar cane extract which gives 11.9% of pure ethanol yield. Cost effectiveness was given higher importance from optimization. The growth indicate that sugarcane extract gives the highest percentage of ethanol by fermentation with saccharomyces. But this poses a exception of Biofuel vs food Security. The next promising substrate was found to be Groundnut shells, they are easily available as well as the percentage of ethanol obtained was feasible enough for mass production. The identification of Lignocellulosic substrate is the first step in the production process. Next would be the optimization of ranges and condition for high yield culture growth in ethanol production.

5 Currently the percentage of ethanol being blended with gasoline of diesel is 15%, with a further 5% increase proposed by the government in the following year. The future scope of this project would be to analyse the obtained ethanol for its fuel properties and designing an engine which would run purely on bioethanol. The advantages would be enormous, ranging from low fuel cost to zero pollution. But the downside would be the lower calorific value of the fuel. * ~ * ~ *